连续肾脏替代治疗在肝移植中的应用

目的探讨连续肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)在肝移植术后急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)合并多器官功能不全(MODS)治疗中的应用价值。方法分析连续静脉静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗7例肝移植术后ARF、成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、急性心衰、全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)等患者。3例合并ARDS患者同时进行呼吸机辅助呼吸治疗。结果4例治愈,另3例ARF合并MODS患者死亡。经CVVH治疗后,患者血清中的肌酐、尿素氮、血钾较治疗前降低(P<0.05),凝血酶原时间变化无意义。结论CVVH能有效控制氮质血症和高血钾等高分解状态,而不影响凝血功能。早期应用可以改善肝移植术后ARF、ARDS、充血性心力衰竭、SIRS等MODS患者的预后。     

分子吸附再循环系统对肝移植术早期成功率的影响

目的 探讨影响肝移植术早期成功率的危险因素,总结在肝移植术前应用分子吸附再循环系统(MARS)治疗对术后患者早期生存率的影响。 方法 回顾性分析50例肝移植患者术前80次MARS治疗的临床资料,对有关临床指标进行排序分析;术后生存30d的28例为生存组,死亡6例为死亡组,对部分术前危险因素进行回归分析。 结果 50例患者中免除移植出院8例,移植前死亡8例,34例过渡到移植,移植后死亡6例。单次6 h MARS治疗较大幅度降低患者血清总胆红素、肌酐、尿酸、血氨、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平,同时显著改善系列器官功能衰竭评分(SOFA)(P<0.05);移植术后早期死亡与术前SOFA、肌酐、国际标准化比率(INR)、TNF α和IL-10等存在明显相关性。 结论 术前SOFA、肌酐、INR、TNF α和IL-10水平是移植后早期死亡的主要术前危险因素,术前MARS支持可以显著改善这些危险因素,有效提高移植成功率,甚至避免移植手术。     

肝移植术后早期急性肺损伤危险因素分析

目的分析肝移植术后早期急性肺损伤（ALI）的危险因素,为预防ALI提供依据。方法回顾性分析180例肝移植患者的临床资料,单因素及多因素回归分析肝移植术后发生ALI的危险因素。结果单因素分析发现,MELD评分、术中输血量、术后肺部感染、其他部位感染、肝功能恢复延迟、急性肾功能衰竭与肝移植术后ALI的发生有关。多因素分析提示术中大量输血、术后肺部感染是发生ALI的危险因素。结论术中大量输血、术后肺部感染是ALI发生的危险因素。     

肝移植术后早期急性肺水肿14例临床相关因素分析

目的 探讨肝移植术后早期急性肺水肿的临床相关因素,为临床合理处理提供线索。方法观察我院行肝移植术后急性肺水肿14例患者的术前终末期肝病模型（MELD）评分、手术前后肾功能（尿量、血肌酐）的变化情况;记录移植术中及术后前3d总入量、总出量和液体平衡量。结果肝移植术后急性肺水肿患者（14例）术前MELD评分较非肺水肿组（127例）显著增高（P〈0．01）,且术后死亡率明显上升（P〈0．01）;急性肺水肿患者术前存在肾功能不全,术后血肌酐、尿量延迟恢复;术中、术后液体正平衡显著增加,与非肺水肿组差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论肝移植术后早期急性肺水肿与术前高MELD分值、术前肾功能障碍、术后肾功能延迟恢复及术中大量输液、术后限液不足密切相关,术中、术后严格控制出入量平衡,尽快恢复患者肾功能及相关重要脏器支持是防止肝移植早期急性肺水肿的有效措施。     

