利用稻瘟霉分生孢子跟踪分离面包海星中的海星皂苷活性成分

目的研究面包海星中的海星皂苷活性成分。方法以稻瘟霉模型进行活性监测，采用多种层析手段和波谱技术对海星皂苷活性成分跟踪分离并鉴定其结构。结果分离获得14个海星皂苷，鉴定了其中12个结构(1～12)，包括7个新的海星皂苷(6～12)。其中大多对稻瘟霉显示活性且对K-562和BEL-7402肿瘤细胞株显示显著或中等强度的细胞毒性，2个皂苷有溶血作用。结论利用稻瘟霉模型对海星皂苷活性成分进行跟踪分离是可行的，该研究也为进一步开发抗肿瘤新药提供了有价值的先导化合物和科学依据。     

海星极性脂脂质体的抗肿瘤活性研究

目的通过体内、体外实验研究海星极性脂中的磷脂和脑苷脂脂质体的抗肿瘤作用。方法从罗氏海盘车中提取磷脂和脑苷脂,并制备单室脂质体。采用MTT法测定海星磷脂和海星脑苷脂脂质体对S180细胞生长的抑制作用;不同剂量的海星磷脂和脑苷脂脂质体灌胃移植性S180肿瘤小鼠,分别测定其瘤重、脾、胸腺指数及体重变化情况。结果海星磷脂和海星脑苷脂脂质体在体外对S180细胞有明显的抑制作用;体内实验表明,海星磷脂和海星脑苷脂脂质体能显著抑制小鼠S180肉瘤的生长,提高荷瘤小鼠的胸腺指数,延缓荷瘤小鼠体重的下降。结论海星磷脂和海星脑苷脂脂质体在体内、体外均具有明显的抗肿瘤活性。     

海星皂苷生物活性与制备研究进展

海洋是全球药物研发的重要宝库，提高海洋生物资源深度开发和高值化利用能力，是我国海洋强国战略的重要组成部分，也是促进海洋经济可持续发展及实施“蓝色药库”的关键途径之一。海星属典型的棘皮动物，进化地位和生物学特征独特，是国际公认的药用/保健用海洋生物。海星中含有皂苷、多糖、多肽、氨基酸、胶原蛋白、甾醇及生物碱等多种营养成分和活性物质，其中海星皂苷在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗衰老及降血脂等方面展现出良好的生物活性，在食品和药物研发领域具有巨大的发展潜力和广阔的应用前景。本文系统检索了近30年海星皂苷的研发现况，并且对近15年来海星皂苷的生物活性、提取分离及相关专利等方面取得的研究进展进行梳理，进而为其在营养保健和药物研发中的应用提供相关理论支持。     

蓝指海星Linckia laevigata中次级代谢产物及其生物活性研究进展

对蓝指海星Linckia laevigata中次级代谢产物及生物活性进行了综述。蓝指海星富含甾体皂苷和神经鞘糖脂类化合物,已从中分离鉴定了50余个化合物,其中甾体皂苷为主要化合物。药理活性研究表明,这类甾体皂苷能单独或协同神经生长因子(NGF)诱导PC12细胞神经突的生长,其活性与皂苷上连有的糖基密切相关,尤其是支链上单糖单元的存在提高了其活性。神经鞘糖脂类化合物的糖单元具有极其复杂的结构,限制了其分离与结构鉴定等研究工作。该类化合物能协同NGF诱导PC12细胞神经突的生长。本文对海星皂苷及鞘糖脂类化合物的构效关系研究具有参考价值。     

海星皂苷的研究进展

综述海星皂苷的种类、结构特点、药理活性、提取分离和结构鉴定等方面的研究进展。     

长棘海星中含氮类化学成分研究

目的 研究长棘海星(Acanthaster planci)含氮类化学成分及其对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制活性.方法 综合运用硅胶柱色谱、中压反相ODS柱色谱、半制备高效液相色谱(HPLC)等方法对化学成分进行分离和纯化,根据核磁数据和文献对比进行化合物结构鉴定,并对化合物进行乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性的评价.结果 从长棘海星(Aca...     

