婚姻状态对肺癌患者生存预后的影响—基于SEER数据库的研究

目的 研究婚姻状况是否是影响肺癌患者生存预后的独立因素。方法 采用Kaplan-Meier法对性别、年龄、种族、手术与否、肿瘤不同分化程度、TNM分期以及不同婚姻状态七个因素做单因素生存率分析；Cox多因素分析研究不同婚姻状态下肺癌患者的全因死亡率变化。结果 已婚患者的生存率（34.5%）在单因素分析下均优于单身组（28.9%）、丧偶组（28.3%）以及离异或分居组（32.6%），多因素分析亦如此。结论 婚姻状态是肺癌患者生存预后的影响因子之一。     

Prostate Cancer Incidence in Turkey: An Epidemiological Study

Background: This study aimed to determine the incidence of prostate cancer in Turkey in a population-basedsample, and to determine clinical and pathological characteristics of the cases. Materials and Methods: Allnewly diagnosed prostate cancer patients were included in this national, multi-centered, prospective and noninterventionalepidemiological registry study conducted in 12 cities representing the 12 regions of Turkey fromJuly 2008 to June 2009. The population-based sample comprised 4,150 patients with a recent prostate cancerdiagnosis. Results: Age-adjusted prostate cancer incidence rate was 35 cases per 100,000 in Turkey. At the timeof diagnosis, median age was 68, median PSA level was 10.0 ng/mL. Digital rectal examination was abnormal in36.2% of 3,218 tested cases. Most patients had urologic complaints. The main diagnostic method was transrectalultrasound guided biopsy (87.8%). Gleason score was ≤6 in 49.1%, 7 in 27.8% and >7 in 20.6% of the cases.There was a statistically significant positive correlation between serum PSA level and Gleason score (p=0.000).The majority of patients (54.4%) had clinical stage T1c. Conclusions: This is the first population-based nationaldata of incidence with the histopathological characteristics of prostate cancer in Turkey. Prostate cancer remainsan important public health concern in Turkey with continual increase in the incidence and significant burdenon healthcare resources.     

肺癌描述性流行病学研究

研究、描述天津市及全球肺癌的流行现状。天津市肺癌男女性标化发病率分别为４４．５０／１０万和３３．７／１０万，均占第一位，在世界范围内１６６个有肿瘤登记的地区人群中，男性为第１０９位，女性为１５位，也属高发的地区。近２０年来，肺癌发病率呈上升的趋势，特别在女性中更为明显。可以预测，由于我国环境污染和吸烟问题近期不能解决，肺癌发病率将会进一步升高。     

全球女性乳腺癌流行情况研究

女性乳腺癌已成为全球女性中,发病和死亡均居首位的恶性肿瘤,严重危害女性生命健康.不同地区乳腺癌发病和死亡负担各不相同.乳腺癌发病呈现发达地区高,欠发达地区低;城市高于农村的特点.在发达地区,乳腺癌的发病年龄相对较晚,而欠发达地区乳腺癌的发病年龄较早.该文以最新数据就世界乳腺癌流行病学情况作一综述,以期为今后乳腺癌的防治策略提供病因依据和理论支持.     

Cancer Incidence in Jordan from 1996 to 2009 - A Comprehensive Study

Background: Cancer is a major health problem facing the entire world, and Jordan is no exception. However,patterns of cancer incidence and cancer burden in Jordan have never been explored thoroughly, and the aim ofthis study was to close this knowldege gap. Materials and Methods: The study was based on data obtained fromthe Jordan cancer registry from 1996 to 2009. All cancer cases that were diagnosed during the study period wereregistered and included in this study. Results: A total of 51,626 cases were registered in Jordan during the 14- yearperiod. The incidence rate showed no significant increase in males (percent change PC 6.8%), while in females amarked increase was observed (PC 14.8%). The major cancer sites for males were bronchus and lung, colorectal,bladder, leukemia and prostate. In females, the leading cancer sites were breast, colorectal, leukemia, thyroidand NHL. Conclusions: Compared to other countries in the region, Jordan has comparable rates. On the otherhand the rates of cancer are markedly lower in Jordan compared to more industrialized countries such as theUS and Europe. There was an overall increase in the incidence of cancer in Jordan, especially among females,which stresses the need for programs to raise awareness on the importance of early diagnosis and preventivelife style measures.     

