脐血巨细胞病毒抗体阳性患儿尿中巨细胞病毒DNA水平调查

目的 调查脐血巨细胞病毒(CMV)抗体IgG、IgM阳性的发生率,并进一步研究阳性患儿尿巨细胞病毒DNA(CMV-DNA)水平,为临床对高危患儿早期干预提供依据.方法 分析调查2010年10月-2011年3月在医院分娩的350例新生儿脐血CMV抗体IgG和IgM的阳性例数,并进一步检测2组抗体阳性的患儿在0、1、3月时的CMV-DNA水平,分析其排毒情况.结果 350例新生几中,共检测出CMV抗体IgG阳性例数212例占60.6％,IgM阳性例数17例占4.9％,IgG阳性组患儿在0、1、3月龄时的CMV-DNA水平＞上限的分别为:41、33、40例;IgM阳性组患儿在0、1、3月龄时的CMV-DNA水平＞上限的分别为:8、4、3例.结论 脐血巨细胞病毒抗体阳性患儿,尿巨细胞病毒DNA检出率较高,体内CMV复制活跃,应加强其防治措施.     

北京军区新兵人群丁型肝炎病毒感染血清流行病学调查

目的 了解入伍新兵人群中丁型肝炎病毒(HDV)IgM和IgG抗体的流行分布情况,为今后预防工作提供科学依据.方法 采用血清流行病学调查方法 ,利用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)技术,对北京军区近5年来自12个省市的444名入伍新兵血清进行HDV IgM和IgG抗体检测,统计分析其阳性率.结果 发现各年间入伍新兵血清HDV IgM、IgG均未检出;对2006、2007年入伍的9169新兵中筛奁出的20名HBsAg阳性标本进行HDV IgM、IgG检测,均为阴性.结论 该军区入伍新兵人群中HDV感染概率低,危害小.新兵入伍期间,采取加强检疫、乙肝疫苗接种和健康教育等有效预防措施.     

2012年吉林省森林脑炎病例检验结果与分析

目的对2012年吉林省森林脑炎疑似病例进行实验室检验和结果分析,为临床诊断、治疗以及森林脑炎的防控提供科学依据。方法采集森林脑炎临床诊断病例的血清标本10份,通过酶联免疫吸附实验检测森林脑炎特异性IgM和IgG抗体。结果实验结果显示:5例患者新近感染森林脑炎病毒;1例患者可能曾经感染森林脑炎病毒,正处于恢复期;其余4例患者未感染森林脑炎病毒。结论经过实验室检验,可以确诊部分森林脑炎临床诊断病例;5-7月吉林省长白山林区存在森林脑炎病例。     

一起麻疹暴发的调查研究

目的:了解IgG与IgM抗体检测以及病毒分离培养的结果对麻疹病例诊断的作用。方法:应用商品ELISA试剂盒检测可疑病人血清中的麻疹特异性IgG与IgM抗体;应用细胞培养法分离培养可疑病人早期咽拭子中的麻疹病毒。结果:应用双份血清检测麻疹特异性IgG抗体的方法,一个暴发点的22名发热患者中11人确诊为麻疹,其中5人IgM抗体阳性、2人分离出麻疹病毒(其中1人IgM抗体阴性)。结论:IgM抗体检测对麻疹病例诊断漏诊率相当高,病毒分离培养法漏诊率更高,可靠的方法是检测双份血清中的IgG抗体。     

ELISA方法检测血吸虫抗体的研究

目的 :血吸虫病患者血清中 Ig G和 Ig M抗体检测方法的改进。方法 :用纯化的血吸虫虫卵抗原作包被抗原 ,用辣根过氧化物酶标记的抗人 Ig G和抗人 Ig M(μ链 )单克隆抗体作标记抗体 ,采用间接 EL ISA检测血清中 Ig G和 Ig M抗体。结果 :此法检测血吸虫病疫区患者 Ig G的阳性检出率为 84.1% (5 3/ 6 3) ,与 IHA结果 (5 2 / 6 3)基本一致。其灵敏度高达 1∶ 2 5 6 0 0。对 2例急感病人 Ig M检测均为阳性 ,而 90例正常人血清有87份为阴性 ,其灵敏度为 1∶ 16 0 0。两种检测方法的精密性好 ,CV值均在 5 %以下。结论 :此方法特异性强 ,灵敏度高 ,快速、简便 ,适合于广大农村疫区进行血吸虫病流行病普查和临床诊断     

