抗CD28单抗和IL-15对CIK增殖和杀肿瘤作用的研究

CIK是肿瘤过继性细胞免疫治疗中的免疫效应细胞。为使CIK在实验室里能被更有效地诱导增殖并赋予其更强的杀肿瘤效应,我们在CIK常规培养环境中加入抗CD28单抗和IL-15,探讨抗CD28单抗和IL-15对CIK增殖和杀肿瘤效应。取人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),预先以常规方法诱导CIK,然后加入抗CD28单抗和IL-15与CIK共培养。用全自动五分类血液分析仪计数CIK增殖率;用流式细胞术测定CIK中粒酶B、穿孔素和CD107a等分子的表达率;用ELISA方法检测CIK分泌IL-10、IL-12、INF-γ和TNF-α水平;用乳酸脱氢酶释放法测定CIK对人肺癌细胞株(A549)、乳腺腺癌细胞株(MFC-7)和人黑素瘤细胞株(HME1)的杀伤活性。PBMC经常规CIK诱导培养以后再加入抗CD28单抗和IL-15与对照组比较,前者细胞增殖率明显增强(P<0.05);在CIK培养体系中加入抗CD28单抗和IL-15可促进颗粒酶B、穿孔素和CD107a等分子的表达率进一步增强(P<0.05);加入抗CD28单抗和IL-15,培养8d后CIK对A549、MFC-7和HME1细胞杀伤活性分别为82.2%、59.3%和70.6%,与对照组(分别为60.9%、49.6%和48.4%)相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在培养体系中加入抗CD28单抗和IL-15,培养8d后其细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-α分泌水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),组间IL-10和IL-12的分泌量未见显著差异(P>0.05)。实验说明在CIK培养体系中加入抗CD28单抗和IL-15可增加CIK增殖率并提高其抗肿瘤效应。     

IL-27促进外周血单个核细胞来源树突状细胞分化成熟

目的:研究IL-27体外对人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)的来源树突状细胞(DC)分化、成熟及其免疫活性的影响。方法:采集健康成人外周血,密度梯度离心法获得PB-MC,给予GM-CSF、IL-4诱导DC,第5天后根据不同处理因素将DC分为3组:IL-27组、TNF-α组和阴性对照组。倒置显微镜和透射电镜下观察DC形态;流式细胞术(FCM)检测DC表面分子CD1a、CD80、CD83和CD86的表达情况;MTT法检测DC刺激T细胞增殖的能力。结果:IL-27刺激后PB-MC来源DC呈现典型的成熟DC形态学特征。IL-27组DC表面CD1a、CD80、CD83和CD86表达水平较对阴性对照组均明显上调(P<0.05),与TNF-α组DC相比无显著差异。IL-27组DC诱导T细胞增殖的能力较对照组DC明显增高(P<0.05)。结论:IL-27可刺激PBMC来源DC的成熟。     

CD3AK细胞的诱导及其抗肿瘤作用机制的初步探讨

采用两种状态的IgG2型小鼠抗人CD3单抗,辅以小剂量外源性IL-2刺激诱导CD3AK细胞,测定其对K562,Raji及P815细胞的杀伤作用。结果发现,0.1μg/ml浓度的游离状态抗CD3单抗和10μg/ml浓度的粘附状态抗CD3单抗刺激人PBMC增殖达最强效果,其中粘附状态抗CD3单抗诱导的PBMC增殖活性明显强于激离状态抗CD3单抗;外源性IL-2能协同增强抗CD3单抗诱导PBMC增殖,但当粘附状态抗CD3单抗处于最强激活浓度时,其协同作用并不明显。实验结果显示,CD3AK细胞对三种不同性质的肿瘤细胞均具有较强的杀伤作用,其杀伤活性既有效靶细胞直接接触杀伤,又有杀伤因子介导。     