海星化学成分的研究进展

海洋无脊椎动物海星中含有大量结构独特的具有生物活性的代谢产物,主要以甾体化合物及其皂苷的形式存在,且具有明显的生理活性和药理作用。本文综述了国内外近年来海星中的甾体化合物及其皂苷的研究进展,为海星的进一步利用以及开发奠定了基础。     

海星中具有生物活性总皂苷的分离纯化

目的利用稻瘟霉生物活性成分跟踪筛选模型,对海星中皂苷进行提取和分离纯化。方法用65%EtOH对粉碎的海星(干)进行回流提取,减压浓缩后均匀分散于水中,用石油醚和正丁醇进行萃取,浓缩正丁醇得海星总皂苷,对其进行稻瘟霉生物活性测试。海星总皂苷粗提物通过正相硅胶、反相硅胶及葡聚糖凝胶LH-20柱层析进行分离纯化。用薄层层析法(TLC)检测把相同的洗脱液收集在一起,得到所需要的有效部位。结果与结论通过稻瘟霉生物活性筛选知海星乙醇粗提物、海星总皂苷均具有抗有丝分裂活性,而石油醚粗提物没有显著的活性。海星总皂苷通过正相硅胶和反相硅胶柱层析分离得到D1～D66个含有海星皂苷的组分,其中D1、D3、D4、D5、D6在TLC上呈现出单一斑点。D2进一步通过葡聚糖凝胶LH-20柱层析进行分离,得到收率约为81.2%的组分a,收率约为3%的组份b。     

砂海星海星皂甙的制备

采用甲醇提取法和乙醇提取法从砂海星提取了海星总皂甙，其产率分别为０．１２％和０．１３％，赠品经理化实验，溶血实验，紫外光谱，红外光谱及质谱分析鉴定，证明提取的为海星皂甙。砂海星海星皂甙熔点为１７１－１７５℃。     

4种海星的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性研究

目的寻找具有降糖活性作用的海星并确定其活性部位。方法首先采用正常和糖尿病小鼠口服糖耐量试验,比较4种海星粗提物改善口服糖耐量的作用,然后利用体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂模型进一步确定具有改善口服糖耐量作用的海星中抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性部位。结果罗氏海盘车粗提物对正常小鼠和糖尿病小鼠餐后0.5、1 h血糖均有显著降低作用,其中的正丁醇部位具有很强的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。结论罗氏海盘车的正丁醇部位具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用。     

Influence of calcinated starfish powder on growth,yield, spawn run and primordial germination of king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii)

This study was undertaken to assess the calcium absorption efficacy of Pleurotus eryngii (king oyster mushroom) in sawdust medium supplemented with starfish powder and to determine the effect of starfish powder as calcium supplement on growth, yield, spawn run and primordial germination of P. eryngii. Optimum calcination of starfish powder was achieved at the temperature ranging from 560.1 to 649.5 °C. A 1% supplementation of starfish powder in sawdust medium did not suppress the growth of P. eryngii. Also the supplementation of 1% calcinated starfish powder to sawdust medium potentially increased the calcium content up to a level of 256.0 ± 16.3 in the fruiting body of P. eryngii without extension of spawn run period and the retardation of the days to primordial germination.     

Possible source of tetrodotoxin in the starfish Astropecten scoparius.

The seasonal variations of toxicity and stomach contents in toxic starfish Astropecten scoparius were detected. The average highest specimen toxicity, expressed as tetrodotoxin (TTX), was 16,821 mouse units (MU). The toxin was composed of TTX only, except April's sample containing mainly TTX along with minor paralytic shellfish poisons. The composition in the stomach of less and more toxic starfish was mainly Veremolpa scabra and Umborium suturale, respectively. The toxicities of U. suturale and V. scabra, found in the starfish stomach were 65 and 33 MU, respectively. For those collected from the coastal waters, U. suturale was toxic with average toxicity value of 77 MU/g, but V. scabra was nontoxic. The toxin in the specimens of U. suturale collected from either the digestive gland of starfish or the coastal waters, was TTX and anhydroTTX only. It indicates that the starfish A. scoparius might mainly accumulate high amount of TTX from U. suturale. Furthermore, both small gastropods U. suturale and Natica psuestes are first reported to contain TTX.     