人巨细胞病毒感染与自然流产关系的研究

目的 探讨人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)感染与自然流产之间的关系。方法 应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)及聚合酶链试验(PCR)检测39例自然流产患者(流产组)血清中HCMV-IgM及外周血、胎儿组织中HCMV-DNA,并选择23例人工流产孕妇做对照组。结果 流产组患者血清中HCMV-IgM、外周血、胎儿组织HCMV-DNA阳性率分别为38.46%、43.58%、33.33%.对照组分别是8.69%、8.69%、4.31%.两者比较差别有显着性意义(P<0.05).结论 HCMV感染是引起自然流产的重要原因之一。     

人巨细胞病毒ELISAIgG法试剂盒特异性的核查和应用

采取PBS-冻融、超声法制备HCMV ELISA抗原测人血清特异IgG抗体。经用人巨细胞病毒特异抗原和其他病毒抗原作特异性抑制试验,HCMV抗原能抑制同一份阳性血清的OD值达80％以上,其他病毒抗原无抑制作用。参照日本提供的HCMV-IgG阳性和阴性血清,证实本实验的系统重复性好。本方法使用一定浓度的抗原量和定最的抗人IgG酶结合物,可检测到满意的抗体效价,且本底低。用本试剂检测62份正常产妇脐血清和45份普通门诊成人血清,其阳性率分别为98.4％和93.3％。     

毛细支气管炎患儿巨细胞病毒活动性感染的临床特点

为了解巨细胞病毒在毛细支气管炎中活动性感染的状况和巨细胞病毒活动性感染的毛细支气管炎的临床特点 ,作者自2 0 0 0年 11月～ 2 0 0 2年 3月对我院儿科住院的毛细支气管炎患儿进行CMV活动性感染的研究 ,现报道如下。1　资料和方法1·1　一般资料　毛细支气管炎 (毛支 )组 :随机选择 2 0 0 0年 11月～ 2 0 0 2年 3月在我院儿科病房住院的毛细支气管炎患儿 88例 ,按毛细支气管炎诊断标准[1] 诊断。年龄 2个月～ 2岁 :男 48例 ,女 40例 ;平均年龄 ( 6 18± 5 40 )月 ;平均体重 ( 7 2 3± 2 2 9)kg。非毛细支气管炎 (非毛支 )组 :选择同…     

汕尾地区妊娠妇女TORCH感染调查分析

目的了解汕尾地区妊娠妇女TORCH感染状况。为预防TORCH感染、降低新生儿出生缺陷发生率提供参考资料。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对476例妊娠妇女进行TORCH-IgM及IgG抗体检测。结果TORCH的10项检测结果包括Tox、RV、CMV、HSV-I和HSV-Ⅱ的IgM阳性率分别为3．36％、0．84％、2．73％、1．26％和1．68％,Tox、RV、CMV、HSV-I和HSV-Ⅱ的kG阳性率分别为11．10％、86．10％、81．90％、38．40％和15．30％。结论汕尾地区妊娠妇女弓形虫感染率最高．其次是巨细胞病毒。为减少因TORCH感染而导致新生儿出生缺陷,建议妊娠妇女尽可能进行TORCH筛查;孕期TORCH感染者应采取一定的干预治疗措施．必要时终止妊娠．促进优生优育．提高人口素质。     

包头市健康人群水痘-带状疱疹病毒抗体水平调查

水痘-带状疱疹病毒(Varicella-Zoster virus,VZV)具有高的接触传染性,通过含病毒的飞沫在空气中传播或者通过含病毒的疱疹内容物或疱疹痂接触感染。初次感染该病毒后,引起水痘,多见于未感染过此病毒、无免疫力的易感人群,主要是小儿,尤其是6月龄以上的婴幼儿及学龄前儿童。患水痘后人体产生免疫力,一般不发生二次感染。     

Spatiotemporal variation of notified Barmah Forest virus infections in Queensland, Australia, 1993-2001

