p21~(WAF1)、cyclinD1和pRb在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及其意义

 目的　探讨 p2 1WAF1、细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclinD1)和 pRb在膀胱移行细胞癌 (BTCC)中的表达及相互关系和其意义。方法　应用免疫组织化学SP法检测 5 7例BTCC患者癌组织中 p2 1WAF1、CyclinD1和 pRb的蛋白表达。 结果　p2 1WAF1、cyclinD1和 pRb的阳性表达率分别为 36 .8%、4 9.1%和 4 5 .6 % ,p2 1WAF1随病理分级升高阳性率显著下降 ,cyclinD1和 pRb的表达与BTCC的病理分级、临床分期和有无转移均相关 ,p2 1WAF1与 pRb的表达呈负相关 ,cyclinD1和 pRb的表达呈正相关 ,而 p2 1WAF1与cyclinD1的表达无关。结论　p2 1WAF1/cyclinD1/ pRb通路异常与BTCC的发生发展密切相关 ,p2 1WAF1的改变可能为癌变的早期事件 ,联合检测 p2 1WAF1、cyclinD1和 pRb可较准确地评价BTCC的生物学特性 ,估计预后 ,指导治疗     

胃癌中p21WAF1/CIP1、细胞周期素D1、p53表达的相关性

目的探讨p21WAF1/CIP1、细胞周期素D1(cyclin D1)、p53在胃癌中表达之间的相关性.方法应用原位杂交技术检测p21WAF1/CIP1 mRNA、细胞周期素D1 mRNA及免疫组化技术检测p53蛋白在胃癌中的表达.结果 p21WAF1/CIP1 mRNA在癌组织及癌旁正常粘膜中阳性表达率各为93.15%(68/73)及76.71%(56/73),二者相比具有显著差异(P<0.05).Cyclin D1 mRNA在癌组织及癌旁正常粘膜中阳性表达率各为54.79%(40/73)及30.16%(22/73),二者具有显著差异(P<0.05).p53蛋白在胃癌中的阳性表达率为32.87%(24/73), p53过表达者,其p21WAF1/CIP1 mRNA表达较p53阴性者为低,二者存在显著差异(P<0.05).p21WAF1/CIP1表达与细胞周期素D1表达呈负相关.结论 p21WAF1/CIP1、Cyclin D1、p53的异常表达及它们之间可能存在的相互作用,对于胃癌的发生发展具有重要意义.     

原发性肝细胞癌组织中p53和p21WAF/CIP1及MDM2蛋白的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨p53、p21WAF/CIP1及MDM2蛋白在原发性肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC)组织中的表达及其临床病理意义.方法选取115例HCC及其相应的癌旁肝组织构建组织芯片,应用免疫组织化学方法检测p53、p21WAF/CIP1及MDM2蛋白的表达,采用统计学分析它们的表达及其与临床病理参数之间的关系.结果p53、p21WAF/CIP1及MDM2在HCC组织中的阳性表达率分别为83.5%(96/115)、36.5%(42/115)和48.7%(56/115),同癌旁组织相比,p53、p21WAF/CIP1及MDM2的表达均明显增高,P＜0.05.两两相关分析比较, p53表达分别与p21WAF/CIP1和MDM2表达有关;p53、p21WAF/CIP1及MDM2的阳性表达率与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤数量、HBsAg、病理分级、血清AFP浓度和患者生存时间均无关,P均＞0.05.结论p53、p21WAF/CIP1及MDM2在HCC组织中呈增高表达并具有一定的相关性,提示它们可能在HCC的发生发展中发挥重要的作用.     

胃癌中p21WAF1/CIP1、细胞周期素D1、p53表达的相关性

目的　探讨p2 1WAF1/CIP1、细胞周期素D1(cyclinD1)、p5 3在胃癌中表达之间的相关性。 方法　应用原位杂交技术检测p2 1WAF1/CIP1mRNA、细胞周期素D1mRNA及免疫组化技术检测p5 3蛋白在胃癌中的表达。结果　p2 1WAF1/CIP1mRNA在癌组织及癌旁正常粘膜中阳性表达率各为 93.15 % (6 8/73)及76 .71% (5 6 /73) ,二者相比具有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。CyclinD1mRNA在癌组织及癌旁正常粘膜中阳性表达率各为 5 4 .79% (40 /73)及 30 .16 % (2 2 /73) ,二者具有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。p5 3蛋白在胃癌中的阳性表达率为 32 .87% (2 4 /73) ,p5 3过表达者 ,其 p2 1WAF1/CIP1mRNA表达较p5 3阴性者为低 ,二者存在显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。p2 1WAF1/CIP1表达与细胞周期素D1表达呈负相关。结论　p2 1WAF1/CIP1、CyclinD1、p5 3的异常表达及它们之间可能存在的相互作用 ,对于胃癌的发生发展具有重要意义。     

