磁共振成像在评价肝癌射频消融术效果中的运用与相应影像学特征研究

目的:探讨磁共振成像(MRI)在评价肝癌射频消融术(RFA)效果中的运用与相应影像学特征。方法:本次研究对象为2017年1月~2018年10月本院收治的50例肝癌RFA患者(共86个病灶),观察患者行RFA术后的MRI图像。结果:术后MRI图像可以观察到,术后1个月,有95.35%(82个)的病灶比术前大,术后12个月,有90.70%(78个)的病灶比术前小。术后1个月,T1WI高信号环完整病灶有80个,术后12个月,其中有12个(15.00%)病灶复发;高信号不完整病灶有6个,有6.67%(4个)的病灶复发,P<0.05;病灶病复发患者的MRI图像主要显示为DWI信号为高强度信号,T1、T2长改变,行增强扫描后发现为结节样增强。结论:给予肝癌RFA术患者MRI检查,可以准确定性原发性肝癌,有效辨别残留、复发的肿瘤组织,能为患者诊治方案的设定提供可靠的支持。     

Choline deficiency and the reversibility of renal lesions in rats

A transient choline deficiency was induced in young rats subsequently fed a nutritionally complete purified diet during recovery periods of 0 to 119 days. The purpose was to investigate the pathomorphology of the renal lesions and relate this to observed biochemical changes. Acute renal lesions consisting of tubular epithelial cell necrosis and tubulorrhexis were observed in rats immediately after the insult. Chronic renal lesions consisting of interstitial nephritis and scarring were observed 28 to 119 days after the insult; these lesions were qualitatively similar at all times but showed a healing trend as the recovery period lengthened. Kidney and liver weights, liver fat concentration, and serum urea nitrogen concentration were higher in treated rats than in control rats at 0 days (no recovery period allowed) but treatment effects at all other times were minor. Significant changes occurred in serum phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations and in the phenylalanine to tyrosine ratios after recovery periods of 0, 42 and 84 days. It was concluded that the proximal convoluted tubule was most seriously affected and that the chronic lesions represent a potential threat to kidney function in a stress situation. Some implications for human nutrition are discussed.     

Relationship between measles, malnutrition, and blindness: a prospective study in Indian children

A prospective study was conducted in slum children to determine the incidence of post-measles corneal disease and to clarify its relationship with nutritional status. A total of 318 cases of measles were identified over a period of 15 mo; maximum incidence was observed for children between 1-2 yr. Most of the children showed weight loss and serum proteins decrease during the acute stage of measles. Corneal lesions were observed in 3% of the children, and the lesions responded well to treatment. Serum vitamin A and RBP levels were significantly depressed during the acute stage of measles but were restored to normal 8 wk after recovery. There were no significant differences in the serum levels for those with and without eye lesions, which suggests that these lesions may not be mediated simply through the effect of infection on serum concentration of vitamin A.     

多普勒超声心动图在心脏占位性疾病中的临床应用

目的探讨心脏占位性病变的超声表现及超声心动图对其诊断价值。方法对35例心脏占位性病变的超声诊断作回顾性分析，并与临床、手术、病理结果进行对照。结果该组心脏占位性病变以血栓、粘液瘤、赘生物最常见。血栓及粘液瘤好发生于左房，血栓多为较强回声，一般无蒂，活动度小，随心动周期而动；粘液瘤多为等回声，有蒂与心内壁相连，活动度较大：赘生物多发生于瓣膜，有感染性心内膜炎病史。结论超声心动图对心脏占位性疾病的诊断具有较高的准确性和特异性，它能准确描述病变的部位、大小、数最、形状、活动性及比邻关系。     

MRI findings of muscular sarcoidosis

MRI characteristics of number lesions were studied in eight patients with sarcoidosis proved by Ga scintigraphy. T2 weighted image in spin echo method and low flip angle method were employed. The localization of lesion detected by Ga scintigraphy was quite similar to that of lesions found by MRI, but lesions were more clearly detectable in MRI than Ga. MRI could identify anatomical localization of muscular lesions. Two characteristic MRI findings were observed; one was high intensity in the whole lesion, and another was high intensity in periphery with low intensity in central lesion. MRI is a useful tool for more accurate diagnosis of muscular lesions in sarcoidosis.     