The spatiotemporal variations of Barmah Forest virus (BFv) infections were assessed in Queensland, Australia, between 1993 and 2001 utilizing a Geographic Information System. The notified BFv cases came from 441 localities between 1993 and 1995, 512 between 1996 and 1998, and 546 between 1999 and 2001. A statistically significant increase was observed in the number of localities from which the cases were notified by 16.1% for the period of 1996-1998 and 23.8% for 1999-2001, compared with that for 1993-1995 (chi2 (df=2) = 11.5; p < 0.01). These results indicate that there has been an expanded geographic distribution of the notified BFv infections in Queensland over the last decade. Socioecological changes may be causal factors in this expansion.     

Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated whole virus Vero cell-derived Ross River virus vaccine: a randomized trial

Background

Ross River virus (RRV) is endemic in Australia and several South Pacific Islands. Approximately 5000 cases of RRV disease, which is characterized by debilitating polyarthritis, are recorded each year in Australia. This study describes the first clinical trial of a candidate RRV vaccine.

Methods

An inactivated whole-virus Vero cell-derived RRV vaccine was tested in 382 healthy, RRV-naïve adults in a phase 1/2 dose-escalation study at ten sites in Austria, Belgium and The Netherlands. Subjects were equally randomized to receive 1.25 μg, 2.5 μg, 5 μg, or 10 μg aluminum hydroxide-adjuvanted or non-adjuvanted RRV vaccine, with a second dose after three weeks and a booster at six months. Vaccine immunogenicity was determined by measurements of serum IgG and neutralizing antibody titers. Vaccine tolerability and safety were monitored over the entire study period.

Results

The optimal vaccine formulation was the adjuvanted 2.5 μg dose, as calculated using a repeated mixed model analysis of covariance comparing log-transformed RRV-specific IgG titers between different dose groups. Geometric means of RRV-specific serum antibodies measured 21 days after the third vaccination with the 2.5 μg adjuvanted formulation were 520.9 (90% CI 377.2-719.4) as determined by IgG ELISA and 119.9 (82.6-173.9) as determined by virus neutralization assay, resulting in seropositivity rates of 92.9% (82.6-98.0) and 92.7% (82.2-98.0), respectively. All vaccine formulations and doses were well tolerated after the first, second and third vaccination.

Conclusions

The adjuvanted, inactivated whole-virus Vero cell-derived Ross River virus vaccine is highly immunogenic in RRV-naïve adults and well tolerated at all dose levels.     

Ross River virus disease reemergence, Fiji, 2003-2004

We report 2 clinically characteristic and serologically positive cases of Ross River virus infection in Canadian tourists who visited Fiji in late 2003 and early 2004. This report suggests that Ross River virus is once again circulating in Fiji, where it apparently disappeared after causing an epidemic in 1979 to 1980.     

Geographic Information Systems used to describe the link between the risk of Ross River virus infection and proximity to the Leschenault estuary, WA

Objective: To investigate the relationship between risk of Ross River virus (RRV) infection and proximity to mosquito‐breeding habitat surrounding a tidal wetland ecosystem in south‐west Australia. Methods: Geographic information systems (GIS) were used to spatially map cases of RRV disease in the Leschenault region between July 1995 and June 1996. Half kilometre buffer zones were constructed around the Leschenault Estuary and associated waterways; RRV disease case counts were calculated for each zone. Results: Different relationships between RRV disease incidence and proximity to saltmarsh mosquito habitat were observed east of the Leschenault Estuary compared with an urban region to the south. Disease incidence showed a decreasing trend away from eastern margins of the Estuary, particularly for the first 2 km. In the urban region, RRV disease risk was low close to the Estuary, but increased further out and remained steady across the remainder of that region. Conclusions: The findings support an increased risk of contracting RRV disease for people residing close to eastern margins of the Leschenault Estuary. Implications: This study highlights how historical data combined with GIS can improve understanding of the epidemiology of RRV disease. This has a valuable role in assessing the risk of mosquito‐borne disease for land‐use planning.     