脑胶质瘤组织MDM2和p53及p21WAF1蛋白表达及其临床意义的研究

目的:探讨MDM2、p53和p21WAF1蛋白在不同级别脑胶质瘤组织中的表达及其在胶质瘤发生、发展中的生物学意义.方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测Ⅱ级和Ⅳ级胶质瘤组织中MDM2、p53和p21WAF1蛋白的表达,并分析其与胶质瘤组织学分级之间的关系.结果:Ⅱ级和Ⅳ级胶质瘤中,MDM2蛋白的阳性表达率分别为24.00%(6/25)和56.52%(13/23),χ2＝5.298,P＝0.021,p53蛋白的阳性表达率分别为28.00%(7/25)和60.87%(14/23),χ2＝5.259,P＝0.022,两者阳性表达率均随胶质瘤恶性程度的增加而升高,Spearman等级相关分析显示,MDM2、p53的表达与胶质瘤分级均呈正相关,P<0.05;p21WAF1的阳性表达率分别为76.00%(19/25)和39.13%(9/23),χ2＝6.700,P＝0.010,其阳性表达率随胶质瘤恶性程度的增加而降低,Spearman等级相关分析显示,p21WAF1的表达与胶质瘤分级呈负相关,r＝-0.425,P＝0.003.结论:MDM2蛋白和突变型p53蛋白的过表达以及p21WAF1蛋白的低表达,可促进胶质瘤的发生、发展.     

p16、p21^WAF1／CIP1、CyclinD1表达与乳腺癌病理特征

目的　探讨乳腺癌组织分型、分级等临床病理特征和ER、PR与p16、p2 1WAF1/CIP1和CyclinD1蛋白表达的关系。方法　进行免疫组化染色法检测 5 0例术前均未作放化疗的乳腺癌组织中p16、p2 1WAF/CIP1和CyclinD1蛋白的表达。结果　p16蛋白表达阳性率为 5 8 0 % (2 9/ 5 0 ) ,在浸润性导管癌Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级之间p16蛋白表达有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,阳性率分别为 75 0 %、41 7%。p16、p2 1CyclinD1蛋白表达 ,p2 1蛋白表达阳性率为 30 0 % (15 / 5 0 ) ,p2 1表达阳性者与阴性者相比 ,淋巴结转移率有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。CyclinD1蛋白表达阳性率为 32 0 % (16 / 5 0 )。与临床病理特征、ER和PR未见相关 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　p16和p2 1蛋白可作为判断肿瘤生物学行为的参数。     

细胞周期蛋白D1和p21WAF1/CIP1在喉癌癌变过程中表达及其意义

目的研究喉癌变过程中细胞周期蛋白(cyclin)D1和p21WAF1/CIP1表达及其临床病理学意义.方法用免疫组化检测20例正常黏膜、40例不典型增生病变和60例喉癌组织中cyclinD1和p21WAF1/CIP1的表达.结果①cyclin D1和p21WAF1/CIP1阳性表达定位于细胞核.②在喉癌癌变过程中,喉正常黏膜、不典型增生病变和喉癌中cyclin D1阳性表达率分别为5.0%(1/20),30,0%(12/40),53.3%(32/60)(P＜0.001);p21WAF1/CIP1阳性表达率分别为95.0%(19/20),75.0%(30/40)和63.3%(38/60)(P＜0.05).③p21WAF1/CIP1在高、中和低分化的喉癌中阳性表达率分别为76.2%(16/21),65.5%(19/29)和30.0%(3/10)(P＜0.05);p21WAF1/CIP1阳性表达与肿瘤细胞的分化有关.④cyclin D1和p21WAF1/CIP1阳性表达显著相关.结论①喉癌癌变过程中cyclin D1阳性表达率呈逐渐升高的趋势,而p21WAF1/CIP1阳性表达率呈呈逐渐降低的趋势.②cyclin D1异常表达是喉癌发生中早期分子事件.③p21WAF1/CIP1表达与喉癌细胞分化程度有关.④cyclin D1和p21WAF1/CIP1阳性表达显著相关.     

