Fourth-generation fluoroquinolone-resistant bacterial keratitis

Corneal scrapings were collected from a case of keratitis and microbiological investigations done. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus epidermidis) was identified on culture, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed. Treatment was started with topical cefazolin sulfate 5% and gatifloxacin 0.3%; this was subsequently changed to vancomycin 5% and tobramycin sulfate 1.3% based on the sensitivity pattern. The isolates of this bacterium were susceptible to vancomycin, tobramycin, and gentamicin, and resistance was present against moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and cefazolin. The case highlights the occurrence of keratitis caused by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus that is resistant to treatment with moxifloxacin.     

Fourth-generation fluoroquinolone-resistant mycobacterial keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis

We report a case of mycobacterial keratitis resistant to fourth-generation fluoroquinolones after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with fourth-generation fluoroquinolone prophylaxis. While receiving moxifloxacin post LASIK, the patient was diagnosed with moxifloxacin-resistant Mycobacterium chelonae keratitis. Culture susceptibilities revealed isolates resistant to moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin, and treatment with topical amikacin and clarithromycin with oral doxycycline and clarithromycin along with flap amputation was necessary to control the infection. This case demonstrates the potential limitations in the coverage of these antibiotic agents.     

Infectious keratitis after laser refractive surgery.

PURPOSE: To report two cases of infectious keratitis, one fungal after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and the other bacterial after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). DESIGN: Two interventional case reports. PARTICIPANTS: Case 1 is a male who was seen 3 weeks after PRK with a corneal ulceration. Case 2 involves a female who was seen 7 weeks after LASIK with interface granularity. RESULTS: Cultures in case 1 were identified as Scopulariopsis species, and despite intensive treatment, a therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (PK) was eventually performed. Case 2 had cultures identified as Mycobacterium chelonae and also ultimately required a therapeutic PK. CONCLUSIONS: Two unusual infectious keratitides are reported after different laser refractive surgery techniques.     

Fourth-generation fluoroquinolones in the treatment of mycobacterial infectious keratitis after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis surgery

Case report: Infectious keratitis after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is a rare complication that may be challenging to diagnose and treat. We discuss some of the reasons for difficulties diagnosing postoperative atypical or nontuberculous mycobacterial infection and establishing an effective treatment, with reference to reports of comparative antibacterial activity of the most commonly used antibiotics.Comments: To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report the use of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone moxifloxacin in combination therapy for the successful treatment of this condition.     

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infectious keratitis following refractive surgery

PURPOSE: To elucidate risk factors, clinical course, visual outcomes, and treatment of culture-proven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infectious keratitis following refractive surgery. DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS: Multicenter chart review of 13 cases of MRSA keratitis following refractive surgery and literature review. RESULTS: Thirteen eyes of 12 patients, nine of whom were either healthcare workers or exposed to a hospital surgical setting, developed MRSA keratitis following refractive surgery. All patients presented with a decrease in visual acuity and complaints of pain or irritation in the affected eye. Common signs on slit-lamp biomicroscopy were corneal epithelial defects, focal infiltrates with surrounding edema, conjunctival injection, purulent discharge, and hypopyon. All patients were diagnosed with infectious keratitis on presentation and treated with two antibiotics. All eyes were culture-positive for MRSA. CONCLUSIONS: According to a computerized MEDLINE literature search, this is the first case series of MRSA infectious keratitis following refractive surgery, the first reports of MRSA keratitis after refractive surgery in patients with no known exposure to a healthcare facility, the first report of MRSA keratitis after a laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) enhancement, and the first reports of MRSA keratitis after prophylaxis with fourth-generation fluoroquinolones. MRSA keratitis is a serious and increasing complication following refractive surgery. Patients with exposure to a healthcare environment should be considered at additional risk for developing MRSA keratitis. However, in addition, surgeons should now be vigilant for community-acquired MRSA. Prompt identification with culturing and appropriate treatment of MRSA keratitis after refractive surgery is important to improve visual rehabilitation.     

准分子激光角膜屈光手术后丝状角膜炎的临床分析及治疗

目的:观察准分子激光角膜屈光手术后丝状角膜炎的发病情况,总结采用唯地息凝胶治疗的效果,探讨其发病相关因素及防治方法。方法:所有患者2139眼,按术前有无角膜接触镜配戴史分为Ia组493眼(有角膜接触镜配戴史)与Ib组1646眼(无角膜接触镜配戴史),按术式分为IIa组1916眼(LASIK术后)与IIb组223眼(LASEK术后),比较其发病率,观察准分子激光角膜屈光手术后丝状角膜炎的发生情况,发病者迅速、足量使用唯地息凝胶治疗,观察其疗效,分析该病变的临床特征,相关发病因素及防治措施。结果:Ia组与Ib组术后丝状角膜炎发病率分别为3.45%和1.76%,两者有显著差异(P<0.05);IIa组与IIb组术后丝状角膜炎发病率分别为1.93%和4.04%,两者有显著差异(P<0.05)。唯地息凝胶治疗准分子激光角膜屈光手术后丝状角膜炎的平均疗程1.22±0.63d,随访6mo未见复发。结论:与准分子激光角膜屈光手术后丝状角膜炎发生的相关因素包括:术前配戴角膜接触镜继发干眼及眼表炎症、术中角膜损伤、术后角膜上皮愈合及术后用药等。唯地息凝胶治疗准分子激光角膜屈光手术后丝状角膜炎,疗程短、效果显著。     

