TURP联合肾镜下弹道超声波碎石清石术治疗前列腺增生并发膀胱结石(附43例报告)

目的:探讨一期腔内治疗BPH并发膀胱结石的有效治疗方法.方法:采用TURP联合肾镜下气压弹道及超声碎石清石术治疗BPH并发膀胱结石43例.结果:43例均一次手术成功,无输血,无膀胱穿孔、TURP综合征及严重感染等并发症发生.术后复查KUB,膀胱内均未见结石残留,清石率达100%.住院5～7天.最大尿流率较术前明显改善.结论:TURP联合肾镜下气压弹道及超声碎石清石术治疗BPH并发膀胱结石,创伤小,恢复快,安全高效,是治疗BPH并发膀胱结石的理想方法.     

Percutaneous suprapubic cystolithotripsy for treatment of large bladder calculi

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The treatment options available for managing bladder calculi include transurethral cystolithotripsy, open cystolithotomy, and shockwave lithotripsy. For larger calculi, transurethral treatment can be time consuming, and the manipulation has the potential to cause urethral injury. Percutaneous suprapubic cystolithotripsy represents another treatment option for bladder calculi which is effective and minimally invasive. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients had bladder calculi treated with percutaneous cystolithotripsy over a 3-year period. The mean stone size was 39 mm (range 10-64 mm). Stones were single in seven patients and multiple in eight patients. The indications for cystolithotripsy were stone size >3 cm, multiple stones >1 cm, and inability to perform transurethral cystolithotripsy because of patient anatomy. Percutaneous suprapubic cystolithotripsy was done through either a 30F or a 36F cystotomy tract. Fragmentation and removal was performed with a 26F rigid nephroscope and the pneumatic Swiss Lithoclast. Suprapubic and urethral catheters were placed postoperatively in all patients. RESULTS: Each patient was cleared of the stone burden with a single procedure, and there were no major complications. The mean duration of suprapubic catheterization was 2.6 (range 1-5) days. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous suprapubic cystolithotripsy is an effective and safe technique for treating large bladder calculi. It is minimally invasive, avoids urethral injury, and, in combination with the pneumatic Swiss Lithoclast, can be used to fragment and remove large and hard bladder calculi.     

经尿道膀胱结石气压弹道碎石的技术改良：附视频

目的 改良膀胱结石腔内气压弹道碎石术式,提高膀胱结石碎石效率.方法 以电切镜鞘接上Ellik冲洗器金属接头及封水帽为工作通道,置入输尿管镜,镜下使用气压弹道击碎结石并取出结石.术中通过控制出入水量,保持膀胱轻到中度充盈,保持视野清晰.术毕使用Ellik冲洗器将碎石屑吸出膀胱.结果 42例手术一次成功率100％,结石均一次性击碎取出,碎石手术时间3～85 min,平均29.4 min,无结石残留,无中转开放手术,无膀胱穿孔、水中毒、大出血等并发症.结论 以电切镜鞘加Ellik冲洗器金属接头为工作通道的输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术,高效、简便,安全可靠,是处理膀胱结石的有效方法.     

The management of vesical calculi with combined optical mechanical cystolithotripsy and transurethral prostatectomy: is it safe and effective?

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effectiveness and reliability of the combination of optical mechanical cystolithotripsy (OMC) and transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) for the treatment of bladder calculi and obstructive benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). PATIENTS AND METHODS: From December 1990 to December 1996, 61 patients who had bladder stones and BPE or bladder neck contracture were treated with combined OMC and TURP; 32 patients who had bladder stones with no infravesical obstruction were treated with OMC alone. The records of a random selection of 97 patients with obstructive BPE who were treated with TURP only in the same period were used as the control. The operative duration time, the length of hospital stay, the duration of urethral catheterization, outcome and complications of the procedures for each patients were reviewed. The Mann-Whitney U-test and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean duration of surgery, hospital stay and urethral catheterization were significantly longer with combined OMC and TURP than with OMC alone (P<0.05). Stone-free rates were 94% after OMC alone and 93% after combined OMC and TURP. The postoperative mean peak flow rates were 14.3 mL/s after the combined procedure and 15.2 mL/s after TURP alone. The complication rates were 21% for the combined procedure and 13% for OMC alone. The complication rate of TURP was 5%, significantly lower than that for the combined procedure (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Bladder stones were associated with infravesical obstruction in two-thirds of patients. Simultaneous treatment with OMC and TURP did not change the effectiveness of these procedures, but caused additional morbidity.     