脑胶质瘤组织p14ARF、p53和p21WAF1的表达及其意义

目的:探讨p14ARF、p53和p21WAF1蛋白在不同级别脑胶质瘤组织中的表达及其在胶质瘤发生、发展中的生物学意义.方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测Ⅱ级和Ⅳ级胶质瘤组织中p14ARF、p53和p21WAF1蛋白的表达,并分析其与胶质瘤组织学分级之间的关系.结果:Ⅱ级和Ⅳ级胶质瘤中,p53蛋白的阳性表达率分别为28.00%(7/25)及60.87%(14/23)(P＝0.022),其阳性表达率随胶质瘤恶性程度的增加而升高,Spearman等级相关分析显示,p53的表达与胶质瘤分级呈正相关(P<0.05);p21WAF1的阳性表达率分别为76.00%(19/25)及39.13%(9/23)(P＝0.010) ,p14ARF的阳性表达率分别为76.00%(19/25)及 34.78%(8/23)(P＝0.004),二者阳性表达率均随胶质瘤恶性程度的增加而降低,Spearman等级相关分析显示,p21WAF1、p14ARF的表达与胶质瘤分级呈负相关(P<0.05).结论:胶质瘤组织中,p53呈不同程度的过表达,且随胶质瘤恶性程度的增加而表达水平升高;p21WAF1、p14ARF随胶质瘤恶性程度的增加表达水平降低.突变型p53蛋白的过表达以及p21WAF1、p14ARF蛋白的低表达,可促进胶质瘤的发生、发展.     

膀胱移行细胞癌组织TGF—β1和细胞周期调控因子表达及其意义的研究

目的:通过检测TGF-β1、p21WAFI/CIPI(简称p21)、Cyclin D1和Ki-67在膀胱移行细胞癌(transitional cellcarcinoma,TCCs)组织中的表达,探讨TGF-β1在膀胱癌细胞周期调控中的作用及时细胞增殖的影响.方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测50例TCCs标本和10例正常膀胱黏膜组织中TGF-β1、p21、Cyc-lin D1和Ki-67的表达,分析与病理分级、临床分期、肿瘤数目、复发的关系及相关指标之间的相关性.结果:TGF-β1在TCCs组阳性表达率为58%,显著高于正常膀胱黏膜组(20%),且与分级、分期呈负相关;初发组TGF-β1和p21表迭均高于复发组,P<0.001.p21表达与分级、分期呈负相关,P<0.005.Cyclin D1随分级、分期增高其表达有增强的趋势,但差异无统计学意义,P<0.05;复发组、多发组的表达显著高于初发组、单发组.Ki-67表达随分级、分期升高,呈正相关;复发组、多发组表达显著高于初发组、单发组.TGF-β1与p21的表达呈正相关,与Ki-67呈负相关.结论:TGF-β1在TCCs早期表达升高,诱导细胞周期负性调控因子p21的表达,从而抑制Cyclin D1-CDK4/6复合物的活性,以及肿瘤生长.随着膀胱癌的恶变演进,TGF-β1表达下降,其诱导p21表达的作用减弱,而Cyclin D1促进细胞周期进程及其增殖作用占优势.     

Cyclin D1在肝细胞癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨Cyclin D1蛋白表达在肝细胞癌发生、发展中的作用.方法免疫组化S-P法检测40例肝细胞癌(HCC)、15例肝硬化组织和5例正常肝组织石蜡标本Cyclin D1蛋白表达.结果Cyclin D1蛋白在HCC、肝硬化、正常肝组织表达阳性率分别为57.5%(23/40)、46.67%(7/40)、40%(2/5),Cyclin D1蛋白在HCC中表达与肝硬化和正常肝组织中表达比较无显著差异(P＞0.05),Cyclin D1表达仅与HCC的组织学分级有统计学差异.结论Cyclin D1与HCC的发生、发展有一定联系,在判断患者病情预后方面有较重要的价值.     

