脱细胞异体真皮基质预防腮腺切除术后味觉出汗综合征和面部凹陷的临床研究

目的评价脱细胞异体真皮基质(ADM)组织补片预防腮腺切除术后味觉出汗综合征和面部凹陷畸形的临床效果。方法将50例腮腺切除术的患者随机分成组织补片组和对照组,每组各25例。组织补片组腮腺切除术后在腮腺切除创面置入ADM组织补片,对照组行常规腮腺浅叶切除术。术后1年统计2组味觉出汗综合征的主观症状及客观测定阳性例数和患者对面部外形的满意例数。结果术后1年复查时组织补片组和对照组出现味觉出汗综合征主观症状的例数分别为1例和10例,客观测定阳性的例数分别为2例和16例,2组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);2组患者对面部外形的满意例数分别为22例和8例;差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论ADM局部应用对预防腮腺术后味觉出汗综合征及面部凹陷畸形的发生有较好的作用。     

腮腺咬肌筋膜和脱细胞异体真皮基质在预防腮腺手术后Frey综合征中的临床应用

目的：探讨腮腺咬肌筋膜和脱细胞异体真皮基质（ADM）用于腮腺手术后味觉出汗综合征的效果。方法：2005.1～2007.12.收治腮腺良性肿瘤患者58例,随机分为4组：①对照组（A组）15例,单纯行不保留咬肌筋膜的腮腺浅叶或部分浅叶切除术;②保留咬肌筋膜组（B组）15例,在腮腺浅叶或部分浅叶切除术中保留腮腺咬肌筋膜;③ADM组（C组）12例,行不保留咬肌筋膜的腮腺浅叶或部分浅叶切除术后,根据缺损大小植入脱细胞异体真皮;④ADM＋保留咬肌筋膜组（D组）16例,在腮腺浅叶或部分浅叶切除术中保留腮腺咬肌筋膜,并根据缺损大小植入脱细胞异体真皮。所有病例术后随访,进行临床检查及碘-淀粉试验。结果：A组12/15例（80.0%）、B组2/15例（13.33%）、C组2/12例（16.67%）、D组1/16例（1.32%）出现味觉出汗综合征（碘淀粉试验阳性）,D组和B、C组比较,统计学有显著差异（P〈0.05）。结论：在腮腺浅叶或部分浅叶切除术中保留腮腺咬肌筋膜,并根据缺损大小植入脱细胞异体真皮能明显减小味觉出汗综合征的发生率。     

SMAS及胸锁乳突肌瓣在腮腺肿瘤外科中的应用

目的评价面部表浅肌肉筋膜系统(Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System,SMAS)及胸锁乳突肌瓣在腮腺肿瘤外科中应用的临床价值。方法 43例腮腺肿瘤患者,随机分为2组,术中均采用保留面神经和耳大神经,实验组肿瘤切除后以SMAS及胸锁乳突肌瓣覆盖填塞缺损术区,对照组直接关闭创口。结果两组患者均达临床Ⅰ期愈合,无涎瘘发生。实验组Frey's综合征发生率及面部凹陷畸形满意度均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论将SMAS及胸锁乳突肌瓣应用于腮腺肿瘤外科中,有效抑制了Frey's综合征发生率,且远期美容效果较好,具有较高临床应用价值。     

腮腺多形性腺瘤区域性切除术与浅叶切除术的比较研究

目的 比较腮腺多形性腺瘤区域性切除术与浅叶切除术两种术式的术后复发率及并发症发生情况,为临床合理选择术式提供依据.方法 总结1998年1月～2004年6月间收治的腮腺多形性腺瘤61例,其中24例采用腮腺区域性切除术,37例行腮腺浅叶切除术,随访时间3～9年.结果 采用腮腺区域性切除手术的病例术后面瘫、Frey综合征、涎瘘的发生率均低于腮腺浅叶切除术,而肿瘤的复发率无明显差异.结论 区域性切除术手术创伤小,并发症少,还可以保存腮腺一定的功能,可作为腮腺多形性腺瘤临床治疗的首选术式.     