Epidemiological Studies of Geographic Variations of Cancer Incidence in Sweden: Choice of variables and statistical units

The Swedish Cancer-Environment Registry has been used for studies of the parts of cancer incidences and of their variations between subpopulations, which, in a statistical sense, can be 'explained' by environmental variables. In previous studies the dependence of age-standardized incidences in municipalities (279 in Sweden) on population density, socio-economic variables, smoking habits and a variable for 'diagnostic intensity', assumed to allow for variations in under-diagnosing and under-reporting, was studied in, i.a., multiple-regression analyses. Due to intrinsic variation in potentially etiologic factors and in size, municipalities are less suitable as geographic units. Therefore a system was developed to build up, from parishes (about 2600), pseudo-municipalities standardized with respect to size and some environmental variable(s), in the present study population density. This paper shows, for a number of cancer diseases and for total cancer, the superiority of pseudo-municipalities to municipalities with respect to power of explaining variation and, preliminarily, also incidence.     

中国11市县肿瘤发病和死亡登记资料统计分析（1988年—1992年）

目的：研究我国肿瘤登记资料,掌握人群肿瘤发病,死亡规律和特征。方法：根据国际癌症研究中心和国际癌症登记协会推荐的肿瘤登记方法,结合我国肿瘤浒病学研究的具体情况和需要,汇集,整理,审核和分析了我国１１市县肿瘤登记处１９８８年－１９９２年的肿瘤发病和死亡资料。结果：研究期间的内,１１市县肿瘤登记处覆盖人群合计１０６１８３１７３人年,肿瘤新病例２１２５０２例,死亡病例１５３９３４例。通过审核合格进行入分     

浙江省肿瘤登记地区结直肠癌流行趋势

[目的]分析浙江省肿瘤登记地区结直肠癌的发病、死亡及变化趋势。[方法]对浙江省6个肿瘤登记地区2000~2009年结直肠癌发病、死亡资料进行分析,分别计算发病率、死亡率、中国人口标化率（中标率）、世界人口标化率（世标率）,2000~2009年发病率和死亡率变化趋势采用年度变化百分比（APC）估计。[结果]2000~2009年结直肠癌发病率为30.24/10万（男性33.28/10万,女性27.11/10万）,中标率15.54/10万,世标率20.42/10万,构成比11.14%,居全部恶性肿瘤发病的第3位。发病高峰出现在80~岁年龄组,达170.86/10万。结直肠癌死亡率为12.31/10万（男性13.53/10万,女性11.05/10万）,中标率5.57/10万,世标率7.70/10万,构成比7.76%,居全部恶性肿瘤死亡的第4位。男、女性死亡的高峰年龄分别为为85岁以上组和80~岁组。2000~2009年,结直肠癌发病率、死亡率均呈上升趋势,APC分别为3.76%、4.40%。[结论]浙江省结直肠癌的发病率和死亡率均呈上升趋势,提示应该进一步加强结直肠癌的防治工作,高龄人群应作为结直肠癌防治的重点对象。     

Comparison of Cancer Incidence in Iran and Iranian Immigrants to British Columbia,Canada