Expression of cell-cycle regulators, cyclin E and p21WAF1/CIP1, potential prognostic markers for gastric cancer.

AIMS: The deregulation of cyclin, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their inhibitors could have a crucial role in the development of diverse human cancers. METHODS: In this study, we analysed the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1 in 84 surgically resected gastric cancers by immunohistochemistry with long-term follow-up (median 38 months). We also evaluated the relation between each cell cycle regulator and various clinicopathological findings, including age, sex, histological grade, tumour location, tumour type and stage and lymph-node metastasis. RESULTS: Overexpression of cyclin D1 and E was detected in 21/84 (25%) and 34/84 (40.5%) patients, respectively. Normal gastric epithelium showed consistently positive immunostain for p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1 in more than 50% of nuclei. Loss of p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1 expression was noted in 45/84 (53.6%) and 44/84 (52.4%) patients, respectively. Among the various clinicopathological findings, overexpression of cyclin E was associated with lymph-node metastasis (P=0.003) and recurrence (P=0.043). Loss of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression was more frequent in diffuse type cancers (P=0.005) and was correlated with recurrence (P=0.002) and death (P=0.002). Overexpression of cyclin E and loss of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression were significantly correlated with decreased disease-free (P=0.037; P= 0.001) and overall (P=0.031; P=0.001) survival. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that immunohistochemical analysis for cell cycle regulators, especially cyclin E and p21WAF1/CIP1, might be a useful prognostic indicator in gastric cancer.     

FHIT、p21waf1/cip1基因在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达与意义

目的:通过测定脆性组氨酸三联体基因(FHIT)及p21waf1/cip1基因在膀胱移行细胞癌组织、正常膀胱组织中的表达,探讨FHIT基因以及p21waf1/cip1基因与膀胱癌的关系及其临床意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法对43例膀胱移行细胞癌(BTCC)组织及14例正常膀胱组织中的FHIT基因及p21waf1/cip1基因的蛋白表达进行检测。结果:FHIT蛋白表达与肿瘤的分期、分级无相关性(P>0.05)而p21waf1/cip1蛋白的表达与之有相关性(P<0.05);FHIT蛋白的表达在GI肿瘤、浅表性肿瘤中明显低于在正常膀胱组织中的表达(P<0.05)而p21waf1/cip1蛋白的表达在上述组织比较中无差别(P>0.05);FHIT蛋白的表达在初发肿瘤中与复发肿瘤中无明显差别(P>0.05)而p21waf1/cip1蛋白的表达在上述两种组织比较有明显差别(P<0.05)。FHIT蛋白与p21waf1/cip1蛋白的表达没有相关性(P>0.05)。结论:FHIT基因可能成为早期诊断膀胱移行细胞癌的指标。p21waf1/cip1基因可能成为估计膀胱移行细胞癌的恶性程度及肿瘤侵袭性、预后的指标。FHIT基因在膀胱移行细胞癌中的作用机制可能与p21waf1/cip1基因没有关系。     

Subcellular localisation of cyclin D1 protein in colorectal tumours is associated with p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression and correlates with patient survival

We investigated the expression of the cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin D1 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) (p21) in human colorectal carcinomas using immunohistochemistry. Cyclin D1 was not detected in normal colonic epithelium; however, expression was observed in 74/126 (58.7%) of the tumour samples studied. Protein was detected in the nucleus in 22/126 (17.4%) and exclusively in the cytoplasm in 52/126 (41.3%) tumours. Nuclear expression of cyclin D1 was associated with poorly differentiated tumours (p = 0.035) and was more common in right- than in left-sided tumours (p = 0.005). Tumours displaying either, expression of cytoplasmic, (p = 0.05, HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.31-1.0) or nuclear (p = 0.021, HR 0.24, 95% CI 0.07-0.81) cyclin D1 were associated with improved patient survival compared with tumours negative for cyclin D1. p21 protein was strongly expressed mainly in the upper crypts of normal colonic epithelial cells, but in 63/126 (50%) of the tumour samples studied p21 expression was absent. Patients with tumours in which >50% of cells expressed p21 had improved survival compared to patients whose tumours were negative or had < or =50% of cells expressing p21 (p = 0.06, HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.1-1.0). We also observed a significant association between cyclin D1 subcellular localisation and p21 expression: 21/22 (95.5%) tumours expressing cyclin D1 in the nucleus also expressed p21, whereas only 17/52 (32.7%) of the tumours displaying exclusive cytoplasmic cyclin D1 staining were positive for p21 (p < 0.001). These data highlight the significance of exclusive cytoplasmic expression of cyclin D1 in colorectal cancer and lend support to recent in vitro studies suggesting that p21 protein may modulate the subcellular localisation of the cyclin D1 protein. Thus, deregulated expression of the cyclin D1 and p21 proteins are important in colorectal tumourigenesis and have implications for patient prognosis.     

