Retroperitoneoscopic pyeloplasty: Using reconstructive methods based on intraoperative findings

AIM: Reconstructive laparoscopic procedures have been recognized as a less invasive treatment than conventional open procedures. However, although the laparoscopic pyeloplasty has also been accepted as useful, few findings have been reported relevant to the retroperitoneal approach. To elucidate its effectiveness and safety, laparoscopic surgery via the retroperitoneal approach was examined in our institution. Furthermore, the importance of laparoscopic observation for ureteropelvic junction and urine passage ureteropelvic junction without indwelling ureteral stent. METHODS: Between July 1998 and December 2004, 13 men and 15 women underwent laparoscopic retroperitoneal surgery for ureteropelvic junction obstruction. The mean patient age was 33.6 years (range: 13-70 years). Methods of repair were determined by intraoperative findings for the relationship between the ureteropelvic junction and surrounding vessels. An indwelling ureteral stent was removed before initiating laparoscopic operation to observe the relationship between ureteropelvic junction and aberrant vessels more precisely. RESULTS: An aberrant renal vessel was found in 13 patients (46%). Dismembered pyeloplasty was carried out in 21 patients, Y-V plasty in five patients and Hellstrom technique in two patients. Ureteral transposition was not required in dismembered pyeloplasty cases. All patients achieved retroperitoneoscopic pyeloplasty without open conversion. The mean operative time was 272 min (range: 155-490 min). The mean estimated blood loss was 44 mL (range: 10-200 mL). No major complications were observed during the intraoperative period, but urinary tract infection occurred in two patients in the postoperative period. In all patients except one, obstruction was improved or resolved. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic retroperitoneal surgery is not only able to repair ureteropelvic junction obstruction, but can also be done safety and less invasively. We believe that laparoscopic observation without indwelling stent will contribute to a more appropriate choice of pyeloplasty.     

EXTRAPERITONEAL LAPAROSCOPIC PYELOPLASTY: A MULTICENTER STUDY OF 55 PROCEDURES

PURPOSE: We assessed the feasibility, reproducibility and morbidity of retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 55 retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasties were performed at 3 institutions between September 1996 and May 2000 in 33 women and 21 men. Results were analyzed in regard to radiological assessment by excretory urography at 3 months, complications and hospital stay. RESULTS: We performed dismembered pyeloplasty in 48 cases and Fenger plasty in 7 cases. Crossing vessels were noted in 23 patients. The conversion rate was 5.4%. Mean operative time was 185 minutes (range 100 to 260), mean hospital stay was 4.5 days (range 1 to 14) and mean followup was 14.4 months (range 6 to 43.6). The overall complication rate was 12.7%. Complications in 7 patients included hematoma in 3, urinoma in 1, severe pyelonephritis in 1 and anastomotic stricture in 2 requiring open pyeloplasty at 3 weeks and delayed balloon incision at 13 months, respectively. Excretory urography in 50 patients and ultrasound in 4 showed decreased hydronephrosis in 88.9% at 3 months. Normal physical activity and absent pain were reported by 47 patients (87%) 1 month after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty seems to be a valuable alternative to open pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction. The long-term outcome must be assessed before this procedure may be definitively validated.     

后腹腔镜治疗儿童先天性肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的价值

目的:探讨后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗儿童先天性肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)的可行性、手术技巧及临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析26例先天性UPJO患儿经后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗的临床资料。20例患儿因患侧腰腹胀痛就诊,2例因血尿就诊,4例体检时发现。并发肾盂结石4例。在后腹腔镜下游离肾盂及输尿管上段,斜行切除狭窄段,用5-0可吸收线全层缝合输尿管近端与肾盂做V-Y吻合。留置支架管及肾盂造瘘管。结果:26例手术均获得成功。随访3～18个月,复查静脉尿路造影示吻合口无狭窄,肾积水、肾功能均得到改善。结论:采用后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗儿童先天性UPJO效果显著,安全可行,较开放手术创伤小,可以替代开放手术成为儿童先天性UPJO的首选治疗方式。     