体外阻断CD134对LN患者外周血单个核细胞TH1/TH2细胞因子表达的影响

目的 探讨CD134／CD134L共刺激分子对TH1，TH2细胞因子表达的影响及在狼疮性肾炎（LN）发病机制中的可能作用。方法活动期LN患者10例，分别采取外周静脉血，用密度梯度离心法制备新鲜PBMC，分成6组：（1）对照培养组；（2）单纯刺激组；（3）抗CD134组；（4）抗Ⅱ，4组；（5）rhCD134：Fc组；（6）地塞米松（Dex）组。另选取10例健康体检者作为健康对照组。采用ELISA法分别测定培养液上清中IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10表达水平。结果（1）在抗CD3ε单抗／rIL-2刺激前，活动期LN患者PBMC培养液上清分泌的IFN-γ、IL-4和IL-10水平都明显高于健康对照组；（2）在抗CD3ε单抗／rIL-2刺激下，活动期LN患者PBMC分泌的IFN-γ，4和IL-10又较刺激前明显增加；（3）抗IL-4单抗、抗CDl34单抗均可使经抗CD3ε单抗／rIL-2刺激的LN患者PBMC分泌IL-4、IL-10水平显著下降，导致IFN-γ水平显著增高，免疫应答朝TH1方向偏离；（4）Dex能显著抑制抗CD3ε单抗／rIL-2刺激的原代培养PBMC中IL-4、IFN-γ的分泌水平，但对IL-10的产生并没有明显的抑制或促进作用；（5）rhCD134：Fc能显著降低抗CD3ε单抗／rIL-2刺激的原代培养PBMC中IFN-γ及IL-4、IL-10的分泌水平，对TH1和TH2细胞因子的产生都有显著抑制作用。结论糖皮质激素的抗炎机制具有多重性，对TH1、TH2细胞因子的作用并不均衡；抗CD134单抗对减轻LN患者PBMC的异常活化有一定作用；CD134-IgG融合蛋白与抗CD134单抗相比，抑制作用更明显，对急性期LN有更好的治疗作用。     

高浓度抗CD3单抗诱导人外周血单个核细胞凋亡及细胞因子对？…

使用抗ＣＤ３单抗诱导新鲜分离的人外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）凋亡，同时观察细胞因子对其影响，１８ｈ后电镜发现处理组发生典型凋亡改变，ＤＮＡ电泳出现典型阶梯状条。ＴＵＮＥＬ法流式细胞仪检测发现处理组凋亡发生率３９．６％，显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＩＦＮ－γ、ＴＮＦ－α可显著增强抗ＣＤ３单抗诱导的凋亡，ＩＬ－１￣ＩＬ－３，ＴＮＦ－α对凋亡无明显影响。ＣｓＡ可抑制剂ＣＤ３单抗诱导的凋亡，但加入ＩＦ     

甲基强的松龙诱导淋巴细胞凋亡特点的探讨

为探讨甲基强的松龙 (MP)抗排斥作用机制 ,使用MP诱导人外周血淋巴细胞凋亡 ,经电镜、DNA电泳证实细胞发生典型凋亡。流式细胞仪TUNEL凋亡定量检测证实MP处理组凋亡发生率 5 8 2 % ,显著高于对照组 10 2 % (P <0 0 1)。流式细胞双标记检测发现CD3+ 细胞凋亡率 87 6 %、CD3 细胞凋亡率 2 3 0 % ,均显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。CD3+ 细胞及CD4+ /CD8+ 比值亦显著减少。淋巴细胞CD95表达无显著变化。表明非CD95途径诱导淋巴细胞凋亡 ,特别是CD3+ CD4+ 细胞凋亡 ,是MP抗排斥作用机制之一。     

脑囊虫病患者粘附分子和细胞因子水平检测

本文检测了30例未经治疗的脑囊虫病患者血清中可溶性细胞粘附分子(sICAM)、白细胞介素8(IL-8)、可溶性白细胞介素2受体(sIL-2R)以及患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)体外诱导IL-2、IFN-γ及TNF-α的活性,同时也检测了CD11a、CD11b和CD18在患者PBMC表面的表达,以30例正常人作对照,探讨了脑囊虫病人粘附分子、细胞因子水平的变化及在免疫调节中的作用.结果显示脑囊虫病患者血清中sICAM-I水平及患者PBMC体外诱导IL-2、IFN-γ水平显著低于正常对照组,患者血清中IL-8、sIL-2R及患者PBMC体外诱导TNF-α水平明显高于正常对照组,患者组的CD11b阳性细胞百分比显著高于对照组,但是患者PBMC表面CD11a的表达量比对照组低,而CD18的表达在两组间无显著性差异.     