异种脱细胞真皮基质在预防Frey综合征中的应用

目的：探讨异种脱细胞真皮基质在降低腮腺部分切除术后Frey综合征的临床疗效。方法：腮腺部分切除术73例,根据患者意愿分为植入组36例,腮腺切除术后植入异种脱细胞真皮基质,对照组37例,腮腺切除术后不植入任何材料,观察两组患者术后Frey综合征的发生情况。结果：植入组Frey综合征发生率2．78％（1／36）;对照组发生率67．57％（25／37）。两组检验结果,χ2=37．179,p〈0．05,有显著差异。结论：使用异种脱细胞真皮基质可以有效预防Frey综合征的发生。     

胸锁乳突肌瓣在腮腺良性肿瘤手术中的应用

目的:探讨腮腺良性肿瘤切除术同期用胸锁乳突肌瓣修复面部凹陷畸形,及预防味觉出汗综合征的效果。方法:共141例腮腺良性肿瘤患者,行腮腺肿瘤及部分浅叶切除术。其中48例同期行胸锁乳突肌瓣转移修复,另93例未行组织瓣修复。术后6月～3年,观察面部畸形情况,并行碘-淀粉试验检查做客观评价。结果:常规手术组(对照组)均有不同程度的患侧面部凹陷畸形,93例患者中碘-淀粉试验阳性30例,占32.3%;胸锁乳突肌瓣转移组(实验组)面部凹陷均不明显,48例中碘-淀粉试验阳性3例,占14.6%,两组间存在显著差异(x2=7.40,P<0.01)。结论:腮腺良性肿瘤切除术同期行胸锁乳头肌瓣转移修复,可以有效治疗术后面部凹陷畸形及预防Frey's综合征的发生。     

腮腺浅叶多形性腺瘤区域性切除的临床疗效分析

目的探讨腮腺浅叶多形性腺瘤区域性切除的临床效果。方法56例腮腺浅叶多形性腺瘤患者纳入试验组,行肿瘤及瘤体周围腺体区域性切除术。另选56例行肿瘤及腮腺浅叶切除术的腮腺浅叶多形性腺瘤患者纳入对照组。对病历资料进行回顾性研究。比较2组临床疗效及术后涎瘘、面瘫及味觉性出汗综合征发生率。结果随访3个月～5年,试验组均无肿瘤复发,腮腺术区凹陷畸形不明显,腮腺分泌功能均基本正常;对照组亦无肿瘤复发,但均有不同程度的腮腺区凹陷畸形,腮腺均无分泌功能。试验组术后发生涎瘘例数明显少于对照组（χ2=5.23,P〈0.05）,发生面瘫例数明显少于对照组（χ2=16.10,P〈0.05）,发生味觉性出汗综合征例数明显少于对照组（χ2=18.60,P〈0.05）。结论治疗腮腺浅叶多形性腺瘤,肿瘤及瘤体周围腺体区域性切除术优于肿瘤及腮腺浅叶切除术。     

两种手术切口治疗腮腺肿瘤的对比研究

目的介绍一种腮腺肿瘤切除的改良式手术切口,并与传统方法进行临床对比。方法改良的腮腺切除术采用耳屏前面部除皱切口及耳后延续入发髻内切口,在嚼肌筋膜(SMAS)下翻瓣,减少了术后Frey综合征的发生;先解剖面神经总干减少了周围支的损伤,暴露面神经总干后,根据肿瘤的位置,选择性解剖面神经颈面干行腮腺部分切除术,保护腮腺的部分功能;采用蒂在上方的胸锁乳突肌填塞局部减少了术后畸形。结果应用传统术式的36例患者,38.8%出现面神经功能损害,16.2%出现涎瘘,8.3%出现Frey综合征;应用改良术式的6例患者中,无1例出现涎瘘及面神经损伤,随访3～6个月无1例出现Frey综合征,并且局部凹陷轻微,面容美观。结论改良式手术方法切口隐蔽,容易操作,不易损伤面神经周围支,术后并发症少。     