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty for secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty has become a viable option for the treatment of select patients with primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction with success rates similar to those of open surgery. However, little has been written on the application of this technique for secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction. We report the largest series of secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction managed by laparoscopic pyeloplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 1994 and March 2001, 36 patients underwent laparoscopic transperitoneal pyeloplasty for secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction. The patients had undergone an average of 1.3 ureteropelvic junction procedures (range 1 to 4) prior to presentation, including cutting balloon retrograde endopyelotomy in 28, antegrade endoscopic endopyelotomy in 7, retrograde endoscopic endopyelotomy in 4, retrograde balloon dilation in 4 and open pyeloplasty in 3. A preoperative diagnosis of recurrent obstruction was confirmed by renal scan in 31 cases, retrograde pyelography in 2 and computerized tomography in 3. Of the 31 patients who underwent spiral computerized tomography angiogram 87% had crossing vessels. Laparoscopic repair comprised dismembered pyeloplasty in 31 cases, Fengerplasty in 3 and flap repair in 2. Postoperative renal scan or excretory urography objective followup was available for all patients at a mean of 10 months (range 3 to 40). Postoperative subjective patient well-being was assessed using an analog pain scale at a mean followup of 21.8 months (range 3 to 85). RESULTS: Average operative time was 6.2 hours (range 2.7 to 10). Average hospital stay was 2.9 days (range 1 to 7). One intraoperative complication occurred, that is bleeding necessitating conversion to an open procedure. Postoperative complications occurred in 8 cases, including anastomotic leakage in 4, and urinary tract infection, pneumonia, atelectasis, fever, bilateral upper extremity weakness and stone formation 2 months postoperatively in 1 each. On excretory urography, furosemide renal scan or the Whitaker test 32 of 36 patients (89%) had a widely patent ureteropelvic junction. Two patients (5.5%) had equivocal radiographic studies but were asymptomatic. In 2 patients the ureteropelvic junction was obstructed by renal scan. One patient had an indwelling stent for renal function deterioration and 1 was asymptomatic. Hence, 34 of the 36 patients (94%) had a reasonable objective response. Overall a 50% or greater decrease in pain was seen in 32 of 36 patients (89%). In the 4 patients with a less than 50% decrease in pain objective renal scans showed an open ureteropelvic junction. As such, the overall success rate of a greater than 50% decrease in pain, a patent ureteropelvic junction and stable or improved function of the affected renal unit was 83% (30 of 36 patients). CONCLUSIONS: For secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction, laparoscopic pyeloplasty can be performed safely with a success rate comparable to that of standard open pyeloplasty. The patient benefits of laparoscopic ureteropelvic junction repair of secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction are similar to the benefits of laparoscopic repair of primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction.     

Transperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty for pelvic kidneys with ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children: technique and preliminary outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty is rapidly becoming an acceptable procedure for ureteropelvic junction obstruction in the pediatric population. We present our experience with transperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction in pelvic kidneys in pediatric patients. METHODS: A transperitoneal laparoscopic approach was used for performing a pyeloplasty in 4 patients, 7 months to 8 years of age (mean age, 3.14), with ureteropelvic junction obstruction in a pelvic kidney. RESULTS: Average operative time was 2.1 hours (range, 1.5 to 2.8). Mean hospital stay was 2.15 days (range, 1 to 7). No intraoperative complications were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Transperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty for pelvic kidneys is feasible in the pediatric population, and preliminary results appear to offer the same outcome as that seen in orthotopic kidneys.     