老年心脏手术后急性肾损伤发生的危险因素

目的 探讨老年心脏手术后发生急性肾损伤的相关危险因素.方法 回顾性分析行体外循环心脏手术老年患者218例术后发生急性肾损伤的相关因素.结果 术后发生急性肾损伤34例(急性肾损伤组),未发生急性肾损伤184例(非急性肾损伤组).单因素分析显示,术前血肌酐水平升高、术前左室射血分数降低、术前低蛋白血症、术前高血尿酸、体外循环时间延长、主动脉阻断时间延长、术后pH值异常、术后低血压可能导致术后发生急性肾损伤.多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:血肌酐水平、左室射血分数、术前高血尿酸、体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、术后低血压是老年心脏术后发生急性肾损伤的独立危险因素.结论 手术前后应准确评估术后急性肾损伤发生的潜在危险性,对术前血肌酐≥140 μmol/L、左室射血分数＜35％、血尿酸＞430 μmol/L、手术中心肺转流时间和主动脉阻断时间长及术后监测发现低血压者应加强术后监测.     

再次心脏瓣膜置换术后急性肾功能衰竭的危险因素分析

目的:探讨再次心脏瓣膜置换术后急性肾功能衰竭发生的危险因素。方法:回顾272例再次心脏瓣膜置换术患者的临床基本情况、术前肾功能、手术方式、体外循环参数等相关临床资料,通过多因素Logistic回顾分析术后发生急性肾功能损伤的危险因素。结果:272例患者中术后发生急性肾功能衰竭12例。多因素logistic回归分析显示术前合并其他系统疾病(OR=9.104,P=0.029)、急诊手术(OR=90.998,P=0.000)、女性患者(OR=46.449,P=0.016)、术前左心室内径60mm(OR=0.114,P=0.041)是导致患者术后急性肾功能衰竭发生的危险因素。结论:急性肾功能衰竭是再次心脏瓣膜术后最危险的并发症之一,术前积极治疗患者其他系统疾病、选择合理的手术时机,术中尽量缩短体外循环转流时间,术后加强对患者肾功能变化的监测有助于降低肾功能衰竭的发生率。     

肝移植术后患者急性肾损伤危险因素及严重程度分析

目的分析肝移植术后患者急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury, AKI)的危险因素及AKI严重程度的影响因素。方法收集2005年1月—2015年8月在我中心进行肝移植手术患者,排除术前AKI患者,共入组469例,对该组患者术前、术中、术后影响AKI的危险因素及术后4周时的转归进行分析、研究。结果 469例患者中,术后发生AKI者274例(AKI组),无AKI者195例(非AKI组),发病率为58.4%。受体身体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)、术前肌酐水平、冷缺血时间、手术时间、下腔静脉阻断时间、术后乳酸峰值、术后AST峰值等均是发生AKI的危险因素。术后4周AKI组20.4%患者肾功能仍然异常,病死率为3.6%,较非AKI组明显升高(P=0.027)。结论肝移植术后发生AKI的影响因素较多,受体BMI、术前肌酐水平、阻断下腔静脉时间、手术时间、术后乳酸峰值、术后AST峰值均是发生AKI的独立危险因素。术后4周AKI组患者肾功能异常及病死率较非AKI组均明显升高。     

合并肾功能衰竭的肝移植患者接受肾脏替代治疗的价值

目的 回顾性分析合并急性肾功能衰竭的肝移植受体移植术前的危险因素,并探讨肾脏替代治疗(RRT)作为其移植前过渡治疗措施的价值. 方法收集2001年1月-2008年1月在卫生部移植医学工程技术研究中心由于急性肾功能衰竭而接受RRT的肝移植受体患者,依据不同预后对肝移植受体的临床特征进行分组对比分析;按接受不同RRT种类对肝移植受体的临床特征进行分组对比分析.用逻辑回归法分析能预测合并肾功能衰竭肝移植受体病死率的指标.对数据进行f检验、χ2检验、Logistic回归分析.结果 在接受RRT的患者中,有31.25%的患者因为肝移植而生存或者出院,68.75%的患者在等待移植期间死亡.死亡组患者与移植组相比,有更高的多器官功能障碍评分(4.98±2.32与4.45±2.02,P=0.008)、更低的平均动脉压[(56.5±7.1)mm Hg与(65.4±12.9)mm HgP=0.040;1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa].RRT的平均治疗天数在连续性肾脏替代治疗组和间歇血液透析组之间的差异没有统计学意义.与间歇血液透析组相比,连续性肾脏替代治疗组有更高的多器官功能障碍评分(4.82±2.12与3.45±1.91,P=0.040)、更低的平均动脉压[(56.0±14.2)mm Hg与(68.5±15.3)mm Hg,P=0.002]、更低的血清肌酐浓度[(320.12±185.15)μmol/L与(420.55±158.32)μmol/L,JP=0.008].肾功能衰竭受体术前平均动脉压越低,则死亡风险越高. 结论对患有急性肾功能衰竭的肝移植受体应用RRT是可取的.尽管病死率仍高,但可使部分患者得以肝移植而生存.     