NBI-ME内镜技术在结直肠早期肿瘤诊治中的价值

目的 通过窄带成像放大内镜技术（NBI-ME）对结直肠病变进行观察,研究NBI-ME内镜技术对发现结直肠新生性病变的优势,以及对结直肠肿瘤性病变判断的精准度.方法 680例患者进行了完整普通肠镜、NBI-ME、色素内镜检查.对新生性病变分别用普通光镜、NBI-ME模式及色素放大方法观察病变表面结构,记录微血管形态（MP）和腺管开口分型（pit）,对病变性质的判断结果与病理诊断比较.结果 NBI-ME在385例患者发现新生性病变513个,而普通光镜只检出其中的74.1%（380/513）,有显著统计学差异（P〈0.01）.色素内镜能检出86.0%（441/513）,也有显著统计学差异（P〈0.05）.普通光镜漏检主要为微小病变及平坦型病变.NBI-ME对判断病变肿瘤性或非肿瘤性准确率为94.2%,敏感性90.2%,特异性95.3%,显著高于普通光镜和色素内镜（P〈0.001）.结论 NBI-ME内镜技术有利于发现微小病变和平坦型病变,能清晰观察病变表面pit形态结构、微血管形态,对判断病变肿瘤性或非肿瘤的准确率明显比普通内镜和色素内镜高,检查操作时转换模式方便,NBI-ME将成为发现结直肠新生性病变和鉴别是否肿瘤性的更有效的内镜检查方法.     

超声造影在妇科瘤样病变诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨超声造影在妇科瘤样病变诊断中的应用价值。方法:对比分析43例卵巢肿瘤及瘤样病变的二维彩色多普勒和超声造影表现。结果:超声造影检查前二维及彩色多普勒超声提示良性病灶31例,恶性病灶5例,7例不能明确诊断;造影检查提示良性病灶36例,恶性病灶7例;手术病理诊断及随访结果良性病灶35例,恶性病灶8例。卵巢良、恶性肿瘤的造影灌注特点存在明显差异。结论:超声造影有助于更准确地评价肿瘤内的血流信息,对卵巢良、恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断及卵巢肿瘤的早期诊断有重要的参考价值。     

SonoVue实时超声造影在肾脏占位性病变中的应用

目的探讨SonoVue实时超声造影在肾脏占位性病变中的应用价值。方法对30例常规超声诊断为肾脏占位性病变或可疑占位性病变的患者进行不同剂量(1.2ml或2.4ml)的SonoVue实时超声造影检查仔细观察灌注过程及回声变化,并用随机配备的时间-强度曲线分析。结果30例患者均获得满意的动态造影灌注图像,超声造影提示恶性病灶23例,良性病灶7例,所有病例均经CT、M RI或手术病理证实。与周边正常肾皮质对比,不同剂量的各病变在始增时间(开始强化时间)、强化程度及强化持续时间上表现出各自的特点。结论SonoVue实时超声造影在肾脏占位性病变的诊断及鉴别诊断中有一定的实用价值,可为临床提供更多有价值信息。     

CT in eosinophilic granuloma of the lung

We analyzed the chest CT findings in nine patients with biopsy-proven eosinophilic granuloma. Multiple cystic lesions with relatively thin walls seems characteristic of this disease. Small nodular lesions and increased density were observed in many cases. Pleural or subpleural lesions were found in all cases. In seven cases, the distribution of the lesions were predominantly in the upper or upper and middle lung fields. In the remaining two cases however, lesions were found homogeneously throughout the whole lung. In order to analyze the site of the lesions in the secondary pulmonary lobule, a specimen obtained from an open lung biopsy was inflated and fixed using fixative by Heitzman's method. Observation of the slices of the specimen by dissection microscope and their soft X-ray radiographs demonstrated that the lesion existed in the central area of acini. However, CT of the patient before open lung biopsy didn't showed centriacinar distribution. The disparity is because a certain number of lesions lobule is necessary to identify the centriacinar pattern by CT.     

Acute gastric mucosal lesions--a new experimental model and effect of parenteral nutrition

Experiments were performed on 94 male Sprague-Dawley rats to explore the influence of starvation and parenteral nutrition on the development of acute gastric mucosal changes under stress. Comparative assessments were made of lesions in the gastric mucosa of rats on 1- or 6-day repeated exposure to the stress consisting of restraint with immersion in water. Marked hemorrhagic lesions over the extensive area of the glandular stomach and pronounced ulcerative changes in the nonglandular stomach were observed in 6-day stress group as compared to 1-day stress group where only a few hemorrhagic lesions were observed. Thus, this model has proven to provide an excellent experimental model suitable to the purpose of the present investigation. Parenteral nutrition significantly suppressed the development of mucosal damage either in the nonglandular or glandular stomach of rats under 6-day stress. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that lesions caused in the glandular stomach increase in severity via exposure to stress and starvation while those evoked in the nonglandular stomach rise in incidence even in the presence of starvation alone.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术对120例食管胃黏膜下病变的诊疗价值