前列腺剜除术联合小切口膀胱切开术治疗大体积前列腺增生并膀胱结石的疗效观察

目的:探讨"半微创技术"即经尿道2μm激光前列腺剜除术联合小切口膀胱切开术,治疗大体积良性前列腺增生(BPH)合并大体积或多发膀胱结石的疗效。方法:对21例大体积BPH合并膀胱结石患者,采用经尿道2μm激光剜除前列腺,后经耻骨上正中切口显露膀胱,将所剜除腺体及结石取出。结果:21例手术均成功,手术时间明显缩短,患者均未输血。术后4~6d拔除尿管。术前与术后6个月Qmax分别为(6.1±2.6)ml/s和(20.5±4.3)ml/s;剩余尿分别为(125.7±61.5)ml与(19.0±5.8)ml;国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)分别为(21.6±5.2)分与(5.4±3.0)分;生活质量评分(QOL)分别为(4.3±0.5)分与(1.9±0.8)分。四项指标手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。术后随访3~6个月,2例出现暂时性尿失禁,全部患者无尿瘘、切口感染等手术并发症。结论:经尿道2μm激光前列腺剜除术结合小切口膀胱切开术,一次性治疗大体积BPH合并多发膀胱结石能明显减少手术时间,具有安全、高效的优点,对于大体积BPH合并膀胱多发结石或质硬、直径3cm结石的高龄患者值得推荐应用。     

等离子电切与TURP手术优缺点之比较

目的 了解经尿道等离子前列腺电切(PKRP)与经尿道前列腺电切(TURP)手术主要优缺点.方法 分别对近3年来76例PKRP、98例TURP进行回顾性比较.结果 等离子组手术时间(80.60±22.00)min,平均出血(50.00±15.00)ml,输血占1.78%(1/56).Qmax由术前(7.48±4.60)ml/s升至(12.375±5.25)ml/s,IPSS由术前(21.75±4.98)分降至术后(13.05±5.50)分,RUV(残余尿)由术前(88.25±52.00)ml降至(12.38±15.00)ml;TURP组手术时间(48.10±23.40)min,平均出血(134.2±90.6)ml,输血占3.8%(3/78).Qmax由术前(9.30±3.10)ml/s升至(21.40±4.50)ml/s,IPSS由术前(24.00±6.60)分降至术后(9.30±5.60)分,RUV由术前(82.40±29.30)ml降至(32.10±9.70)ml.结论 PKRP与TURP手术效果相近,并发症发生率低于TURP.     

经皮肾镜联合输尿管镜治疗双J管长期滞留并发结石

目的探讨经皮肾镜联合输尿管镜治疗长期留置双J管所致结石的临床疗效。 方法2010年7月至2020年5月我院收治双J管两端及体部结石患者7例,6例于截石位先行经尿道输尿管镜碎石,清除膀胱内、输尿管壁间段及下段管壁的结石,1例Bricker术后患者采用软性膀胱镜清除输出道内管壁的结石。改变患者体位为俯卧位,X线或超声引导下建立经皮肾镜手术通道,充分清除结石后,顺行取出导管。 结果7例患者中,2例重度肾积水的患者术前行肾穿刺造瘘,5例一期完成治疗,顺利完整取出导管,无严重并发症发生,随访3~12个月,输尿管无狭窄发生。 结论经皮肾镜联合输尿管镜处理长期留管所致的严重双J管结石,是一种安全、有效的手术方法,可完全清除结石,安全取出导管,降低术后输尿管狭窄的发生率。     

微通道经皮肾镜与组合式输尿管软镜碎石术治疗肾结石比较性研究

目的 比较微通道经皮肾镜与组合式输尿管软镜碎石术两种方式治疗肾结石的疗效和并发症.方法 100例体外冲击波碎石无效的肾结石患者,分为两组,51例患者行微通道经皮肾镜碎石术,49例患者行组合式输尿管软镜碎石术,比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症、术后住院时间、术后清除率.结果 51例微通道经皮肾镜组手术时间(53.5±19.6)min,术中出血(75.0±18.5) mL,术后住院时间为(8.0±1.5)d;术后总并发症发生率80.4％:47例结石清除,总清石率为92.16％.49例输尿管软镜组手术时间为(49.0±25.6)min,术中出血(15.2±2.9) mL,术后住院时间为(4.5±0.6)d;术后总并发症发生率为30.6％;32例结石清除,总清石率为65.31％.两者比较手术时间无明显差别;术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后并发症发生率、总清石率微通道经皮肾镜组大于组合式输尿管软镜组;但分组分层发现在多部位、多发结石方面清石率组合式输尿管软镜组优于微通道经皮肾镜组.结论 微通道经皮肾镜在治疗结石负荷＜2 cm、下盏结石、单个结石优于组合式输尿管软镜,但在多部位、多发结石方面清石率组合式输尿管软镜优于微通道经皮肾镜.     