胸锁乳突肌瓣在腮腺良性肿瘤切除术中的应用

目的探讨腮腺良性肿瘤切除术中应用胸锁乳突肌瓣充填术区缺损并预防Frey综合征的效果。方法腮腺良性肿瘤患者120例,随机分为试验组60例、对照组60例。试验组在切除腮腺肿瘤后,转移带蒂胸锁乳突肌瓣充填术区凹陷;对照组在切除腮腺肿瘤后,直接关闭创口。2组随访1．5—5．0年。结果2组患者伤口均1期愈合。对照组创区术后凹陷发生牢为100％（60／60）,Frey综合征发生率为83．33％（50／60）;试验组创区术后凹陷发生率为3．33％（2／60）,Fre）,综合征发生率为11．76％（7／60）。2组间创区术后凹陷差异有统计学意义（χ^2=10．362,P=0．0014）,2组间Frey综合征发生率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=18．154,P=0．0078）。结论胸锁乳突肌瓣可改善腮腺良性肿瘤切除术后的局部凹陷并降低Frey综合征发生率。     

游离和非游离保留表浅肌肉腱膜在降低腮腺肿瘤术后复发及Frey综合征的临床应用

目的:探讨腮腺肿瘤手术患者采用游离或非游离方式保留面部表浅肌肉腱膜系统(SMAS),对降低患者术后肿瘤复发及味觉出汗综合征(Frey综合征)发生率的作用。方法:2010—2012年,在收治腮腺肿瘤患者时,采用随机数字表法,将共90例患者随机分为3组。A组为游离保留SMAS术式、B组为非游离保留SMAS术式、C组为传统手术方法不保留SMAS,每组各30例。对比3组患者术后第6、12、18、24个月的Frey综合征发生率;术后2年随访比较3组患者腮腺肿瘤复发率的差异。结果:主观评价Frey综合征发生率,C组为50%,显著高于B组和A组;B组为23.33%,显著高于A组(3.33%),P<0.05。Frey综合征发生率A组为6.67%、B组为30.00%、C组为66.67%,组间比较C组>B组>A组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组患者术后2年随访,A组复发2例,1例为腮腺混合瘤患者、1例为腺淋巴瘤,复发率为6.67%;B组复发3例,1例低度恶性黏液表皮样癌、2例腺淋巴瘤,复发率为10%;C组复发2例,1例低度恶性黏液表皮样癌患者,1腮腺混合瘤患者,复发率为6.67%。3组患者的术后复发率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组患者腮腺肿瘤复发中位时间比较,差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腮腺肿瘤手术治疗患者采用游离保留SMAS术式,可有效降低术后Frey综合征的发生率,且不增加患者的术后复发率。     

Superficial parotidectomy: technical modifications based on tumour characteristics

AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of partial superficial parotidectomy and tumour enucleation in the surgical management of patients with pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 62 patients were treated for pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid during the years 1995-1999; 17 patients were treated with conventional superficial parotidectomy, whereas 42 patients were subjected to partial superficial parotidectomy. In three patients, tumour size and facial nerve proximity essentially resulted in enucleation of the parotid mass. In partial superficial parotidectomy, only the tumour-bearing area of the gland parenchyma was excised with identification of the main trunk and preservation of the facial nerve division that was adjacent to the tumour site with no need for more extensive facial nerve dissection. RESULTS: There was no incidence of recurrence or facial nerve injury in our group of patients. The incidence of Frey's syndrome was 4.8%.     