目的探讨内镜下黏膜下切除治疗食管胃黏膜下隆起性病变的诊断、治疗价值。方法比较120食管胃黏膜下隆起性病变的内镜和病理诊断结果符合率。采取内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗食管胃黏膜下隆起性病变,观察治疗效果。结果食管黏膜下隆起性病变以平滑肌瘤多见,而胃底、胃体部间质瘤多见,胃窦病变性质较为多样化。患者超声内镜检查结果与病理活检结果相比较,食管部病变的诊断符合率较高,但胃窦部隆起病变的诊断符合率较低。表明内镜黏膜下剥离术对食管胃黏膜下隆起性病变有较好的诊断和治疗作用。结论内镜黏膜下剥离术不仅能为食管胃黏膜下隆起性病变患者提供有效的病理诊断,而且还能较好地切除病变组织,对食管胃黏膜下病变有较高的诊疗价值。     

Asbestos-related lesions of the pleura: parietal plaques compared to diffuse thickening studied with chest roentgenography, computed tomography, lung function, and gas exchange

Lung function tests, tests of working capacity with gas exchange, and computed tomography (CT) with density measurements with the patient supine and prone were performed in 23 males with asbestos-related bilateral pleural lesions. Two had pulmonary asbestosis grade 1/0 or more; all the others had normal lung parenchyma. On x-ray, the pleural lesions were divided into plaques involving only the parietal pleura There was a and diffuse pleural fibrosis of various degrees involving the visceral pleura. There was a good correlation between the findings at plain chest roentgenography and CT, but more lesions were seen on the CT scan. However, a few pleural plaques seen on conventional films were not observed at CT. Individuals with plaques had slightly lowered lung function compared to reference subjects. Bilateral diffuse pleural fibrosis was associated with a marked decrease in pulmonary function. The two patients with radiologically evident pulmonary asbestosis were found in this group. Decreased lung function was also observed in subjects with pleural fibrosis of only grade 1 (involving less than one fourth of the hemithorax) and a normal exercise capacity. The study shows the importance of differentiation between various asbestos-related pleural lesions.     

微卡辅助治疗涂阳肺结核的疗效探讨

目的评价化疗并用母牛分枝杆菌菌苗（微卡）治疗涂阳肺结核的效果。方法将患者随机分为微卡加化疗治疗组与单纯化疗对照组，观察治疗结束肺部病灶吸收及痰菌阴转情况。统计方法用χ^2检验。结果满疗程痰菌阴转率分别为93．5％和76．8％，治疗组高于对照组，两组比较，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。治疗组与对照组肺部病灶吸收率分别为86．36％和71．74％，两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）结论微卡能提高痰菌阴转率，有助于病灶吸收，可作为涂阳肺结核的免疫治疗和化疗的辅助治疗。     

内镜下黏膜染色加黏膜切除对大肠侧向发育肿瘤的诊断治疗

目的探讨电子肠镜下靛胭脂黏膜染色联合黏膜切除对大肠侧向发育肿瘤（LST）诊治的临床价值。方法对4200例肠镜检查中发现的可疑黏膜病灶，行镜下喷洒0．4％靛胭脂黏膜染色，镜下观察病灶大小并形态分型，病灶黏膜可随充吸气变形者及黏膜下注射液体黏膜抬举征呈阳性者行内镜黏膜切除（MER）或分片黏膜切除术（EPMR），未能行黏膜切除者行镜下活检，病灶黏膜送病理检查。结果发现45例患者共47个LST病灶，检出率为l、l％。分型；颗粒型33（70．2％）和非颗粒型14（29、8％）。大小；10～19mm25个（53．2％），20～30mm14个（29．8％），〉30mm8个（17．0％）。病理检查黏膜局部癌变7例（5例SM癌，2例sML癌），LST病灶中早期大肠癌捡出率为14．9％，进展期大肠癌3例，良性腺瘤37个（78．7％）。结论普通电子肠镜结合黏膜染色能够有效的发现大肠LST病灶，联合镜下黏膜切除根除LST病灶对早期大肠癌防治具有积极临床意义。     

超声造影在射频消融治疗肝转移癌疗效评估的价值

目的探讨超声造影(contrast-enhanced ultrasound,CEUS)评价射频消融(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)治疗肝脏转移瘤疗效的临床应用价值。方法将31例肝转移瘤病例(共51个病灶)分别行射频消融治疗及超声造影检查;射频消融术前造影观察病灶并制定治疗策略,术后分析病灶造影增强的变化以判断消融效果;病例随访时间为2～22月,术后30min及术后三个月内每月一次、术后3个月后每3个月一次CEUS及增强CT/MRI对照。结果术前超声造影较常规超声多发现病灶8个;治疗后30min46个(46/51,90.2%)病灶动脉期呈无增强区域,5个病灶(5/51,9.8%)动脉期见异常增强信号,即刻行射频消融治疗;随访中4个病灶(4/51,7.8%)见复发。结论超声造影能优化RFA治疗肝脏转移瘤的各个步骤,减少病灶复发,有良好的临床应用前景。     

