镉对大鼠精子运动参数的影响

目的　观察氯化镉对大鼠精子运动能力的毒性作用。　方法　分别以 0 1、0 2、0 4、0 8mg/kg体重氯化镉溶液腹腔注射大鼠 7d ,klinefelter扩散法收集健康成年雄性SpragueDawley大鼠附睾尾精子 ,应用CASA检测Mot、A级运动精子百分率、B级运动精子百分率、VCL、VSL、VAP、ALH、STR、LIN及WOB等参数。　结果　在 0 1mg/kg·d体重染镉组 ,Mot明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;随着染镉量的增加 ,各运动参数逐渐降低 ;在 0 4mg/kg·d体重染镉组 ,前向运动精子百分率、Mot、VCL、VSL、VAP、ALH和WOB明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ;0 8mg/kg·d体重染镉组各参数与对照组比较差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。　结论　镉对大鼠附睾尾精子的运动有直接毒性效应     

丹参脂溶性提取物护肝作用的实验研究

[目的 ]探讨丹参脂溶性提取物对肝脏的保护作用 .[方法 ]采用四氯化碳及D 氨基半乳糖和内毒素合用建立动物急性肝损伤模型 ,观察正常组、模型组、不同浓度丹参脂溶性提取物给药组动物GOT ,GPT含量的变化 .[结果 ]腹腔注射 2 0 0 ,50 0mg/kg丹参脂溶性提取物可以明显降低因D 氨基半乳糖和内毒素合用所致肝中毒小鼠的血清GOT及GPT水平的升高 ,0 5,1 5g/kg丹参脂溶性提取物降低口服四氯化碳所致肝中毒大鼠的血清中GOT及GPT水平的升高 .[结论 ]丹参脂溶性提取物对于受损的动物肝脏有一定的保护作用     

Changes in tissue metals after cadmium intoxication and intervention with chlorpromazine in male rats

Cadmium(Cd),one of the most dangerous heavy metals,has a very similar ionic radius to calcium(Ca),The interference of cadmium in calcium homeostasis may play an important role in cadmium toxicity.Recent reports indicate that calmodulin(CaM) inhibitors such as trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine(CPZ) could protect rodents against cadmium toxicity,It was also reported that pretreatment of mice with zine(Zn)could reduce the adverse effects induced by cadmium.The aim of this study is to determine whether Cd changes the balance of other essential metals such as Zn and copper(Cu) in rat tissues,and whether CPZ can reverse these changes which are induced by cadmium intoxication.Adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were injected intraperitoneally(ip) with cadmium chloride(CdCl2)(0.2,0.4,0.8mg Cd/kg body wight) alone and 0.4mg Cd/kg in association with CPZ(5mg/kg) daily for a week.The control animals were injected with normal saline only.The results showed that the cadmium content in the liver,kidney,and testis increased significantly with a dose-response relationship.Cadmium treatment markedly increased the Zn and Ca content in some of the tissues,Hepatic and renal metallothionein(MT) increased significantly after cadmium intoxication,CPZ treatment,howerver,reduced cadmium content in liver,but not blood and kidney.CPZ seemed to decrease the content of MT in liver and significantly increase the amounts of MT in kidney.These data suggest that the intervention of cadmium with tissue essential metals may play a role in cadium toxicity in rats,and calmodulin inhibitors to some extent can reduce the adverse effect of cadmium by decreasing the cadmium load in tissues and reversing the unbalance of essetial metals.     