Circulation of 2 Barmah Forest Virus Lineages in Military Training Areas,Australia

During 2017–2018, Barmah Forest virus was recovered from mosquitoes trapped in military training areas in Australia and from a soldier infected at 1 of these areas. Phylogenies of the nucleotide sequences of the envelope glycoprotein gene E2 and the 3′ untranslated region suggest that 2 lineages are circulating in eastern Australia.     

Ecological mechanisms that promote arbovirus survival: a mathematical model of Ross River virus transmission

Many assessments of host and vector competence for arboviruses focus on level and length of infectivity and ignore ecological mechanisms that contribute to virus survival. In this paper, mathematical models are used to compare local survival mechanisms for a range of scenarios, using Ross River virus as a case study. Ross River virus is an Australian arbovirus with many mosquito vectors and reservoir hosts. The mechanisms for maintaining long-term transmission of the virus vary between salt and freshwater mosquito vectors, and according to the availability of susceptible hosts. The models demonstrate that overwintering of virus in adult freshwater mosquitoes requires a large host population, while overwintering of virus in infected eggs of saltwater mosquitoes is an effective survival strategy when filial infection rates are high. The virus survives longer when both salt and freshwater mosquito species are included in the model than when only one mosquito species is present. When the marsupial host is replaced by a host with higher birth rate and shorter infectious period, the virus survived longer under all models. This suggests that birth rate can be a key factor when assessing the competence of reservoir hosts to maintain virus transmission.     

The risk of Ross River and Barmah Forest virus disease in Queensland: implications for New Zealand

OBJECTIVES: To describe the incidence of Ross River (RR) and Barmah Forest (BF) virus disease in Queensland and determine the risk of importation of RR virus from Queensland into New Zealand (NZ) via viraemic travellers. METHODS: Based on routine RR and BF virus notification data of seven major urban tropical and subtropical Queensland populations, incidence rates adjusted for age, sex, season and a baseline level of immunity were used to examine the annual and seasonal risk of disease in the specific populations and selected subgroups. The risk for NZ was determined by estimating the number of infections among major visitor groups travelling from Queensland to NZ, using seroconversion rates. RESULTS: In Queensland, annual rates of RR and BF virus disease ranged between 31.5-288.3 and 3.4-37.4/100,000 person years respectively and increased to between 48.4-423.5 and 3.8-40.4/100,000 person years at risk when adjusted for immunity. Our estimates indicate that more than 100 viraemic travellers may enter NZ from Queensland each year. Estimates were greatest among New Zealanders returning home. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Usefulness of notification data could be maximised by presenting more detailed information to the local governments responsible for the control and public health awareness of these pathogens. Given the high number of viraemic persons entering NZ, the abundance of possums and the emergence of Oc. camptorhynchus, transmission of RR virus within NZ is probable. Health authorities should prepare for a virgin soil epidemic of RR virus by initiating serological and clinical surveillance in key areas, enhance public and professional awareness and elevate national resources necessary to invoke emergency vector control and case management.     

酶联免疫法检测风疹病毒急性感染结果分析

目的探讨酶联免疫法在诊断风疹病毒急性感染中的应用。方法对2100例无偿献血者血浆样本分别检测风疹病毒IgM抗体、IgG抗体,对IgM抗体阳性和IgM抗体阴性且IgG抗体阳性的样本检测其IgG抗体亲合力。结果 2100例样本中,风疹病毒IgM抗体阳性率为0.76%,IgG抗体阳性率为78.67%,447例样本个体风疹病毒IgM抗体和IgG抗体均为阴性。在对IgM抗体阴性且IgG抗体阳性的样本进行IgG抗体亲合力检测时,有19例样本为低亲合力,可判定为原发性感染。在对IgM抗体阳性的样本进行IgG亲合力检测时,样本SZ0259和SZ1490IgM抗体为可疑值,IgG抗体阳性,IgG抗体高亲合力,可能由于IgM抗体常年保持低水平,并非正处于风疹病毒急性感染期。最终确定风疹病毒急性感染的样本为33例,感染率1.57%。结论可同时检测风疹病毒IgM抗体和风疹病毒IgG抗体亲合力来诊断风疹病毒感染,IgM抗体阳性或IgG抗体低亲合力的样本均可判定为风疹病毒急性感染。