Management of secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction after failed primary laparoscopic pyeloplasty

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty has been established as a minimally invasive alternative to open pyeloplasty. However, little is known about the treatment of patients in whom this technique fails. We present our experience with treating ureteropelvic junction obstruction after failed primary laparoscopic pyeloplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From August 1993 to September of 2003, 227 patients underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty for primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Of these patients 10 (4.4%), including 6 females and 4 males 24 to 62 years old (mean age 42.1), underwent secondary treatment after laparoscopic pyeloplasty failed. The type of secondary intervention varied by anatomical factors, and patient and surgeon preference. Success was defined as symptomatic relief and improved radiographic imaging at latest followup. RESULTS: Secondary interventions were repeat laparoscopic pyeloplasty in 1 patient, retrograde endoscopic balloon dilation in 2 and endopyelotomy in 7 (laser, cold knife and cutting balloon endopyelotomy in 3, 2, and 2, respectively). No postoperative complications were seen. Patients were followed for a mean of 25.5 months (range 3 to 96) after the second procedure. Seven of 10 secondary interventions (70%) were successful with no obstruction on followup imaging. Three of 10 interventions (30%) failed, namely 1 laparoscopic pyeloplasty, 1 endoscopic balloon dilation and 1 laser endopyelotomy. Failure of the second procedure occurred at a mean of 9.3 months. CONCLUSIONS: When given the choice, most patients select endoscopic management after failed primary laparoscopic pyeloplasty due to its minimally invasive nature and low complication rate. Success rates are 70% with repeat intervention. Some patients require a third intervention.     

后腹腔镜离断性肾盂成形术(附22例报告)

目的：探讨后腹腔镜离断性肾盂成形术的临床效果。方法：采用后腹腔途径对22例确诊为肾盂输尿管连接部(UPJ)梗阻的患者施行腹腔镜离断性肾盂成形术。结果：22例手术全部成功。手术时间70～180min，平均108min；术中出血量5～50ml，平均16ml；术后住院时间6～8d，平均7．2d。围术期无并发症。16例术后获随访3～15个月，UPJ吻合口无狭窄，肾积水得到改善。结论：后腹腔镜离断性肾盂成形术是治疗UPJ梗阻有效、安全及微创的方法，值得临床推广使用。     

Robot assisted pyeloplasty in the infant-lessons learned

PURPOSE: Robot assisted pyeloplasty is emerging as an effective tool for treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in the pediatric population. However, access needed for the procedure is difficult in the small abdominal cavity of an infant. We present our experience with infant robot assisted pyeloplasty, along with some lessons learned that render this procedure possible in these small patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine children 3 to 8 months old (mean 5.6) underwent transperitoneal robot assisted pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction using the da Vinci Surgical System. All patients underwent Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty without renal pelvis tapering. Outcome measures included operative time, length of hospital stay, and resolution of obstruction by ultrasonography and/or diuretic radionuclide imaging. RESULTS: All infants successfully underwent robot assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty without conversion to pure laparoscopy or open procedure. Mean operative time was 122.8 minutes, with a mean console time of 72.1 minutes. Mean hospital stay was 1.4 days. Of the 9 patients 7 (78%) had resolution of or improvement in hydronephrosis, while 2 had no evidence of obstruction based on followup diuretic renography. CONCLUSIONS: Robot assisted pyeloplasty is a safe and effective option in the surgical treatment of infant ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Further long-term studies are needed to confirm the usefulness of robotics in minimally invasive pediatric surgery.     

后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾迷走血管压迫导致输尿管肾盂连接部狭窄

目的探讨后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾迷走血管压迫导致输尿管肾盂连接部狭窄（UPJO）的疗效。方法回顾性分析15例因肾脏迷走血管压迫导致的UPJO患者的诊断及治疗经过,其中男性11例,女性4例,所有患者均存在患侧腰部胀痛症状,经B超、静脉肾盂造影（IVU）和（或）磁共振水成像（MRU）,和（或）逆行肾盂输尿管造影检查明确诊断为UPJO并肾积水,所有患者均行后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,无1例中转开放手术,术后1例患者出现发热,1例患者出现漏尿,经治疗后均好转,其余患者均无明显并发症出现。术后1月拔除双J管,所有患者均恢复良好。平均随访18月,显示患肾积水显著减少,患者腰痛症状完全消失。结论对包括肾脏迷走血管压迫在内的各种导致UPJO的病因,均可开展后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术,该手术创伤小、恢复快,长期随访效果满意。     