肾癌细胞冻融抗原负载树突状细胞瘤苗的活化

目的: 探索体外诱导DCs活化的方法和制备肾癌树突状细胞(DCs)瘤苗。方法: 制备肾癌细胞冻融抗原；取健康人新鲜血分离外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),应用GM-CSF+IL-4刺激，诱导PBMC为iDCs,然后进行分组，采用不同因子刺激iDCs转化为mDCs,其中Ａ组:冻融抗原负载；Ｂ组: TNF-α+冻融抗原负载；Ｃ组: IL-1β+冻融抗原负载；Ｄ组: TNF-α+IL-1β+冻融抗原负载。 结果:各组均可诱导iDCs的成熟,并高表达CD86、CD80和HLA-DR；相对于其它组，D组DCs 更显著上调CD83和CD54表达(P<0.05)和IL-12分泌(P<0.01)，且D组mDCs更有效地刺激淋巴细胞增殖(P<0.05)。 结论: TNF-α+IL-1β与肾癌细胞冻融抗原协同可有效促进DCs成熟、增强诱导淋巴细胞活化的能力。     

抗CD47单抗对人树突状细胞的免疫调控作用及其机制探讨

目的:研究可溶性的抗CD47单抗(B6H12)对树突状细胞(DC)的免疫调控作用及分子机理。方法:分离人外周血单核细胞,联合应用rhGM-CSF、IL-4、细菌脂多糖(LPS)在体外诱导扩增DC,并在培养体系中添加抗CD47单抗(B6H12)。采用透射电镜观察DC形态,流式细胞仪检测DC膜表面分子,ELISA定量检测DC释放IL-12P70水平,Brdu-ELISA 法检测DC刺激同种异型淋巴细胞增殖,凝胶电泳迁移率改变实验(EMSA)检测NF-κB活性。结果:(1)经抗CD47单抗(B6H12)处理的DC,膜表面CD80、CD86、CD1a、CD83、DR表达显著降低(P＜0.05);其释放IL-12P70的水平及刺激同种异型淋巴细胞增殖的能力也显著低于对照组(P＜0.01)。(2) B6H12单抗处理DC组其NF-κB活性显著降低(P＜0.05),且该效应呈剂量依赖性。结论:抗CD47单抗可通过抑制NF-κB活性而影响DC的发育、成熟及功能。     

IL-23单独或联合IL-2对人PBMC增殖及抗白血病活性影响的研究

目的比较单独应用IL-23或联合应用IL-23和IL-2对人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)增殖及抗白血病活性的影响。方法密度梯度离心法分离人PBMC,以不同的细胞因子培养液培养,MTT比色法测定PBMC的增殖情况及PBMC对白血病K562细胞株的杀伤活性,流式细胞术分析诱导前后PBMC的细胞表型变化。结果细胞因子各组培养PBMC 1 d、3 d、5 d后,PBMC的增殖以及对K562细胞的杀伤活性均增强(P<0.05),IL-23与IL-2联合后PBMC的增殖以及杀伤活性进一步增强(P<0.05);IL-23(50 ng/ml)与IL-23+IL-2(50 ng/ml+100 IU/ml)组作用于PBMC 5 d后,检测CD3+细胞为(80.7±4.37)%和(83.2±4.04)%,CD16+CD56+细胞为(8.4±0.28)%和(12.7±0.9)%,CD4+细胞为(45.2±1.4)%和(47.0±1.72)%,CD8+细胞为(34.5±2.53)%和(35.4±2.11)%;与对照组相比,两组对PBMC细胞表型的增加有显著性差异(P<0.05);两组间比较CD16+CD56+细胞的表达上有显著性差异(P<0.05),对CD3+、CD4+、CD8+细胞的表达以及CD4+/CD8+比值的变化无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 IL-23对PBMC的增殖,以及PBMC对K562细胞的杀伤均有促进作用,与IL-2联合有协同作用。IL-23单独或联合IL-2诱导后PBMC中CD3、CD16/56、CD4、CD8抗原的表达均增加,二者联合后可以进一步增加CD16/56抗原的表达。     

IFN-γ directly inhibits TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo and induces apoptosis mediated by Fas/Fas ligand interactions

Cytokines secreted by T cells play a pivotal role in inflammatory bone destruction. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a major proinflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages following T cell activation, and directly promotes osteoclast differentiation resulting in accelerated bone resorption. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) attenuates RANKL-initiated cellular signals through osteoclast formation and counterbalances aberrant bone resorption. With respect to this crosstalk during osteoclastogenesis, the direct interruption of IFN-γ in TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation still requires elucidation. We have demonstrated that IFN-γ directly inhibits osteoclastogenesis induced by TNF-α stimulation and accelerates apoptosis mediated by Fas/Fas ligand signals. There were a decreased number of osteoclasts and reduced mRNA levels encoding Nfatc1 in cultured bone marrow macrophages. Apoptotic responses of cultured cells were observed, with accelerated nuclear fragmentation in osteoclast precursor cells and increased FasL mRNA levels in bone marrow cells stimulated with TNF-α evident. IFN-γ reduced the level of osteoclastogenesis in response to TNF-α treatment in vivo. IFN-γ inhibited TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis in mice with T cells that had been exposed to anti-CD4 and -CD8 antibodies. These results provide evidence that IFN-γ directly inhibits osteoclastogenesis and induces cells apoptosis by Fas/FasL signals, leading to the indirect regulation of bone resorption, which is required for protective roles in bone destruction at an inflammation site.     