心内直视手术后的肾功能衰竭

作者报道490例术前血清肌酐≤1.5毫克%的心内直视手术患者,其中150例术后并发肾功能衰竭。本文分析引起肾功能衰竭的术前、术中和术后因素。全部病例的心肺转流均用滚压式泵和鼓泡式氧合器     

腹腔镜肾癌根治术患者术后对侧肾脏慢性肾脏病发病的危险因素及其预测效能

目的 分析腹腔镜肾癌根治术（Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, LRN）患者术后对侧肾脏慢性肾脏病（Chronic kidney disease,CKD）发病的危险因素及其预测效能。方法 122例肾细胞癌患者，均行LRN，根据术后是否发生对侧肾脏CKD分为CKD组36例和非CKD组86例，采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析法分析LRN患者术后对侧肾脏CKD发病的危险因素，绘制受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析相关危险因素对肾细胞癌患者LRN术后对侧肾脏CKD的预测效能。结果 CKD组和非CKD组年龄、体质量指数（BMI）、术前健侧肾脏肾小球过滤（GFR）、术前总GFR、术后第1天血清肌酐上升值、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）及淋巴细胞/单核细胞比值（LMR）比较，P均<0.05。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，术前健侧GFR、术前总GFR、术后第1天血清肌酐上升值、NLR、LMR是肾细胞癌患者LRN术后对侧肾脏CKD发病的独立危险因素（P均<0.05）。术前健侧GFR、术前总GFR、术后第1天血清肌酐上升值、NLR、LMR单...     

Multivariate regression analysis on early mortality after orthotopic liver transplantation

AIM: To identify the risk factors relating to early mortality after orthotopic liver transplantation.METHODS:Clinical data of 37 adult patients undergoing liver transplantation were retrospectively collected and divided into two groups: the survived group and the death group (survival time<30 d). The relationship between multivariate risk factors and early mortality after orthotopic liver transplantation were analyzed by stepwise logistic regression. RESULTS: The survival rate was 73%. Early mortality rate was 27%. APACAE III, preoperative serum creatinine level and interoperative bleeding quantity had a significant independent association with early mortality. (R=0.1841, 0.2056 and 0.3738). CONCLUSION: APACHE III,preoperative serum creatinine level and interoperative bleeding quantity are significant risk factors relating to early mortality after orthotopic liver transplantation.To improve the recipient's preoperative critical condition and renal function and to reduce interoperative bleeding quantity could lower the early mortality after orthotopic liver transplantation.     

Liver transplantation for acute liver failure.

Under conservative management, the mortality rate of acute liver failure is very high. Liver transplantation is an established life-saving therapy, offering survival rates between 60 and 90%. The decision for liver transplantation should be based on prognostic criteria, including patient's age, aetiology of liver disease, degree and onset of encephalopathy, serum bilirubin, prothrombin time or international normalized ratio (INR), serum creatinine, factor V level and arterial pH. Auxiliary liver transplantation is becoming an attractive treatment modality, allowing temporary bridging of liver function until recovery of the native liver. For children with acute liver failure, living related transplantation represents an additional option. In adult patients, living donation is not yet established since the maximum extent of liver resection safely tolerated and the amount of liver tissue necessary for sufficient graft function is still a matter of debate.     