Migrant studies provided strong evidence about the role of environment and life style in cancer risk. Iran has ‍experienced many immigrants to other countries with different cultures and environment. This study compares ‍cancer incidence rates in Iran, Iranian immigrants to British Columbia (BC), Canada, and the BC general population. ‍Cancer incidence rates were computed from two population-based cancer registries in Iran and from the BC cancer ‍registry. A listing of common Iranian surnames and given names was produced to identify Iranian immigrants ‍within the BC cancer registry. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) were calculated using mid year census data. The ‍overall cancer incidence rate for Iranian female immigrants was intermediate between rates for Iran and the BC ‍general population, and the rate for Iranian male immigrants was lower as compared to the other population groups. ‍For female Iranian immigrants, the incidence of breast cancer was increased four-fold, and for colorectal cancer ‍two-fold, as compared to Iranian rates. A dramatic decrease was found in the incidence of both stomach and ‍oesophageal cancers for Iranian immigrants of both sexes. For male Iranian immigrants, the incidence of prostate ‍cancer was increased as compared to Iranian rates. Differences in incidence rates of specific cancers were observed ‍between BC Iranian immigrants and Iran, with cancer patterns in Iranian immigrants being more similar to the BC ‍general population. This warrants further investigation into differences in lifestyle and cancer detection ‍     

Component Analysis of Esophageal Cancer Incidence inKazakhstan

Esophageal cancer (EC) incidence rates in Kazakhstan were assessed by component analysis based on primaryregistered cases in 2001-2010. It was found that despite an apparent general decrease in the number of ECpatients in Kazakhstan, a potential increase should be evaluated, due to changes in aging as well as the increasein population. Some problems of EC patients’ registration were broached with an emphasis on the importance ofthe expected absolute number and reasons for undercounting in the country. Based on these, ways of improvingthe recording and registration of such patients in the country were suggested.     

广州市2005～2013年肺癌发病趋势分析

目的分析广州市2005~2013年肺癌发病趋势,为广州市肺癌防治措施的制定提供依据。方法根据广州市2005~2013年肿瘤登记处收集的发病资料以及相应的人口数据,分别计算肺癌的性别、年龄别发病率、年龄调整发病率（世标率）、年度变化百分比（APC%）,同时描述2005~2013年期间各年度肺癌的发病变化趋势。结果广州市2005-2013年肺癌发病共34873例,肺癌粗发病率和世标率分别为49.27/10万（其中男性65.44/10万,女性32.55/10万）和34.94/10万（其中男性49.68/10万,女性21.53/10万）。肺癌发病率随年龄增高而增长,在40岁开始迅速上升,80~84岁年龄组达到发病高峰为380.46/10万,85岁以上年龄组回落到307.08/10万。广州市2005~2013年肺癌粗发病率呈平稳增长态势,年度变化百分比为1.21%（95%CI:0.30%~2.10%）,粗发病率变化趋势有统计学差异（P<0.05）。世标率呈平稳下降态势,年度变化百分比为-1.16%（95%CI:-1.90%~-0.40%）,世标率变化趋势有统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论广州市2005-2013年肺癌粗发病率发病呈平稳增长趋势,主要原因是人口老龄化造成的,应积极加强有效的防治措施。     

全球癌症发病与死亡流行现状和变化趋势

癌症作为全球第二大常见死亡原因,已成为当前全球共同面对的持续性公共卫生挑战.不同国家和地区、不同癌症类型的发病率和死亡率具有一定差异,这与经济发展水平、生活方式和环境因素等密切相关.已有大量流行病学研究集中在癌症负担、流行模式、病因学及其预防等方面,这对于国家制定以医学证据为基础的癌症防治方针和政策以及保护人口健康至关...     