Cyclin E和p27~(kip1)在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及其意义

目的　探讨CyclinE和p2 7kip1在膀胱移行细胞癌 (BTCC)中的表达 ,并评价其相关性和意义。方法　应用鼠抗人CyclinE和 p2 7kip1单克隆抗体对 65例BTCC和 12例正常粘膜进行免疫组化SP法染色。结果　CyclinE在BTCC中阳性表达率随着病理分级 (P <0 .0 5 )和临床分期 (P <0 .0 1)的升高而增高 ,有淋巴结转移组非常显著高于无淋巴结转移组 (P <0 .0 1) ;而p2 7kip1在BTCC中的阳性表达率随着临床分期和病理分级的增高而降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,有淋巴结转移组显著低于无淋巴结转移组 (P <0 .0 5 )。CyclinE和 p2 7kip1在BTCC中表达具有负相关性 (r =-0 .2 62 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　CyclinE对BTCC的分化、增殖、浸润和转移可能起促进作用 ;而p2 7kip1则对BTCC的分化、增殖、浸润和转移可能起抑制作用 :两者在细胞周期进展中的共同表达失调 ,可能是导致BTCC发生发展和向恶性表型转化的机制之一。     

Expression of the tumor suppressor gene ARHI in epithelial ovarian cancer is associated with increased expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 and prolonged progression-free survival.

PURPOSE: ARHI, an imprinted putative tumor suppressor gene, is expressed in normal ovarian epithelial cells, but its expression is down-regulated or lost in most ovarian cancer cell lines. Reexpression of ARHI in cancer cells induces p21(WAF1/CIP1), down-regulates cyclin D1 promoter activity and inhibits growth in cell culture and in heterografts. To determine the relevance of these observations to clinical cancer, we have now measured ARHI expression in normal, benign and malignant ovarian tissues using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Paraffin embedded tissues from 7 normal ovaries, 22 cystadenomas and 42 borderline lesions were analyzed using standard immunoperoxidase and in situ hybridization techniques to assess ARHI expression. In addition, immunohistochemistry against ARHI was performed on a tissue microarray containing 441 consecutive cases of ovarian carcinoma. RESULTS: Strong ARHI expression was found in normal ovarian surface epithelial cells, cysts and follicles using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Reduced ARHI expression was observed in tumors of low malignant potential as well as in invasive cancers. ARHI expression was down-regulated in 63% of invasive ovarian cancer specimens and could not be detected in 47%. When immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were compared, ARHI protein expression could be down-regulated in the presence of ARHI mRNA. ARHI expression was correlated with expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) (P = 0.0074) but not with cyclin D1 and associated with prolonged disease free survival (P = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, ARHI expression, grade and stage were independent prognostic factors. ARHI expression did not correlate with overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Persistence of ARHI expression in epithelial ovarian cancers correlated with prolonged disease free survival and expression of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1).     