10-姜酚通过Src/STAT3信号通路抑制肝癌HepG2细胞增殖

目的探究蜂胶对Triton-WR1339所致高脂血症的降脂作用及调控脂质代谢机制。方法将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为7组,10 只/组,雌雄各半,分别为正常组、模型组、非诺贝特组（30 mg/kg）、蜂胶HB01 高剂量组（60 mg/kg）、蜂胶HB01 低剂量组（30 mg/kg）、蜂胶HB02高剂量组（60 mg/kg）和蜂胶HB02低剂量组（30 mg/kg）。采用肌肉注射Triton WR-1339试剂造成高脂血症模型,灌胃1周后眼眶取血,离心后测定血清中总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL）、丙二醛（MDA）、总超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷丙转氨酶（GPT）、谷草转氨酶（GOT）等指标;取肝脏组织,置-80 ℃保存,Western blot法测定脂质转运蛋白的表达水平。结果与正常组相比,模型组血清中TC、TG、LDL、MDA、GPT、GOT的含量升高,HDL含量降低、SOD活力下降（P<0.05）。与模型组比较,阳性药（非诺贝特：30 mg/kg）和两种蜂胶（高剂量组：60 mg/kg;低剂量组：30 mg/kg）都能明显降低TC、TG、LDL、MDA、GPT、GOT含量而升高HDL含量,促进SOD活力,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且蜂胶的效果略优于阳性药组。与正常组相比,Triton-WR1339 诱导的模型组肝脏中的ABCA1、ABCG8、低密度脂蛋白和SR-B1 等脂质转运蛋白显著下降,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但阳性药（非诺贝特：30 mg/kg）和蜂胶（高剂量组：60 mg/kg;低剂量组：30 mg/kg）干预后均能逆转这一下降趋势,蜂胶组的干预效果略优于阳性药组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论蜂胶具有显著的降血脂作用,其作用机制与改善肝脏脂质代谢紊乱、调控脂质代谢转运蛋白相关。     

柚皮苷对四氯化碳致亚急性肝纤维化的保护作用

目的探讨柚皮苷时四氯化碳（CCL4）致小鼠亚急性肝纤维化损伤的保护作用。方法小鼠经皮下多次注射CCL4进行亚急性肝纤维化模型的造模,首次注射CCL4的次日进行分组给药：柚皮苷高剂量（30mg／kg）和低剂量（15mg／kg）组,以醋酸地塞米松（2mg／kg）做阳性对照药。给药4周后断颈处死小鼠,分离肝脏、脾脏、胸腺并称重,计算小鼠肝脏、脾脏、胸腺的脏器系数。分离血清检测丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）／谷丙转氨酶（GPT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）／谷草转氨酶（GOT）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）及肝组织中的羟辅氨酸（Hyp）含量。结果多次皮下注射CCL4可明显增加肝脏系数,血清AST／GOT、ALT／GPT、AKP含量以及肝脏羟脯氨酸的含量也增加,显示肝脏有纤维化损伤。柚皮苷高、低剂量均可明显降低四氯化碳导致肝脏系数的升高,同时降低血清AST／GOT、ALT／GPT、AKP含量以及肝脏羟脯氨酸的含量。结论柚皮苷对CCL4所致的小鼠亚急性肝纤维化有一定的保护作用。     

黄芩苷对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

[目的 ]探讨黄芩苷对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用 .[方法 ]采用D 氨基半乳糖及D 氨基半乳糖和内毒素合用建立小鼠急性肝损伤模型 ,测定小鼠血清中GOT ,GPT的含量 .[结果 ]腹腔注射 2 0 0mg/kg或 50 0mg/kg黄芩苷可以明显降低因D 氨基半乳糖及D 氨基半乳糖和内毒素合用所致肝损伤小鼠血清中GOT及GPT含量的升高 .[结论 ]黄芩苷对于受损的小鼠肝脏有一定的保护作用     

鸭跖草对四氯化碳和乙醇所致肝损伤的保护作用

[目的 ]研究鸭跖草水提物对四氯化碳和乙醇所致小鼠肝损伤的影响 .[方法 ]检测四氯化碳及乙醇所致的小鼠急性肝损伤血清中的谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶的活性 .[结果 ]鸭跖草水提物在体内显著降低四氯化碳和乙醇所致小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性的升高 .[结论 ]鸭跖草水提物对小鼠四氯化碳和乙醇所致肝损伤具有保护作用 .     