Noise-induced gastric lesions: a light and scanning electron microscopy study of the alterations of the rat gastric mucosa induced by low frequency noise

INTRODUCTION: Exposure to low frequency noise (LFN) can lead to vibroacoustic disease (VAD), recognized as a systemic disease with lesions in a broad spectrum of organs. Although gastrointestinal complaints are common among individuals exposed to noise, only few studies tried to evaluate the digestive lesions. The authors performed this study in order to investigate gastric lesions in an animal model of VAD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Adult Wistar rats were exposed to continuous LFN. After five weeks they were sacrificed. The stomachs were studied by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and compared with stomachs of animals kept in silence. RESULTS: Superficial erosions were present in the noise-exposed animals. Massive cell death of the gastric epithelium was observed, both by light and electron microscopy. DISCUSSION: The erosions, reflecting cellular degeneration and death, occurred without inflammation, similar to what has been observed in other LFN-exposed organs.     

MRI-DWI技术及ADC值对乳腺病变能诊断价值

目的探讨MRI扩散加权成像（DWT）技术及表观扩散系数（ADC）值鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的诊断效能及价值。方法纳入经活检或手术后病理证实的278例病人的301个病灶,其中234个乳腺病灶ADC值可测量,用诊断试验的评价方法计算相关评价指标以评价良恶性病灶的ADC差异;根据受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）确定曲线下面积,比较ADC值对肿块性病变及非肿块性病变诊断效能的差异。结果ADC值可测量的234例乳腺病变中,肿块性病变ADC均值〈非肿块性病变ADC均值;恶性肿块性病变ADC均值显著低于良性肿块性病变;恶性非肿块性病变ADC均值与良性非肿块性病变、恶性肿块性病变ADC值与恶性非肿块性病变之间的差异无统计学意义。肿块性病变ADC值的ROC下面积为0．837。非肿块性病变ADC值的ROC下面积为0．592。结论DWT应纳入乳腺MRT常规标准化检查程序中,但由于肿块性病变和非肿块性病变ADC值有很大差异,应将病变根据形态学分为肿块和非肿块并采取不同诊断策略。     

胎儿先天性肺囊腺瘤超声诊断价值

目的：探讨胎儿先天性肺囊腺瘤的超声诊断价值,并对预后进行分析。方法：2007年1月-2014年3月,对本院产前超声诊断为胎儿先天性肺囊腺瘤的11例孕妇进行观察,重点扫查胎儿双侧肺,观察病灶二维超声声像图特征,应用彩色多普勒显示病灶血供情况,并注意观察有无胎儿水肿和其他胎儿异常畸形存在,随访临床、影像或病理检查结果。结果：检出的11例胎儿先天性肺囊腺瘤中,10例病灶位于单侧肺,1例病灶双侧肺均有;单侧肺病例中,6例位于左侧,4例位于右侧;Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型3例;4例伴有羊水过多;2例Ⅲ型伴有胎儿水肿;1例Ⅱ型伴有同侧胸腔少量积液及合并胎儿唇裂畸形;2例Ⅱ型定期复查显示病灶逐渐缩小;1例Ⅰ型出生后经手术治疗,术后患儿如常;7例选择终止妊娠,引产后病理证实与超声诊断相符。结论：产前超声检查能准确诊断胎儿先天性肺囊腺瘤畸形,可对病灶进行分型并评估预后。     

Lugol液染色对食管早期癌和癌前病变的诊断价值

目的探讨Lugol液染色对食管早期癌和癌前病变的诊断价值。方法对45例食管黏膜可疑病变经内镜以2%Lugol液喷洒染色,观察黏膜染色情况,并取活检送病理组织学检查。结果45例食管病变染色后,39例呈浅染色或不染色,其中食管癌8例(食管早期癌5例,进展期癌3例),Barrett食管5例,轻至中度不典型增生11例。本组Lugol液染色对食管早期癌和癌前病变的检出率达46.7%。结论内镜下应用Lugol液染色结合活检有助于食管早期癌和癌前病变的诊断,且操作简便,具有重要的临床价值。     

护肤粉在危重症患者腹泻与失禁皮肤护理中的应用

目的探讨护肤粉用于危重症患者腹泻及大便失禁预防肛周皮肤损伤的效果。方法将74例因腹泻或大便失禁的危重患者按随机数字表分为观察组37例、对照组37例,观察组用施贵宝护肤粉,对照组用红霉素软膏,比较两组患者肛周皮肤损伤发生情况。结果观察组有4例(10.81%)患者发生肛周皮肤发生损伤,而对照组的有15例(40.54%)。两组比较,观察组的肛周皮肤损害发生率较对照组的低,且具有显著差异(p<0.01)。结论护肤粉用于危重症患者腹泻及大便失禁护理预防肛周皮肤损伤,效果明显优于红霉素软膏。