Prognostic factors for fatal outcomes prior to receiving liver transplantation in patients with non-acetaminophen-related fulminant hepatic failure

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Many patients continue to die due to the rapid development of cerebral edema and/or multiple organ failure prior to receiving a liver transplantation. METHODS: We investigated the prognostic factors associated with 1-week fatal outcomes after the diagnosis of fulminant hepatic failure, which were associated with fatal outcomes prior to receiving liver transplantation, in 104 patients with non-acetaminophen-related fulminant hepatic failure. RESULTS: With a multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (>40 years), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and plasma prothrombin activities (40 years), cause of fulminant hepatic failure (viral hepatitis), plasma prothrombin activity (相似文献   

Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure

The successful use of orthotopic liver transplantation in fulminant hepatic failure has created a need for early prognostic indicators to select the patients most likely to benefit at a time when liver transplantation is still feasible. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed on 588 patients with acute liver failure managed medically during 1973-1985, to identify the factors most likely to indicate a poor prognosis. In acetaminophen-induced fulminant hepatic failure, survival correlated with arterial blood pH, peak prothrombin time, and serum creatinine--a pH less than 7.30, prothrombin time greater than 100 s, and creatinine greater than 300 mumol/L indicating a poor prognosis. In patients with viral hepatitis and drug reactions three static variables [etiology (non A, non B hepatitis or drug reactions), age less than 11 and greater than 40 yr, duration of jaundice before the onset of encephalopathy greater than 7 days] and two dynamic variables (serum bilirubin greater than 300 mumol/L and prothrombin time greater than 50 s) indicated a poor prognosis. The value of these indicators in determining outcome was tested retrospectively in a further 175 patients admitted during 1986-1987, leading to the construction of models for the selection of patients for liver transplantation.     

Indication of liver transplantation following amatoxin intoxication

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Indication of liver transplantation in acute liver failure following amatoxin intoxication is still uncertain. METHODS: One hundred and ninety-eight patients were studied retrospectively. The laboratory parameters alanine-aminotransferase, serum bilirubin, serum creatinine and prothrombin index were analyzed over time. Predictors of fatal outcome and survival were determined by receiver-operating-characteristic and sensitivity-specificity analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients died in the median 6.1 days (range, 2.7-13.9 days) after ingestion. Using a single parameter as predictor of fatal outcome the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve of prothrombin index (0.96) and serum creatinine (0.93) were both significantly greater (P<0.05) compared with serum bilirubin (0.82) and alanine-aminotransferase (0.69). Prediction of fatal outcome had an optimum, if a prothrombin index less than 25% was combined with a serum creatinine greater than 106 micromol/l from day 3 after ingestion onwards (sensitivity 100%, 95% confidence interval 87-100; specificity 98%, 95% confidence interval 94-100). The median time period between the first occurrence of this predictor in non-survivors and death was 63h (range, 3-230h). CONCLUSIONS: A decision model of liver transplantation following amatoxin intoxication using prothrombin index in combination with serum creatinine from day 3 to 10 after ingestion enables an early and reliable assessment of outcome.     

连续肾脏替代治疗对肝移植术后感染的治疗作用

目的探讨连续性肾脏替代治疗（CRRT）对肝移植感染急性肾功能衰竭的治疗作用。方法回顾性分析36例肝移植术后感染的病例，其中急性肾功能衰竭24例，15例接受了CRRT治疗，观察其死亡率、治疗前后生命体征、血流动力学、血电解质和酸碱平衡、肝、肾功能变化和副作用。结果CRRT能降低肝移植感染急性肾功能衰竭死亡相对危险度（RR=1．00，95％CI0．02～50．40），改善患者生命体征和血流动力学（P〈0．05），纠正电解质和酸碱平衡紊乱（P〈0．05），改善肝、肾功能（P〈0．05），治疗过程中，副作用少，患者耐受性好。结论CRRT可望成为肝移植感染急性肾功能衰竭的有效治疗方法之一。