标准通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗上尿路结石临床经验

目的 总结本院应用EMS三代超声气压弹道碎石清石系统治疗上尿路结石418例的临床经验.方法 回顾分析2005年1月至2014年6月经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)应用EMS第三代碎石清石系统治疗上尿路结石418例患者的临床资料.92例上段输尿管结石,132例单发肾结石,152例多发肾结石,42例鹿角形结石,结石大小为1.0cm× 1.4cm ～ 3.5cm×8.7cm,平均2.4cm×3.5cm.314例有肾积水,92例肾功能不全,采用标准通道经皮肾镜取石术.结果 418例手术过程均顺利,299例单通道取石,97例双通道取石;22例3通道取石.一期结石清除率为84.69％.手术时间25 ～ 210min,平均86(25 ～ 210) min.肾造瘘管留置时间平均3d.53例结石残留者46例行体外冲击波碎石(ESWL)治疗.术后因出血行超声选择性肾动脉栓塞术3例.术后发热37例,感染性休克3例,随访1 ～ 24个月,89例肾功能异常者66例术后Scr恢复正常,19例有不同程度好转.结论 经皮肾镜取石术是治疗上尿路结石的有效方法,创伤小,结石取净率高,安全可靠,值得临床推广.     

经皮肾镜取石联合肾盏颈切开术治疗肾盏憩室结石的疗效分析

目的探讨经皮肾镜取石联合钬激光肾盏憩室颈切开术治疗肾盏憩室结石的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2010年3月至2016年3月本院泌尿外科收治的21例肾盏憩室结石患者的临床资料,在B超引导下穿刺结石所在的肾盏憩室,碎石取石后并以钬激光切开憩室颈口,术后留置肾造屡管及双J管。结果21例患者均采用一期单通道碎石,并切开肾盏颈口。手术时间为35~112(50.0±16.3)min;术中出血30~250(52.0±2.3)mL。无大出血或周围脏器损伤等严重并发症发生,无中转开放手术病例,结石清除率为90.5%(19/21),随访3~12个月,所有患者憩室消失或变小。结论经皮肾镜取石联合肾盏颈切开术治疗肾盏憩室结石创伤小、并发症少,效果确切。     

微通道经皮肾镜碎石术与输尿管软镜碎石术在治疗输尿管上段结石方面的临床研究

目的 探讨输尿管软镜碎石术（F-URL）与微通道经皮肾镜碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石的疗效对比。方法 2011年1月-2014年3,选取我院对输尿管上段结石（直径>1.5cm）的患者行微通道经皮肾镜碎石术（70例）和输尿管软镜碎石术（50例）,共120例。其中轻中度肾积水68例,重度积水52例。比较各组的术后住院时间、并发症数、一次性清石率、术前术后血红蛋白降幅及手术时间等方面的差异。结果 对120例患者进行统计分析,其中F-URL与mPCNL组的术后一次性结石清除率比较,P>0.05;在120例患者中F-URL比mPCNL术后平均住院时间短,P<0.05。F-URL比mPCNL在轻中度肾积水组术前术后血红蛋白降幅小,P<0.05;F-URL与mPCNL在重度肾积水患者中术前术后血红蛋白降幅基本一致,P>0.05。F-URL比mPCNL在轻中度肾积水组手术时间短,P<0.05;F-URL比mPCNL在重度肾积水组手术时间长,P<0.05。 结论 F-URL和mPCNL均为治疗输尿管上段结石的安全、有效治疗方法;F-URL对输尿管上段结石并轻中度肾积水的病人是一种安全有效的治疗方式;mPCNL对输尿管上段结石并重度肾积水的病人是首要选择之一。     

Prostatic resection cavity large stone post transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). A rare case scenario

IntroductionTransurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) compromise the mainstay surgical treatment of LUTS due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The storage symptoms post TURP may be attributed to urinary tract infection (UTI), preoperative detrusor over-activities, and residual prostatic adenoma causing voiding symptoms.Presentation of caseA 56 year old male presented storage LUTS (mainly frequency and urgency) since two years. Two years earlier, he underwent uncomplicated monopolar TURP. The patient has occasional straining and intermittent urine. No history of hematuria. No notable medical history was present. Digital rectal examination showed small prostate. Anal tone and Bulbocavernosal reflex were intact. CT showed a large vesical stone extending into the prostatic fossa measuring 51.5 mm × 67.0 mm. The patient was managed by suprapubic cystolitholapaxy.DiscussionPost TURP LUTS necessitates evaluation with a thorough history and physical, including International Prostate Symptom Score, and urine culture to rule out infection. In a rare case report, delayed occurrence of storage and obstructive voiding symptoms after TURP can be caused by dystrophic calcification of the prostatic resection cavity. The stone could have been due to a metal or plastic piece of the resectoscope embedded in the prostatic cavity, but, this postulation was deferred based on the non-attached stone to the mucosa as confirmed by cystoscope. In such case, based on the large stone burden, more cost would be a potential burden, and longer operative time, the open cystolitholapaxy is the modality of choice.ConclusionProstatic cavity stone is a rare pathology. Incidental stone occupying the prostatic fossa post TURP is a remote possibility but it should by highlighted to raise urologist awareness for its possibility.     

一期经皮肾镜碎石取石术治疗肾输尿管上段结石合并脓肾的临床分析

目的 探讨一期经皮肾镜碎石取石术(percutaneous nephrolithotomy,PCNL)治疗肾输尿管上段结石合并脓肾的疗效.方法 回顾性分析本院近1年来42例一期PCNL术治疗肾输尿管上段结石合并脓肾患者(观察组)以及40例行二期PCNL术患者(对照组)的临床及随访资料,比较两组患者的手术时间、住院时间、住院费用、结石清除率、严重并发症(发热、中度以上贫血、感染性休克等)发生率等指标.结果 观察组患者手术时间、住院时间、住院费用均明显低于对照组患者(P＜0.05),两组患者结石清除率及术后并发症发生率比较无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 若能具备围手术期充分的评估、恰当的药物诊治及娴熟的手术操作,一期PCNL术治疗肾输尿管上段结石导致的脓肾是经济、安全、有效的,具备临床推广价值.     

斜仰卧截石位下一期输尿管软镜联合肾微造瘘治疗肾下盏结石23例效果分析

目的 探讨斜仰卧截石位下一期输尿管软镜联合肾微造瘘治疗肾下盏结石23例效果及其安全性.方法 回顾性分析23例采用斜仰卧截石位一期输尿管软镜联合肾微造瘘治疗肾下盏结石患者的临床资料.结果 所有患者术中均采用斜仰卧截石位一体的特殊体位,患侧肾微造瘘下一期免输尿管输送鞘下输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术.23例患者共有结石32枚,结石大小0.8～ 1.5cm,平均(1.21±0.36)cm,术中发现结石30枚,发现率93.8％(30/32),30枚结石均完全碎石至3mm以下,单次碎石成功率100％ (30/30),平均手术时间(45.21 ±12.33)min,术后住院2～4d,平均3.1d,无输尿管穿孔、大出血及感染性休克等并发症发生.结论 斜仰卧截石位一期输尿管软镜联合肾微造瘘治疗肾下盏结石安全有效,值得临床推广.     

经尿道等离子双极电切术和TURP治疗BPH术后阴茎勃起功能障碍的比较

目的探讨经尿道等离子双极电切术(PKRP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)术后对阴茎勃起功能的影响。方法PKRP、经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗BPH各95例,评价其术后1个月、3个月及1年阴茎勃起功能。结果PKRP、TURP术后1个月、3个月及1年阴茎勃起功能障碍(ED)发生率分别是3．2％、2．1％、2．1％和13．7％、10．5％、9．5％。结论PKRP术后ED发生率比TURP低,是一种对阴茎勃起功能较为安全的治疗良性前列腺增生的方法。     

MPCNL和FURS治疗输尿管上段结石的效果比较

目的 探讨微创经皮肾镜取石(MPCNL)、输尿管软镜(FURS)治疗输尿管上段结石的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析本院泌尿外科收治的94例输尿管上段结石患者进行回顾性分析,其中采用MPCNL治疗49例、FURS治疗45例,对比两组患者的手术期指标、结石清除及手术并发症情况.结果 FURS组患者的手术时间长于MPCNL组患者(P＜0.05),FURS组患者的住院时间短于MPCNL组患者(P＜0.05);两组间碎石成功率、清石率、Hb降低值、ESWL辅助率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).FURS组、MPCNL组患者手术后IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、CRP水平均较本组术前显著的降低(P＜0.05).FURS组的手术并发症率(4.44％)显著的低于MPCNL组的(18.37％,P＜0.05).结论 MPCNL、FURS治疗输尿管上段结石效果相当,但是FURS具有恢复较快、并发症少的优点.