K-ras oncogene subtype mutations are associated with survival but not expression of p53, p16(INK4A), p21(WAF-1), cyclin D1, erbB-2 and erbB-3 in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Previous studies of molecular prognostic markers following resection for exocrine pancreatic cancer have produced conflicting results. Our aim was to undertake a comprehensive analysis of potentially useful molecular markers in a large, multicentre patient population and to compare these markers with standard pathological prognostic variables. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were analysed from 157 patients [100 men and 57 women with a median (range) age of 60 (33-77) years] who had undergone pancreatectomy. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect expression of p16(INK4), p53, p21(WAF1), cyclin D1, erbB-2 and erbB-3. Mutations in codons 12 and 13 of the K-ras oncogene were detected by SSCP and sequencing following DNA extraction and amplification by PCR. The median (range) survival post-resection was 12.5 (3-83) months. Abnormalities of p16(INK4), p53, p21(WAF1), cyclin D1, erbB-2 and erbB-3 expression were found in 87%, 41%, 75%, 72%, 33% and 57% of cases, respectively. There was no significant correlation between expression of any of these markers and patient survival. K-ras mutations were found in 73 (75%) of 97 cases with amplifiable DNA. The presence of K-ras mutation alone did not correlate with survival, but there were significant differences in survival according to the type of K-ras mutation (p = 0.0007). Reduced survival was found in patients with GaT, cGT and GcT K-ras mutations compared to GtT, aGT and GaC mutations. In conclusion, survival was associated with type of K-ras mutation but not expression of p16(INK4), p53, p21(WAF1), cyclin D1, erbB-2 and erbB-3.     

p53, Cyclin D1, p21 (WAF1) and Ki-67 (MIB1) Expression at Invasive Tumour Fronts of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Development of Local Recurrence

Background: Expression of p53, cyclin D1, p21 (WAF1) and Ki-67 (MIB1) was evaluated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to test whether levels of these markers at invasive tumour fronts (ITFs) could predict the development of local recurrence. Materials and Methods: Archived paraffin-embedded specimens from 51 patients with T1/T2 tumours were stained immunohistochemically and analysed quantitatively. Local recurrence-free survival was tested with Kaplan-Meier survival plots (log-rank test) using median values to define low and high expression groups and with a Cox's proportional hazards model in which the expression scores were entered as continuous variables. Results: The assessment of expression of all markers was highly reliable, univariate analysis showing that patients with clear surgical margins, with low cyclin D1 and high p21 expression at the ITF had the best local recurrence-free survival. Multivariate analysis showed that these three parameters were independent prognostic factors but that neither p53 nor MIB1 expression were of prognostic value. Conclusions: Assessment of p53, cyclin D1, p21 (WAF1), and Ki-67 (MIB1) at the ITF could help to predict local recurrence in early stage oral squamous cell carcinoma cases.     

Cyclin E、CDK2和p21WAF1在食管上皮癌变过程中的表达及意义

目的探讨食管上皮癌变过程中细胞周期调控因子cyclin E、CDK2和p21WAF1的表达状况及其意义.方法应用免疫组化SP法和原位杂交方法分别检测48例食管癌组织、31例非典型增生组织和17例正常食管粘膜中cyclin E、CDK2和p21WAF1蛋白及mRNA表达.应用半定量RT-PCR和Western blot检测22例新鲜食管癌及相应癌旁组织的mRNA和蛋白表达.结果从食管正常粘膜、非典型增生组织到癌组织,cyclin E和CDK2蛋白和mRNA阳性表达率逐渐上升,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).食管癌组织中cyclin E、CDK2和p21WAF1蛋白及mRNA高表达,与癌旁组织或切缘正常食管粘膜有显著性差异(P＜0.01).cyclin E、CDK2和p21WAF1基因表达显著正相关(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结论食管上皮癌变过程中,细胞周期相关基因cyclin E和CDK2表达逐渐增强.cyclin E基因表达异常是食管癌变过程中的早期事件.p21WAF1基因在食管癌中高表达,可能与细胞周期调控的反馈机制有关.     

p16和bcl—2基因在膀胱癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨p16抑癌基因和 bcl-2凋亡抑制基因与膀胱癌生物学行为的关系。方法：采用免疫组化和核酸原位杂交等方法检测67例膀胱癌中p16和bcl-2基因的表达。结果：67例膀胱癌p16蛋白表达阳性率52．23％（35／67），失表达率47．76（32／67），其中Ⅰ，级，Ⅱ级，Ⅲ级的肿瘤p16蛋白失表达率各为14．55％，60．53％，71．43％（P＜0．05），p 16 mRNA失表达率分别为20％，40％，80％，40％，60％，100％（P＜0．05），免疫组化和原位杂交结果一致（P＞0．05），结论：p16基因表达与细胞分化呈负相关，bcl-2基因表达与细胞分化呈正相关，提示p16基因的缺失，突变和高甲基化，bcl-2基因的异常表达在膀胱癌的发生和发展中起重要的推动作用。两者均可作为判断膀胱癌生物学行为的参考指标。