Facelift approach with a hybrid SMAS rotation advancement flap in parotidectomy for prevention of scars and contour deficiency affecting the neck and sweat secretion of the cheek

Tumors of the parotid gland are generally be removed by the standard external bayonet-shaped incision approach without reconstruction of the parotid bed. The disadvantage of this approach is frequently an obvious scar affecting the neck and a conspicuous hollow contour around the angle of the mandible in addition to a sweat secretion of the cheek (Frey syndrome). To overcome these disadvantages, especially the facial depressed deformity subsequent to parotid surgery, during the last several years, the author has concentrated on facelift incision used in combination with a hybrid SMAS rotation advancement flap. Twelve patients (7 male; 5 female) ranging in age from 32 to 73 years (mean age, 57.8 years) fulfilled the selection criterion of having a clinically benign discrete parotid lump with a benign preoperative fine-needle cytology result. Parotidectomy was performed using the modified facelift incision in conjunction with the rotation advancement hybrid SMAS flap. All patients were followed up every 3 months during the first year. During follow-up, the patients were specifically asked about their satisfaction with their postoperative appearance and whether they would consent to the operation again. The vascularized hybrid vicryl mesh/SMAS rotation advancement flap is clinically simple to perform and provides satisfactory cosmetic and functional results in patients undergoing conservative parotidectomy and prevents the gustatory sweating. There are no drawbacks to the use of the modified facelift incision to remove tumors of the parotid gland.     

������ͻ�������޸�������������ȱ��48��Ч���۲�

目的    探讨胸锁乳突肌肌瓣即刻修复腮腺肿瘤术后面部凹陷畸形和减少术后味觉出汗综合征（Frey综合征）发生的临床效果。方法    选择2006年1月至2009年1月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院口腔科腮腺肿瘤住院手术患者68例,分为试验组48例、对照组20例。试验组患者按常规“S”切口施行腮腺肿瘤加腮腺浅叶或全叶切除术,同期行胸锁乳突肌肌瓣转移修复术;对照组则不行同期肌瓣修复,经随访对比观察6月至3年。结果    对照组局部凹陷畸形发生率为90%（18／20）,Frey综合征发生率为 55%（11／20）;试验组局部凹陷畸形发生率为16.67%（8／48）,Frey综合征发生率为8.33 %（4／48）,两组间差异有统计学意义（P < 0. 01）。结论    胸锁乳突肌肌瓣转移修复术是一种即刻修复腮腺肿瘤术后面部凹陷畸形和降低Frey综合征发生率的较好方法。     

改良腮腺筋膜瓣术式对预防Frey’s综合征的作用

目的：为了提高腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤区域性切除术的手术效果．减少术后味觉性出汗综合征（Frey’s综合征）的发生。方法：治疗组选择32例腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤行保留腮腺筋膜的区域性切除术，常规筋膜上翻瓣，然后切开筋膜制作腮腺筋膜瓣。切除肿瘤及瘤周部分腺体组织，对位缝合筋膜瓣，复位分层缝合皮瓣。对照组选择30例腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤行常规筋膜上翻瓣的区域性切除术，比较两种术式的手术效果。结果：治疗组的32例病人，无1例发生Frev’s综合征，对照组的30例病人，有6例发生Frey’s综合征（占20％），两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：腮腺筋膜瓣在腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤区域性切除术中的应用，对预防术后Frey＇s综合征的发生有重要的临床作用。     

The incidence of Frey's syndrome.

AIMS: The incidence of Frey's syndrome after parotidectomy greatly varies in the literature. The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence with the help of a new series of patients and to discuss and review the results. PATIENTS: 372 patients (age: 50.7+/-11.6 yrs) underwent unilateral parotidectomy. In 203 subjects the insertion of a sternocleidomastoideus flap in the parotid area was performed intraoperatively. METHODS: Patients were followed-up concerning the clinical presence of gustatory sweating and flushing after secretory stimulation, and were questioned about suffering in everyday life. RESULTS: 86 patients (23.5%) developed Frey's syndrome after an average of 12 months (12.3+/-9.9 months) following parotidectomy. Only 44% of the patients with Frey's syndrome were symptomatic. No benefit concerning Frey's syndrome following application of a sternocleidomastoideus flap was seen. CONCLUSION: Gustatory sweating after parotidectomy must still be regarded as an unpleasant and common complication. Nevertheless, it is more the subjective suffering of the patients than the incidence that makes prevention important.     