Antioxidative and anticancer activities of various ethanolic extract fractions from crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci)

Many studies currently researching marine invertebrates to determine the therapeutic potential of their bioactive materials have been showing very promising results. The crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci, an Echinodermata of the class Asteroidea, is infamous as the unique venomous starfish and as a destroyer of coral reefs. Starfish possesses many useful pharmacological and biological characteristics. In this study, A. planci was extracted with 70% ethanol and lyophilized to obtain an ethanol fraction. The ethanol fraction was dissolved with water and defatted with petroleum ether to obtain a non-polar fraction. The residual solution was successively partitioned with ethylacetate and butanol to obtain an ethylacetate fraction and butanol fraction, respectively. Four fractions were used to examine the antioxidant and anticancer properties. The ethanol fraction of A. planci contained the highest antioxidant effects such as ABTS, DPPH, Fe²⁺ chelating activity and reducing power when compared with four fractions. Among the four fractions, the butanol fraction was especially shown to inhibit human malignant melanoma A375.S2 cells’ proliferation, which is involved in the apoptotic progression. This fraction could induce apoptosis and even necrosis in A375.S2 cells as evidenced by double staining with an Annexin V-FITC and PI assay and DNA fragmentation analysis. These results indicated that the starfish A. planci is a good resource for obtaining the biologically active substances for antioxidant and anticancer effects.     

海星甾醇保护樟柳碱处理的小鼠免致学习记忆障碍

海星甾醇〔己二酸 ( 5-雄甾烯 - 1 7-酮 - 3β-羟基 )二酯〕6.4,1 9.2 ,57.6mg·kg-1·d-1ig,每日 1次 ,共 30 d后 ,采用“Y”型迷宫实验 ,跳台实验 ,避暗法测定其对樟柳碱致小鼠学习记忆获得和再现障碍的影响 .结果表明 ,海星甾醇明显缩短 Y型迷宫实验小鼠到达安全区的时间 ,减少跳台实验中的错误次数 ,延长潜伏期 ,延长避暗法实验小鼠进入暗箱的潜伏期 ,减少错误次数 ,2 4 h后重复测试得到类似结果 ,与樟柳碱对照组有显著差别 ,达到或优于正常对照组水平 .结果说明海星甾醇能保护樟柳碱处理的小鼠免致学习记忆获得和再现障碍 .     

Effect of organochlorine pesticides on maturation of starfish and mouse oocytes.

Methoxychlor, lindane, and dieldrin are organochlorine pesticides that have been described as altering different reproductive functions in mammals and in invertebrates. However, few data have been published concerning the effects these pesticides have on oocyte maturation and fertilization. The aim of this study was to determine whether these compounds could affect maturation of mouse and starfish oocytes. We observed that germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in starfish oocytes was significantly inhibited by the pesticides. Furthermore, formation of the first meiotic spindle and extrusion of the first polar body were also altered in mouse as well as in starfish. Our results suggest that the three pesticides act on common intracellular targets in invertebrates as well as in vertebrates.     

Seven new meroditerpenoids, from the marine sponge Strongylophora strongylata, that inhibited the maturation of starfish oocytes

Seven new meroditerpenoids, strongylophorines 13-19 (1-7), have been isolated together with the four known strongylophorines 2 (8), 3 (9), 4 (10), and 8 (11) by a screening method using oocytes of the starfish Asterina pectinifera from a marine sponge Strongylophora strongylata collected at Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan. The structures were assigned according to their spectral data. Ten strongylophorines inhibited the maturation of starfish oocytes in the range 1.1-37.6 μM (IC₅₀), while strongylophorine 4 (10) was not active at 250 μM.     

海洋鞘类脂糖苷的研究进展

海洋鞘类脂糖苷化合物主要来自海绵，海星类海洋生物，总结近20年来海洋生物中鞘类脂糖苷（Glycosphingolipies,GSLs)化合物的研究进展，阐明鞘类脂糖苷化合物化学结构与生物活性的关系。     

Seven new meroditerpenoids,from the marine sponge Strongylophora strongylata,that inhibited the maturation of starfish oocytes

Seven new meroditerpenoids, strongylophorines 13–19 (1–7), have been isolated together with the four known strongylophorines 2 (8), 3 (9), 4 (10), and 8 (11) by a screening method using oocytes of the starfish Asterina pectinifera from a marine sponge Strongylophora strongylata collected at Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan. The structures were assigned according to their spectral data. Ten strongylophorines inhibited the maturation of starfish oocytes in the range 1.1–37.6?μM (IC₅₀), while strongylophorine 4 (10) was not active at 250?μM.