两种HLA-B分子对外周血单个核细胞分泌细胞因子的影响

为了解HLA B2 7和B39分子对外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC )分泌IFN γ和TNF α的影响。我们将外源HLA B 2 70 4和B 390 5 2基因分别表达在HLAI类分子缺陷的K5 6 2细胞表面 ,与PBMC作用 12h后 ,用ELISA法检测IFN γ和TNF α的含量。结果显示 :HLA B2 7分子能显著抑制PBMC分泌IFN γ ,而对TNF α分泌的影响不显著 ;而HLA B39表达于K5 6 2细胞后 ,均不能影响IFN γ、TNF α分泌。提示HLA B2 7分子与HLA B39分子影响PBMC分泌细胞因子的能力不同     

Regulation of interleukin-12 receptor β1 chain expression and interleukin-12 binding by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

The interleukin-12 receptor (IL-12R)β1 chain is an essential component of the functional IL-12R on both human T and natural killer cells. In this report it is shown that activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) or phytohemagglutinin resulted in the up-regulation of IL-12Rβ1 expression and IL-12 binding. Kinetic studies revealed that maximum expression of IL-12Rβ1 and IL-12 binding occurred on days 3–4. Anti-CD3-induced expression of IL-12Rβ1 chain and IL-12 binding by PBMC was augmented by anti-CD28 mAb, indicating that the potentiating effect of anti-CD28 on T cell responses to IL-12 could be mediated, at least in part, by the enhancement of IL-12R expression. Among 16 cytokines tested, IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 markedly induced IL-12Rβ1 expression and IL-12 binding on resting PBMC, whereas IL-1α and tumor necrosis factor-α had a minimal enhancing effect. In contrast, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 had no detectable enhancing effect. Anti-CD3-induced expression of IL-12Rβ1 and of low-affinity IL-12 binding sites was partially inhibited by TGF-β2, IL-10 and IL-4; however, TGF-β2 and IL-10 completely abolished anti-CD3-induced expression of high-affinity IL-12 binding sites. Consistent with the reduction of high affinity IL-12 binding sites, PBMC activated with anti-CD3 mAb in the presence of TGF-β2 or IL-10 failed to produce IFN-γ or to proliferate in response to IL-12. These results suggest that Th2 cell-derived cytokines can inhibit IL-12-induced biological functions by inhibiting IL-12R expression and that expression of a second subunit of the IL-12R (IL-12Rβ2), required for the formation of high-affinity IL-12 binding sites, may be more highly regulated by TGF-β2 and IL-10 than is expression of IL-12Rβ1.     

IFN-γ和TNF-α协同对MIN6细胞凋亡的影响

目的研究细胞因子IFN-γ和TNF-α协同对小鼠胰岛瘤细胞株MIN6凋亡的影响。方法采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法观察比较了IFN-γ、TNF-α单独及其组合对MIN6细胞活性的影响,并进一步通过光学显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜从形态学上对其毒性作用进行了验证,最后通过流式细胞术区分了其对MIN6细胞的凋亡和坏死的作用。结果 IFN-γ和TNF-α单独作用对MIN6细胞活性有轻微影响,但两者组合对MIN6细胞的活性具有显著的抑制作用,并且早期凋亡的细胞百分率明显高于IFN-γ单独处理组(69.91%&13.03%),而坏死或晚期凋亡细胞的百分率两组之间没有差异(2.14%&2.41%)。结论IFN-γ和TNF-α协同可促进MIN6细胞的凋亡。     