Omega incision face-lift approach and SMAS rotation advancement flap in parotidectomy for prevention of contour deficiency and conspicuous scars affecting the neck

To overcome the disadvantages after the surgical removal of tumours of the parotid gland, especially the depressed facial deformity and conspicuous cervical scar formation subsequent to parotid surgery, we have concentrated on omega face-lift incision in combination with an SMAS rotation advancement flap for the last several years using a lazy omega incision. Nine patients (3 male and 6 female) ranging in age from 43 to 68 years (mean age: 56.3 years) fulfilled the selection criterion of having a clinically benign discrete parotid lump with a benign preoperative fine needle cytology result. Parotidectomy was performed using the modified omega face-lift incision in conjunction with the rotation advancement SMAS flap. All patients underwent follow-up every 3 months in the first year. During the follow-up, the patients were specifically asked about their satisfaction with the post-operative appearance and whether they would consent to the operation again. The vascularized SMAS rotation advancement flap is clinically simple to perform and provides satisfactory cosmetic and functional results in patients undergoing conservative parotidectomy. There are no drawbacks in the use of modified face-lift incision to remove tumours of the parotid gland.     

保留腮腺咬肌筋膜的腮腺切除术

目的:探讨在腮腺切除手术的同时保留并重建腮腺咬肌筋膜是否能够有效预防味觉出汗综合征的发生。方法:通过对 31例在腮腺切除术中保留、重建腮腺咬肌筋膜的患者进行术后随访,并采用咀嚼维生素C片诱导及碘 淀粉试验检测,观察术后味觉出汗综合征的发病率。结果:在调查的 31例患者中,仅有 3例患者发现有潮红和出汗现象,较传统腮腺切除术的发病率明显降低,发生率仅为 9. 69%。结论:切除腮腺时保留并重建腮腺咬肌筋膜对术后味觉出汗综合征的预防有显著效果。     

Face-lift approach combined with a superficial musculoaponeurotic system advancement flap in parotidectomy

A standard bayonet-shaped incision with no reconstruction of the parotid bed is usually used for removal of parotid tumours. Its disadvantages are often an obvious cervical scar, a conspicuous shallow contour around the angle of the mandible, and gustatory sweating. We have studied 17 patients with benign parotid tumours, who were treated by superficial parotidectomy with a combination of a face-lift approach and a superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) advancement flap. The patients were followed up every 6 months for 3 years. All patients were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome, and the depression deformity was considerably less. This approach prevented gustatory sweating. We think that this approach is simple and a useful tool in parotidectomy.     

程序化功能性腮腺切除术的初步探讨

目的探讨改良腮腺切除术的临床应用。方法从手术切口、耳大神经保留、面神经解剖、区域性腮腺切除、凹陷性畸形整复和端侧神经吻合术的运用等多个方面对腮腺切除术进行改良。结果随访肿瘤均未见复发,无面瘫及明显味觉出汗综合征,耳周的感觉恢复正常,颌面部基本对称,无明显凹陷性畸形,瘢痕隐蔽。结论可根据患者的个性化情况,程序化地采用功能性腮腺切除术。     

腮腺良性肿瘤部分切除术的临床探讨

目的 观察腮腺良性肿瘤部分切除术与传统腮腺浅叶切除术术后并发症的比较,探讨部分切除术的合理性。 方法 选择腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤患者103例,其中53例采用腮腺部分切除术治疗,在距肿瘤边界0.5~ 1.0 cm 处的正常腺体内切除肿瘤,保留腮腺咬肌筋膜、耳大神经分支。50例采用传统腮腺浅叶切除术。随访0.5~ 5年,观察并比较（卡方检验）2组并发症的发生率及肿瘤复发情况。 结果 腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤部分切除术术后较少出现面部畸形,腮腺功能良好,相对于传统腮腺浅叶切除术组,Frey综合征、口干、耳垂区麻木以及术后暂时性面瘫、涎瘘等术后并发症发生率均明显减少（P＜0.05）。2组患者术后肿瘤均无复发。 结论 腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤部分切除术既能保证腮腺良性肿瘤彻底切除,又可以显著减少各类手术并发症。