Mechanisms of apigenin-7-glucoside as a hepatoprotective agent

Objective lxeris chinesis (Thunb.) Ankai has been used as a Chinese folk medicine, but only scanty information is available on the physiological and biochemical functions of the compounds extracted from I. chinesis. In the present study the effects of apigenin -7-glucoside (APIG) isolated from L chinesis against liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were investigated. Methods The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were evaluated by spectrophotography. The content of 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with electrochemical and UV detection methods. The antioxidant activity of APIG was evaluated using chemiluminescence single photon counting technology. Results CC14 significantly increased the enzyme activities of GPT and GOT in blood serum, as well as the level of MDA and 8-OHdG in liver tissue, and decreased the levels of GSH. Pretreatment with APIG was able not only to suppress the elevation of GPT, GOT, MDA and 8-OHdG, and inhibit the reduction of GSH in a dose-dependent manner in vivo, but also to reduce the damage of hepatocytes in vitro. On the other hand, we also found that APIG had strong antioxidant activity against reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion The hepatoprotective activity of APIG is possibly due to its antioxidant properties, acting as scavengers of ROS. These results obtained in vivo and in vitro suggest that APIG has protective effects against hepatic oxidative injury induced by chemicals.Further studies on the pharmaceutical functions and immunological responses of APIG may help its clinical application.     

镉对大鼠前列腺基细胞损伤及锌保护的超微结构观察

目的：研究小剂量氯化镉对大鼠前列腺基细胞的影响及锌的保护和。方法小剂量氯化镉（２ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重）及锌腹腔内注射雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠后小时到６０天及镉锌联合注射后３天、１５天取材，用透射电镜观察其超微结构改变。结果镉注射后４小时基细胞与主细胞之间间隙稍有扩大，镉注射后２４小时，基细胞出现较明显的超微结构改变，３天伴有基细胞核的变化１５天基本恢复，６０天基细胞生长活跃、数量较少。结论镉对大鼠前列腺基细     

亚硒酸钠和维生素E对被动吸烟小鼠精子形态的影响

目的　研究亚硒酸钠和维生素E对被动吸烟小鼠精子形态的保护作用。方法　小鼠置于自制被动吸烟箱中 ,每日吸烟两次 ,用药组小鼠分别给予亚硒酸钠 (0 .3mg/kg)、维生素E(30mg/kg)、亚硒酸钠 (0 .3mg/kg)加维生素E(30mg/kg)灌胃 ,连续 35d。取附睾精子观察精子畸形率 ,测量睾丸、附睾脏器指数 ,光镜下观察睾丸组织显微结构的变化。结果　给药组小鼠精子畸形率显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ,脏器指数没有显著性变化 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,吸烟组睾丸组织的显微结构出现不同程度的改变。结论　亚硒酸钠、维生素E对被动吸烟小鼠精子形态起保护作用。     

当归素对四氯化碳肝损害的保护作用

在 CCl_4肝损害小鼠模型上研究不同剂量当归素(50～200 mg/kg)对肝损害的保护作用。结果表明,当归素50～200 mg/kg 可明显抑制 CCl_4所致小鼠 SGPT和 SGOT 活升高,同时减少肝脏 MDA 生成,这些作用与当归素剂间存在量-效关系 ,其中当归素 100mg/kg 抑制作用最为明显。组织学和超微结构观察亦证实当归素能减轻肝脏病理损害。提示当归素能对抗 CCl_4肝损害,其抗肝损害机理与抑制膜脂质过氧化有关。     

镉染毒对大鼠骨生物力学性能的影响

目的: 探讨镉对大鼠股骨和腰椎生物力学性能的影响。方法: 24只8周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分成4组，分别背部皮下注射生理盐水0.5ml（对照组）和0.1mg/kg bw(低剂量组)，0.5mg/kg bw（中剂量组），1.5mg/kg bw（高剂量组）CdCl2，每周称体重，并根据体重调整注射量。染毒后第12周，收集全血、腰椎及股骨，分别用于血镉测定、骨镉测定、骨密度测定及生物力学测定。结果: 染毒组大鼠体内血镉及骨镉水平明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）；中、高剂量染毒组大鼠骨密度较对照组显著下降（P < 0.05）；染毒组大鼠股骨和腰椎生物力学性能较对照组有不同程度的的降低，其中高剂量染毒组大鼠股骨生物力学性能的下降和对照组相比有显著差异（P < 0.01）；中剂量和高剂量染毒组大鼠腰椎生物力学性能和对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。结论: 镉能影响大鼠股骨和腰椎的生物力学性能，并且腰椎生物力学性能的改变要早于股骨。     