小儿后腹腔镜下离断性肾盂成形术

目的 探讨小儿后腹腔镜下离断性肾盂成形术的临床效果.方法 肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)患儿24例.平均年龄7(3～14)岁.经B超、IVU、CT,磁共振水成像检查临床确诊,轻度肾积水4例、中度10例、重度10例.均采用后腹腔镜下离断性肾盂成形术治疗.结果 24例手术均获成功,无中转开放手术.手术时间平均180(150～200)min,出血量平均60(40～100)ml,术后住院平均7(5～9)d.随访平均14(6～24)个月,吻合口无狭窄,肾积水消失18例,肾积水明显减轻6例.结论 后腹腔镜下离断性肾盂成形术治疗小儿 UPJO安全、有效,可以替代开放手术.     

腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂输尿管移行处狭窄

目的:评价腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂输尿管移行处狭窄(UPJ)的临床效果。方法:经腹腔路径对19例确诊的UPJ行腹腔镜离断式肾盂输尿管成形术,男12例,女7例,肾脏积水重度6例,中度8例,轻度5例,IVU13例显影良好,6例显影延迟。结果:19例手术全部成功,手术时间110~240min,平均150min,术中出血50~100m1,术后住院6~10d,平均7.8d,无严重并发症发生,随访3~15个月,肾积水程度均减轻,IVU无吻合口狭窄。结论:腹腔镜下离断式肾盂输尿管成形术治疗UPJ有效、可行,可以替代开放手术。     

改进后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术(附65例报告)

目的探讨改进后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术的临床应用价值。方法 2003年5月～2010年12月完成65例后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术,裁剪肾盂时暂不将肾盂和输尿管完全离断,保持肾盂壁下角与输尿管壁连接,尽量裁剪旋转不良扩张肾盂的背侧叶以矫正肾盂的腹侧转位,采用腹腔镜下体外和体内相结合的方法置入双J管。结果本组65例均获成功,无中转开放手术。手术时间60～195 min,平均82.4 min,术中出血量10～50 ml,平均25.2 ml。无周围脏器损伤,无严重并发症发生。2例术后吻合口漏尿,2～3周后自愈。术后住院时间6～9 d,平均6.5 d。52例随访3～90个月,平均25.1月,B超提示肾积水消失18例3,1例肾盂积水较术前减少7～24 mm,平均15.5 mm3,例肾积水较术前无明显较少;41例复查IVU,38例无吻合口狭窄,3例吻合口狭窄(行输尿管镜下内切开术,随访9、12、16个月,复查IVU无吻合口狭窄)。结论改进后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术使难度降低,疗效满意。     

后腹腔镜治疗输尿管腔外良性压迫所致肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻

目的探讨后腹腔镜治疗输尿管腔外良性病变压迫所致肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的优势。方法21例良性病变压迫所致肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患者，其中纤维索带压迫7例，异位血管压迫11例，腔静脉后输尿管压迫3例。术前均经B超，静脉肾盂造影（IVP），16层螺旋CT尿路造影（CTU）确诊后采用后腹腔镜下解除肾盂输尿管连接部外在压迫，行肾盂成形术。结果手术均顺利且证实术前诊断，手术时间1～3h，平均94min；出血量50-120mL，平均95mL；术后住院时间5—7d，平均5．6d。术后随访3个月到1年，肾脏、输尿管积水明显好转。结论CTU对良性病变压迫所致肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的定位及定性诊断具有特殊价值。后腹腔镜下解除压迫，行肾盂成形术具有损伤小、术后恢复快和住院时间短等优点，有良好的临床应用前景。     

MISSED ANTERIOR CROSSING VESSELS DURING OPEN RETROPERITONEAL PYELOPLASTY: LAPAROSCOPIC TRANSPERITONEAL DISCOVERY AND REPAIR