肿瘤坏死因子-α联合干扰素-γ治疗肝癌的实验研究

目的：探讨干扰素-γ体内外增强TNF-α治疗原发性肝癌（HCC）的作用。 方法： 采用结晶紫染色法测定肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）和两者联合用药体外杀灭肝癌细胞的能力。以已建立的人肝癌裸小鼠肝内移植模型为对象，采用瘤体内注射的直接给药途径，观察TNF-α、IFN-γ和联合用药体内抗肝癌的效果。 结果： 细胞毒性试验：TNF-α对肝癌细胞有较强的细胞毒性作用，呈剂量依赖性。当浓度超过107 U/L时，有明显杀伤作用(P<0.05)；联合应用IFN-γ具有协同抗瘤效果，单独应用107 U/L TNF-α和106 U/L IFN-γ时，肝癌细胞杀伤率分别为27.1％和7.9%，两者联合用药可达83.7%。单独使用IFN-γ未见移植瘤生长受抑制及荷瘤鼠生存期延长(P＞0.05)，移植瘤仅见小灶性坏死；单独应用TNF-α，表现为抑制移植瘤生长(抑制率17.2％)，移植瘤呈不完全性小片状坏死，但不能延长荷瘤鼠的生存时间(P>0.05)。两者联合用药能明显抑制肿瘤生长(抑癌率35.9%)，移植瘤呈大片状坏死，荷瘤鼠生存期延长(P<0.05)，血甲胎蛋白（AFP）浓度降低。 结论： TNF-α联合IFN-γ直接瘤体内注射有可能成为临床治疗原发性肝癌一个新的有效方法。     

NK cells from HCV-infected patients effectively induce apoptosis of activated primary human hepatic stellate cells in a TRAIL-, FasL- and NKG2D-dependent manner

In mouse models it has been shown that natural killer (NK) cells can attenuate liver fibrosis via killing of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in a NKG2D- and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-dependent manner. However, only little data exist regarding interactions of human NK cells with HSCs and their potential role in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated fibrogenesis. Therefore, purified NK cells from untreated HCV RNA(+) patients (n=33), interferon-α (IFN-α)-treated patients (n=17) and healthy controls (n=18) were coincubated with activated primary HSCs, and were tested for degranulation (CD107a expression) and secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α, respectively. Induction of HSC apoptosis was analyzed using an active caspase-3 assay. We found that following coincubation with HSCs a significant increase in CD107a expression could be observed in both NK cells from HCV(+) patients and healthy controls, whereas only negligible secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α could be detected. More importantly, NK cells from untreated HCV RNA(+) patients were significantly more effective in induction of HSC apoptosis (17.8 ± 9.2%) than NK cells from healthy controls (6.2 ± 2.1%; P<0.0001). Additionally, we observed an inverse correlation of liver fibrosis stage and the ability of NK cells to induce HSC apoptosis. Induction of HSC apoptosis was contact dependent and could partly be blocked by antibodies specific for TRAIL, NKG2D and FasL, respectively. It is noteworthy that NK cells from IFN-α-treated HCV(+) patients displayed the highest capability to kill HSCs (27.6 ± 10.5%). Accordingly, pre-stimulation of NK cells with recombinant IFN-α significantly increased the ability of NK cells to induce cell death in primary HSCs and was dependent on upregulated expression of TRAIL. Here we demonstrate that NK cells from HCV-infected patients are highly efficient in inducing apoptosis of activated HSCs. Thus, NK cells may have an important anti-fibrotic role in chronic hepatitis C.     

IL-18在实验性暴发型肝衰竭发病机制中的作用

为探讨IL 18在暴发型肝衰竭发生中的表达变化及对其他细胞因子的调控作用。采用D 氨基半乳糖 (D Gal) 90 0mg/kg与脂多糖 (LPS ) 10 μg/kg诱导BALB/c小鼠暴发型肝衰竭 ,检测不同时间点血清转氨酶 (ALT、AST )和肝组织病理、DNA梯形条带 ,评估肝损伤情况 ;用半定量RT PCR和相应的分析软件分析不同时间点肝组织中IL 18mRNA、TNF αmRNA和IFN γmRNA表达及ELISA方法检测血浆IL 18、TNF α和IFN γ的蛋白表达。结果 :D Gal/LPS给予后 4h血清转氨酶明显升高 ,7h小鼠开始死亡 ,10h死亡率达 80 %。肝组织病理学检查发现 ,5h肝窦扩张、炎性细胞浸润、枯否细胞增生 ;7h肝细胞大量凋亡、坏死或肝组织出现大量出血性坏死 ;5h电镜示肝细胞核仁碎裂、线粒体肿胀或空泡变性 ;7h核仁边聚 ,呈半月型 ,表现为典型的凋亡形态学变化 ,线粒体大部分空泡变性。DNA电泳显示 5h始出现梯形条带。正常小鼠肝组织IL 18mRNA有少量表达 ,TNF αmRNA、IFN γmRNA微量表达。给药后 ,三者的mRNA分别在 1h、 2h、 3h达高峰 ,血浆中TNF α、IFN γ水平与其mRNA变化显著正相关 (rTNF α=0 4 3,P =0 0 1;rIFN γ=0 6 9,P <0 0 0 1) ,而血浆IL 18与其mRNA表达无明显相关 (r= 0 12 ,P =0 2 5 )。本实验诱导的暴发型肝衰竭模型中 ,肝细?