人群环境镉接触肾功能损害剂量反应关系

调查和分析居住在不同程度镉污染区的居民镉摄取量和肾功能的情况。用荧光分析法和石墨炉原子吸收法分别测定尿Ｎ－乙酰－β－氨基葡萄糖苷酶（ＮＡＧ）和尿镉。结果：镉接触人群中高ＮＡＧ尿和高白蛋白尿的发生率随尿镉排泄增高而增高，同时也随镉摄取量的增加而增高，尤以ＮＡＧ表现明显。结论：环境镉接触与人群肾功能损害之间存在着明显的剂量反应关系，而尿ＮＡＧ可作为镉肾损害的早期监测指标。     

Preventive and therapeutic role of vitamin E in chronic plumbism

The ability of vitamin E to prevent or treat experimental lead intoxication was investigated in rats. Lead ingestion (10 mg/kg, lead as lead acetate, orally for 6 weeks) significantly inhibited the activity of blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), reduced the brain dopamine (DA) contents, enhanced the blood zinc protoporphyrin, and enhanced the urinary excretion of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Lead exposure also elevated brain norepinephrine, homovanillic acid, and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) levels and concentration of lead in blood and tissue. Simultaneous supplementation of vitamin E along with lead significantly reduced the inhibition of blood ALAD activity, brain DA and 5-HIAA levels, and elevation of urinary ALA excretion. Blood and liver lead concentrations were also significantly reduced by simultaneous supplementation with vitamin E. Postlead exposure treatment with vitamin E was ineffective in reducing the lead-induced effects, except that the inhibition of blood ALAD activity was slightly reduced. The present results suggest that vitamin E given simultaneously with lead is effective in reducing the severity of lead intoxication.     

蜕皮甾酮对冠状动脉闭塞致大鼠心肌梗死的有益作用及机制

目的 探讨植物有效成分蜕皮甾酮（ecdysteron,EDS)对心肌梗死有益作用,并探讨其机制。方法 采用冠状动脉左前降支结扎致大鼠心肌梗死模型,ip EDS,连续7d。测定血清肌酸磷酸激酶（CPK）、谷草转氨酶（GOT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性、心肌梗死面积、冠状动脉血清、毛细血管密度及血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达量。结果 0．5,5,50mg/kgEDS能剂量能依赖地影响大鼠血清CPK、GOT、LDH活性,以5mg/kg剂量的EDS降低心肌酶谱为最佳。5mg/kgEDS能明显减少心肌梗死面积、增加冠状动脉血流量、毛细血管密度和VEGF表达量。结论 EDS能减轻冠状动脉结扎致心肌梗死,机制在于促进VEGF的表达和毛细血管再生及增加冠状动脉血流量。     

氯化镉腹腔注射对sD大鼠的急性毒性研究

目的观察氯化镉（CdCl2）溶液腹腔注射对大鼠的急性毒性。方法通过预实验找出CdCl,染毒sD大鼠100％和0％死亡的剂量范围,求出正式试验的剂量比,以此等比级差设6个剂量实验组和1个对照组,每组8只大鼠,观察大鼠CdCl2急性中毒情况,采用改良寇氏法测定CdCl2溶液腹腔注射对大鼠的LD50。结果初步显示实验大鼠绝对致死量为26．00mg／kg,最大耐受剂量为11．54mg／kg,镉中毒大鼠一般在8h内死亡,少数在72h内死亡：CdCl2溶液腹腔注射对大鼠的LD50为18．37mg／kg,95％的可信区间是16．56～20．38mg／kg。结论参照我国职业性接触毒物危害程度分级标准,CdCl2为高度危害毒物,为镉化物的大鼠急性毒性补充了新的科学数据。     