Association Between Primary Payer Status and Survival in Patients With Stage III Colon Cancer: An National Cancer Database Analysis

Background

Colon cancer is the third most frequent cancer diagnosis, and primary payer status has been shown to be associated with treatment modalities and survival in cancer patients. The goal of our study was to determine the between-insurance differences in survival in patients with clinical stage III colon cancer using data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Stage Migration and Lung Cancer Incidence After Initiation of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening

IntroductionDespite evidence from clinical trials of favorable shifts in cancer stage and improvements in lung cancer-specific mortality, the effectiveness of lung cancer screening (LCS) in clinical practice has not been clearly revealed.MethodsWe performed a multicenter cohort study of patients diagnosed with a primary lung cancer between January 1, 2014, and September 30, 2019, at one of four U.S. health care systems. The primary outcome variables were cancer stage distribution and annual age-adjusted lung cancer incidence. The primary exposure variable was receipt of at least one low-dose computed tomography for LCS before cancer diagnosis.ResultsA total of 3678 individuals were diagnosed with an incident lung cancer during the study period; 404 (11%) of these patients were diagnosed after initiation of LCS. As screening volume increased, the proportion of patients diagnosed with lung cancer after LCS initiation also rose from 0% in the first quartile of 2014 to 20% in the third quartile of 2019. LCS did not result in a significant change in the overall incidence of lung cancer (average annual percentage change [AAPC]: −0.8 [95% confidence interval (CI): −4.7 to 3.2]) between 2014 and 2018. Stage-specific incidence rates increased for stage I cancer (AAPC = 8.0 [95% CI: 0.8–15.7]) and declined for stage IV disease (AAPC = −6.0 [95% CI: −11.2 to −0.5]).ConclusionsImplementation of LCS at four diverse health care systems has resulted in a favorable shift to a higher incidence of stage I cancer with an associated decline in stage IV disease. Overall lung cancer incidence did not increase, suggesting a limited impact of overdiagnosis.     

A Population-Based Study of Incidence and Survival of 1588 Thymic Malignancies: Results From the California Cancer Registry

BackgroundThymic malignancies are rare and there are limited contemporary population-based epidemiological studies for this uncommon cancer.Patients and MethodsAdults aged 20 years and older diagnosed with thymic malignancies between 1988 and 2015 were identified from the California Cancer Registry (n = 1588). Trends in age-adjusted incidence rates were examined overall and according to race/ethnicity, and the proportion diagnosed according to stage was evaluated over time. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS), and Fine and Gray competing risks regression for cause-specific survival (CSS).ResultsAge-adjusted incidence increased on average 2.08% per year over the study period (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30%-2.86%; P < .0001), with an incidence of 0.277 cases per 100,000 in 2015. Incidence was highest among Asian/Pacific Islander and non-Hispanic black individuals. The proportion of unknown stage at diagnosis declined as localized diagnoses increased over time. Compared with patients with thymoma, those with thymic carcinoma had significantly worse OS (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.33-2.01; P < .0001) and CSS (subdistribution HR, 2.99; 95% CI, 2.29-3.91; P < .0001). Advanced stage at diagnosis was also associated with worse survival. Surgical intervention was associated with better prognosis for patients with localized (HR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.02-0.30; P = .0002) or regional disease (HR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.06-0.34; P < .0001).ConclusionThymic malignancy incidence is increasing in California. There was incidence variation across race/ethnicity, which warrants future study. These findings provide contemporary insight into the incidence and prognostic factors of thymic malignancies.     

杭州市2004～2005年恶性肿瘤发病状况分析

[目的]了解杭州市恶性肿瘤的发病及分布情况。[方法]利用2004～2005年杭州肿瘤登记处报告资料，分析肿瘤粗发病率和中国人口标化发病率。[结果]杭州市恶性肿瘤粗发病率为244．44/10万，其中男、女性粗发病率分别为273．68／10万和208．02／10万。杭州市恶性肿瘤中国人口标化率为178．52／10万；其中男、女性中国人口标化率分别为194．96／10万和159．32／10万。前5位恶性肿瘤为肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、直肠癌。市区发病率295．12／10万，郊县发病率158．28／10万。[结论]恶性肿瘤是威胁杭州市居民健康的重要因素．预防和控制恶性肿瘤的发生是当前卫生工作的重要任务。     