PURPOSE: Extrinsic ureteropelvic junction obstruction due to anterior crossing segmental renal vessels is present in more than 50% of patients in adulthood. In this situation the ureter must usually be dismembered and transposed anterior to the crossing vascular structures, where it is anastomosed to the renal pelvis. Via the open retroperitoneal approach there may be a limited view of the anterior surface of the ureteropelvic junction and, hence, anterior crossing vessels may possibly be missed. We describe 2 patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction in whom anterior vessels were missed during open retroperitoneal repair. Laparoscopic transperitoneal secondary pyeloplasty with posterior displacement of the crossing renal vessel was performed in each case. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two patients presented with symptomatic congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction after failed endopyelotomy in 1 and failed open retroperitoneal procedures in both. Preoperatively spiral computerized tomography angiography with a ureteropelvic junction protocol revealed crossing vessels in the 2 cases. This finding was confirmed at transperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty. The ureter and renal pelvis were transposed anterior to the crossing vessels and 2 rows of running sutures were placed to complete the anastomosis. RESULTS: The 2 laparoscopic procedures were completed successfully. The anterior crossing vessels were preserved in each case. Currently the patients are asymptomatic and furosemide washout renal scan was normal. CONCLUSIONS: Spiral CT angiography reliably delineates the renal vascular anatomy in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction. This study may be valuable before planned open retroperitoneal ureteropelvic junction obstruction repair. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty may successfully manage anterior crossing vessels associated with secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction.     

改良腹腔镜肾盂成形术

目的探讨一种改良的腹腔镜肾盂成形术.方法肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻32例,经腹腔镜下游离肾盂及部分输尿管上段,然后扩大经肾盂输尿管连接部的切口至2.5～3 cm,采用开放手术方式进行肾盂输尿管成形操作.结果32例手术均获成功.术中证实肾下极异位血管压迫1例,原发管腔狭窄31例.手术时间40～70 min,平均52 min;术中出血量20～30 ml,平均23 ml.无手术并发症.27例随访7～15个月,平均9.6月,腰部胀痛消失,静脉肾盂造影(intravenous pyelography,IVP)检查吻合口均无梗阻,B超肾集合系统分离术前2.0～4.2 cm,平均2.8 cm,术后17例降至1.0～2.3 cm,平均1.5 cm,余10例无分离.结论改良的腹腔镜肾盂成形术简化了腹腔镜操作,缩短了手术时间,值得临床推广应用.     

后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术

目的:探讨后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术的临床效果。方法:腹腔镜下通过后腹腔途径对肾盂输尿管连接部(UPJ)狭窄5例患者行离断式肾盂成形术。结果:5例手术均获成功,手术时间80~180m in,平均110m in;术中出血量30~90m l,平均50m l;漏尿1例;术后住院8~15d,平均10d。术后随访1~12个月,UPJ吻合口无狭窄,肾积水改善。结论:后腹腔镜肾盂成形术微创,安全、效果好,值得推广。     

Minimally invasive treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction: long-term experience with an algorithm for laser endopyelotomy and laparoscopic retroperitoneal pyeloplasty

PURPOSE: First line treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction is still open dismembered pyeloplasty. The development of videoendoscopic techniques like endopyelotomy and laparoscopy offers less invasive alternatives. The long-term outcome of an algorithm selectively using these techniques is presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From February 1995 to March 2006, 256 patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction were treated with 113 laser endopyelotomies and 143 laparoscopic retroperitoneal pyeloplasties. According to changing selection criteria, an early group (92 in 1995 to 1999) treated with laser endopyelotomy for extrinsic as well as intrinsic stenoses, and a late group (164 in 2000 to 2006) treated with laser endopyelotomy for intrinsic stenosis, were evaluated. In the late group extrinsic ureteropelvic junction obstruction was treated with nondismembered pyeloplasty in cases of anteriorly and by dismembered pyeloplasty in cases of posteriorly crossing vessels or a redundant renal pelvis. RESULTS: Operating time of laser endopyelotomy averaged 34 (range 10 to 90) minutes with a complication rate of 5.3% and a success rate of 72.6% (intrinsic 85.7% vs extrinsic 51.4%). Operating time of laparoscopic retroperitoneal pyeloplasty averaged 124 (range 37 to 368) minutes with a 6.3% complication rate and an overall success rate of 94.4% (intrinsic 100% vs extrinsic 93.8%). In the late group the LAP success rate was 98.3% with no significant differences related to the cause of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (intrinsic 100% vs extrinsic 98.1%) or the type of pyeloplasty (YV plasty 97.0% vs Anderson-Hynes 97.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic retroperitoneal pyeloplasty yields an efficacy similar to that of open surgery. The inferior success of laser endopyelotomy even in optimally selected cases and the increasing expertise with endoscopic suturing may favor laparoscopic pyeloplasty with or without robotic assistance in the future.     