角膜屈光术后群发性弥漫性层间角膜炎的临床研究

目的:回顾分析我院角膜屈光术后群发性弥漫性层间角膜炎(diffuse lamellar keratitis,DLK)发病原因和治疗.方法:收集我院2016-02-10/22期间于我院行角膜屈光手术(包括LASIK手术,FS-LASIK, SMILE)后出现DLK患者53例98眼,分析其发病原因并根据其程度和范围制定相应的治疗方案, 并观察治疗后1、3、5、7、10d及1mo时的恢复情况.结果:本研究中共发生5次群发性的DLK,在更换一次性手术用品、冲洗液以及对手术室的温湿度重新调整后,DLK的发生率明显降低.其中Ⅰ级DLK 80眼(82 %)、Ⅱ 级DLK 11眼(11%)、Ⅲ级DLK 4眼(4%)、Ⅳ级DLK 3眼(3%).其中行FS-LASIK手术的发病率为40%(42例79眼),Hastome角膜刀辅助的LASIK术发病率为45%(5例10眼),SMILE手术组发病率为20%(6例9眼).经过相应的激素治疗和掀瓣冲洗处理,均取得良好的治疗效果.结论:本次的群发性DLK可能与手术用品、术中冲洗液以及手术室的温湿度等因素有关.及时有效的预防、早期发现、早期诊断、分级治疗是减少DLK发生和并发症的关键.     

Successful treatment of Fusarium keratitis after photo refractive keratectomy

A 39-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a history of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), performed two weeks prior; slit-lamp examination revealed diffuse conjunctival congestion, corneal ulcer and stromal infiltration. After 5 days of antifungal and antibacteric treatment, the infiltrate progressively increased so that a therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty was necessary. The microbiological analyses revealed the presence of fungal filaments. Twenty days after surgery the patient had recurrent fungal infiltrate in the donor cornea with wound dehiscence. We performed a second penetrating keratoplasty. With the matrix-assisted-laser-desorption-ionization-time-of-flight analysis (MALDI-TOF) we identified a Fusarium solani. Intravenous amphothericine B, a combination of intracameral and intrastromal voriconazole and intracameral amphotericine B were administered. After 6 months from the last surgery the infection was eradicated. The management of fungal keratitis after PRK depends on many factors: In our experience, a prompt keratoplasty and the use of intracameral antifungal medication proved to be very effective.     

眼内手术后病毒性角膜炎临床分析

目的:回顾分析了2007/2009年3a间眼内手术后患病毒性角膜炎患者的病例资料,对其发生发展的原因进行总结归纳并分析探讨。方法:收集眼内手术后发生病毒性角膜炎患者30例,白内障并人工晶状体植入术后18例,玻璃体切除术后9例,青光眼术后3例。对其病史,角膜炎发作时间,发病时症状,眼部查体以及诊治经过进行分析总结。结果:患者30例中18例有病毒性角膜炎或重度病毒性结膜炎感染史,6例患者有感冒或消化道疾病等诱因,30例患者均有不同程度的刺激症状,查体角膜点状侵润或树枝状混浊。应用抗病毒药物和营养角膜药物后治愈。结论:眼内术后发生病毒性角膜炎跟病毒性角结膜炎感染史,机体免疫力低下,破坏泪膜稳定性,损伤角膜内皮,术后大剂量激素用药等密切相关。及时发现和及早治疗是防治关键。     

准分子激光屈光性角膜手术后干眼症的研究进展

准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术及准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术是目前治疗屈光不正的主要手术方法。在术后并发症中 ,干眼症普遍。本研究综述了屈光手术后干眼的发病率、临床表现、发病机制、术后影响、预防和治疗的研究进展情况。     

Refraction problems after refractive surgery

While refractive surgery such as radial keratotomy, epikeratophakia, and corneal relaxing incisions offer many potential benefits to patients, they can also generate optical problems such as overcorrection or undercorrection of the prior refractive error and variable vision. The authors offer suggestions for avoiding problems through proper patient selection; candid preoperative communication with the patient about possible difficulties and limitations; under-standing of the physiological changes that may occur; and optical techniques for alleviating postoperative vision problems.