Incidence of Cancer in Basrah: Results of a Household Survey

Background: Cancer is a major health problem at global level. It is increasingly registered in Iraq andBasrah but the epidemiological situation, though becoming better documented, is still questionable regardingthe adequacy of data. Objective: The study aimed to measure the incidence of cancer in Basrah. Materialsand Methods: The results presented in this paper are part of a large household survey carried out in Basrahgovernorate-southern Iraq over a 12 month period (January to December 2013). It involved a detailed interviewwith adult respondents from each and every household enrolled in the study during a three-year recall periodabout the incidence of cancer. A total of 6,999 households were covered yielding 40,684 persons. Results: Thetotal number of new cancer cases reported over the three- year recall period (2010-2012) was 112. The averageannual incidence rate of all cancers was 91.8 per 100,000 population with a higher rate for females (109.7)compared to males (74.3) The overall age standardized rate was 150.7 per 100,000. The highest incidence rate wasrecorded for the Southern part of the governorate (Abul-Khasib and Fao ) at 138.8 per 100,000 and the lowestwas for East of Basrah (Shatt-Arab District) at 78.0 per 100,000. With respect to cancer types, the main cancerswere those of breast, lung, larynx-pharynx, leukaemia, colon-rectum and urinary bladder. These six cancersaccounted for 51.5% of all reported cases. Other important cancers were those of brain, bones, pancreas andliver, accounting for a further 17.9%. Conclusions: The pattern of cancer in Basrah is generally similar to thepattern at the national level in terms of age, sex and topography but the incidence rate according to the presenthousehold survey is higher than any previously reported figures. Household surveys for cancer seem feasiblealbeit difficult and costly.     

Prostate Cancer in Iran: Trends in Incidence and Morphological and Epidemiological Characteristics

Background: Prostate cancer is second most common cancer in men overall in the world, whereas it is the third most common cancer in men and the sixth most common cancer in Iran. Few studies have been conducted on the epidemiology of prostate cancer in Iran. Since ethnicity of Iranian men is different from Asian people and given the epidemiologic and demographic transition taking place in Iran, this study aimed to investigate trends of incidence and morphology of prostate cancer during 2003 - 2008 in the country. Materials and Methods: Data were collected retrospectively reviewing all new prostate cancer patients in the Cancer Registry Center of the Health Deputy for Iran during a 6-year period. Also carcinoma, NOS and adenocarcinoma, NOS morphology were surveyed. Trends analysis of incidence and morphology was by joinpoint regression. Results: During the six years a total of 16,071 cases of prostate cancer were recorded in Iran. Most were adenocarcinomas at 95.2 percent. Trend analysis of incidence (ASR) There was a significant increase incidence, with annual percentage change (APC) of 17.3% and for morphology change percentage trends there was a significant decrease in adenocarcinoma with an APC of -1.24%. Conclusions: Prostate cancer is a disease of older men and the incidence is increasing in Iran. The most common morphology is adenocarcinoma this appears to be decreasing over time. Due to the changing lifestyles and the aging of the population, epidemiological studies and planning assessment of the etiology of prostate cancer and its early detection are essential.     

中山市2010年恶性肿瘤发病分析

[目的]分析2010年中山市恶性肿瘤发病概况,为中山市恶性肿瘤防治提供科学依据。[方法]收集整理2010年中山市恶性肿瘤发病资料,统计分析其发病例数、发病粗率、中国与世界人口标化发病率、发病构成比等指标。[结果]2010年中山市恶性肿瘤发病粗率为227．30／10万。中标率为153．05／10万,世标率为195．94／10万;男性分别为273．55／10万、191．17／10万和248．53／10万,女性分别为181．40／10万、119．07／10万和149．91／10万。男性发病前5位恶性肿瘤依次是肺、肝、鼻咽、食管和结肠癌,女性依次是肺、乳腺、宫体、结肠和鼻咽癌。[结论]2010年中山市恶性肿瘤发病总体居国内中等水平,而鼻咽癌和女性宫体癌发病居较高水平．应加强防治。