后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术

目的 探讨后腹腔镜下肾盂成形术的技术特点及临床应用价值. 方法 采用后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄患者41例.男20例,女21例.平均年龄30(12～45)岁.左侧23例,右侧18例.有腰痛症状者31例,无症状体检发现者10例.其中孤立肾1例、马蹄肾3例、合并结石3例.41例均经临床及影像学检查证实.术中采用顺行置管和连续缝合技术.手术成功标准为患者症状消失,利尿肾图、IVU检查结果明显改善. 结果 41例平均手术时间160(95～300)min,平均出血量35(20～80)ml,无中转开放手术者.术中发现异位血管10例,均将输尿管置于血管腹侧.3例合并结石者均完整取出结石.术后发生漏尿1例,延长引流管放置时间,术后14 d漏尿停止.未发生其他并发症.平均住院时间7.5(5～14)d.平均随访28(13～52)个月,1例术后12个月因吻合口狭窄行开放手术治愈,手术成功率97.6%(40/41). 结论 后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术适应证广,效果肯定,可能成为治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的标准方法.     

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty with concomitant pyelolithotomy

PURPOSE: We present our experience with laparoscopic pyeloplasty plus pyelolithotomy in patients in whom stones were not the cause of ureteropelvic junction obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A transperitoneal approach was used for laparoscopic pyeloplasty and pyelolithotomy in 19 patients (20 renal units). Before ureteropelvic junction repair stones were extracted through a small pyelotomy that was eventually incorporated into the final pyeloplasty incision. Stones in the renal pelvis were removed with rigid graspers under direct laparoscopic vision. A flexible cystoscope introduced through a port was used to extract stones in the calices. The renal pelvis was reconstructed based on the anatomy of the ureteropelvic junction. RESULTS: A median of 1 stone (range 1 to 28) was recovered. In 11, 8 and 1 patients the Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty, Y-V plasty and the Heinecke Mickulicz procedure were performed, respectively. At 3 months 2 patients had residual calculi for a procedural stone-free rate of 90%. There was no evidence of obstruction in 18 of the 20 cases (90%), as confirmed by negative diuretic scan or radiological improvement of hydronephrosis. At a mean followup of 12 months (range 3 to 57) 2 additional patients had recurrent stones for an overall long-term stone-free rate of 80% (16 of 20). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic pyelolithotomy is feasible when combined with pyeloplasty. Our results are comparable to those of stone removal during open pyeloplasty or percutaneous endopyelotomy. The advantages of open surgery appear to be maintained in this minimally invasive approach.     

腹膜后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻的临床价值

目的:探讨腹膜后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗输尿管连接部(ureteropelvic junction,UPJ)梗阻的适应证、手术技巧及临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析腹膜后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗17例UPJ梗阻患者的临床资料。其中男11例,女6例,22～38岁,高位输尿管开口2例,UPJ完全闭锁4例,单纯重度肾积水7例,异位血管压迫4例,合并肾盂结石3例。结果:17例手术均获成功,手术时间80～240min,平均120min,出血50～130ml,平均85ml,术后平均住院8.5d(7～10d)。围手术期无并发症发生。随访3～12个月,UPJ吻合无狭窄,肾积水、肾功能均获改善。结论:基层医院行腹膜后腹腔镜肾盂成形术是治疗UPJ梗阻有效、安全的术式,可代替开放手术,作为UPJ梗阻患者的首选术式。