Ⅲ.五氧化二钒所致急性肾损与脂质过氧化的关系

给大鼠腹注五氧化二钒(V_2O_5)10mg/kg,每天一次,连续四天,导致明显肾脏损害。染毒两天后,出现尿量、尿钠与钾排泄、尿糖以及尿中ALP、LDH、GOT、GPT酶活性增加;血糖和尿渗透浓度降低。染毒四天后,除上述改变外,还出现尿蛋白、血肌酐和尿素氮增高。主要病理学改变为肾近曲小管细胞变性和坏死。用醋酸锌作为保护剂研究肾损害与脂质过氧化的关系,结果表明,大鼠用锌预处理后,V_2O_5诱导的脂质过氧化和急性肾损同时减轻。提示 V_2O_5诱导的脂质过氧化可能是形成肾损害的机理之一。     

Protection Against Hepatic Ischemia—reperfusion Injury in Rats by Oral Pretreatment With Quercetin

To investigate the possible protection provided by oral quercetin pretreatment against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods:The quercetin(0.13 mmol/kg) was orally administratedin 50 min prior to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury,Ascorbic acid was also similarly administered.The hepatic content of quercetin was assayed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Plasma glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT),glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) activities and malondiadehyde(MDA) concentration were measured as markers of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.Meanwhile,hepatic content of glutathione(GSH),activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) and xanthine oxidase(XO),total antioxidant capacity (TAOC),contents of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and MDA,DNA fragmentation were also determined.Results:Hepatic content of quercetin after intragastric administration of quercetin was increased significantly.The increases in plasma GPT,GOT activities and MDA concentration after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury were reduced significantly by pretreatment with quercetin.Hepatic content of GSH and activities of SOD,GSH-Px and TAOC were restored remarkably while the ROS and MDA contents were significantly diminished by quercetin pretreatment after ischemia-reperfusion injury.However,quercetin pretreatment did not reduce significantly hepatic XO activity and DNA fragmentation.Ascorbic acid pretreatment had also protective effects against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by restoring hepatic content of GSH,TAOC and diminishing ROS and MDA formation and DNA fragmentation.Conclusion.It is indicated that quercetin can protect the liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury after oral pretreatment and the underlying mechanism is associated with improved hepatic antioxidant capacity.     

阿魏酸钠对乙醇损伤性大鼠肝切片的保护作用及机制

目的:采用精密肝切片技术,研究阿魏酸钠(SF)对乙醇损伤性大鼠肝切片的保护作用及机制。方法:制作大鼠乙醇损伤肝切片模型,观察不同浓度SF对切片培养液中肝损伤标志酶及胞浆苯胺羟化酶(ANH)、乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)活性的影响。结果:乙醇50mmol·L-1作用肝切片4h时,培养液中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性明显升高,同时肝切片胞浆ANH活性升高、ADH活性降低。当共处理SF463~1388nmol·L-14h后,培养液中各酶活性显著降低至正常水平,SF浓度增至694nmol·L-1以上时,肝切片胞浆ANH和ADH活性也恢复正常。结论:SF能有效拮抗乙醇所致的肝损伤,其机制与改变乙醇代谢途径有关。     

辛伐他汀治疗肾移植术后高脂血症的临床应用研究

目的 探讨他汀类药物对肾移植术后血脂异常的疗效。方法 将36例术后1年以上的高脂血症患者（血浆胆固醇总量水平＞6.35 mmol/L,低密度脂蛋白＞3.1 mmol/L）作为研究对象。所有患者均采取低脂饮食，测定患者血总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、甘油三酯（TG）、载脂蛋白A（apoA）、载脂蛋白B（apoB）、肌酐（Cr），谷草转氨酶（GOT）及谷丙转氨酶（GPT）等各参数数值；然后给予辛伐他汀10 mg，每晚一次口服，测定用药后1，3，6，12个月后以上各参数值的变化。结果 肾移植术后高脂血症患者LDL较TC增高更为明显；用药后患者TC,LDL,TG,apoB分别于用药后第1,3,6,12个月时均出现显著性下降（P<0. 01），LDL的下降尤为明显；HDL于用药后第12个月时出现显著增高（P<0.05）；其余各项指标无显著变化；结论 辛伐他汀可有效、安全地用于治疗肾移植术后血脂异常。 【关键词】 肾移植 辛伐他汀 高脂血症