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目的:观察和评价先天性胸腰椎半椎体引起的侧后凸畸形经后路Ⅰ期半椎体切除、椎弓根内固定矫形的初期手术效果。方法:9例胸腰椎先天性半椎体引起的侧后凸畸形患者行经后路Ⅰ期半椎体切除及节段性椎弓根系统内固定矫形。随访7个月~2年(平均1年4个月)。术前、术后及随访时摄站立位脊柱全长正侧位片进行观察。结果:术后平均侧凸角度由52.3°改善至14.6°,侧凸矫正率72%;平均后凸畸形由29.6°矫正至12.1°,后凸矫正率59.1%;平均躯干侧移从18.3 mm矫正至4 mm。术后6个月侧凸矫正丢失平均3°,后凸矫正丢失平均2°,最大矫正丢失不超过7°。平均手术时间3 h 10 min(2~4.5 h)。术后1例出现脑脊液漏,1例术后感觉下肢麻木,应用脱水剂4 d后消失。术后2~4个月9例均获坚强融合。结论:由先天性半椎体所引起的胸腰椎脊柱侧后凸畸形可经Ⅰ期后路半椎体切除和节段性椎弓根系统内固定矫形而获得满意的矫形效果。手术适应证为由胸椎或胸腰段半椎体畸形所引起的青少年患者的结构性侧后凸畸形。 相似文献
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背景:目前国内外尚未成功建立双足直立的灵长类的特发性脊柱侧凸实验动物模型.随着计算机和影像学的飞速发展,现在可以做到通过计算机软件来虚拟人类特发性脊柱侧凸模型,并进行相关的生物力学分析,为临床手术操作提供指导.目的:利用有限元模型验证PUMC Ⅱd_2型特发性脊柱侧凸脊柱融合治疗的最佳融合节段.设计、时间及地点:对比观察,于2007-05/2008-05在北京协和医院骨科完成.对象:PUMCⅡd_2脊柱侧凸女性患者1例,为双弯畸形.方法:利用PUMC Ⅱd_2型特发性脊柱侧凸有限元模型(T_5-S),分别模拟上胸弯融合、下腰弯融合和双弯融合方式,在侧弯凹侧端椎椎弓根内分别赋予50,100,150 N载荷,比较上弯端椎T_5和下弯端椎T_(11)在矢状面向上的位移(Z轴正值为矢状面向上的位移,负值为矢状面向下的位移)以及二者之间的差值,以T5位移代表双弯矫形效果,以T_(11)位移代表下腰弯矫形效果,二者差值(T_5~T_(11))代表上胸弯矫形效果.主要观察指标:不同融合节段、不同矫形力下的T_5和T_(11)位移.结果:对于PUMCⅡd_2型侧弯,T_5在Z轴的位移:双弯矫型较单纯上弯或者下弯矫形融合位移大(P<0.01).T_5~T_(11)位移差:双弯矫形>单纯上胸弯矫形>单纯下腰弯矫形(P<0.01).T_(11)在Z轴的位移:双弯矫形>单纯下腰弯矫形>单纯上胸弯矫形(P<0.01).结论:对于PUMCⅡd_2型侧弯,双弯矫型内固定较单纯上弯或者下弯矫形融合内固定效果好;3种载荷对于上胸弯的矫正效果:双弯矫形>单纯上胸弯矫形>单纯下腰弯矫形;3种载荷对于下腰弯的矫正效果:双弯矫形>单纯下腰弯矫形>单纯上胸弯矫形.三维有限元分析法可以作为一种有效的方法应用于脊柱侧弯畸形矫正的生物力学分析,为临床开创了一种虚拟、无创的验证方式,可以优化手术方案. 相似文献
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目的探讨重度特发性胸腰段脊柱侧凸患者应用前后路手术联合内固定的疗效及预后。方法选择60例重度特发性胸腰段脊柱侧凸患者,随机分为2组。前后路组患者给予前后路联合内固定术,后路组患者给予后路联合内固定术。观察2组患者治疗情况、术前术后指标变化及随访情况。结果 2组患者手术时间、出血量、住院时间比较有显著差异(P0.05);2组患者融合节段无显著差异(P0.05)。2组术后主弯Cobb角、后凸角及躯干偏移均有显著改善(P0.05)。2组末次随访主弯Cobb角丢失度数、后凸丢失度数、主弯Cobb角矫正率、后凸矫正率无显著差异(P0.05)。结论前后路联合内固定术与后路联合内固定术对重度特发性胸腰段脊柱侧凸患者治疗效果相当,后路联合内固定术手术时间与住院时间更短,但出血量更大,风险更高。 相似文献
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自1984年CD内固定系统发明以来,脊柱侧凸矫形概念发展为三维空间内旋转矫正,由于钩的作用点是在脊柱的中后柱,无法提供真正强大的三维矫正力,而且由于钩与脊柱间为非固定性的连接,手术过程中在进行去旋转操作时,固定钩可能出现移动,导致脱钩和附件骨折,有时甚至滑入椎管内导致脊髓损伤。经椎弓根固定时提供了贯穿脊柱三柱的强大控制力,内固定器材和骨可靠结合,提供了强大的矫正力,提高侧凸和旋转畸形的矫正率,而且术后丢失更少,胸段脊柱能得到更自然的生理性后凸,矫形效果明显高于使用钩固定。 相似文献
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背景:目前国内外尚未成功建立双足直立的灵长类的特发性脊柱侧凸实验动物模型。随着计算机和影像学的飞速发展,现在可以做到通过计算机软件来虚拟人类特发性脊柱侧凸模型,并进行相关的生物力学分析,为临床手术操作提供指导。目的:利用有限元模型验证PUMCⅡd2型特发性脊柱侧凸脊柱融合治疗的最佳融合节段。设计、时间及地点:对比观察,于2007-05/2008-05在北京协和医院骨科完成。对象:PUMCⅡd2脊柱侧凸女性患者1例,为双弯畸形。方法:利用PUMCⅡd2型特发性脊柱侧凸有限元模型(T5-S),分别模拟上胸弯融合、下腰弯融合和双弯融合方式,在侧弯凹侧端椎椎弓根内分别赋予50,100,150N载荷,比较上弯端椎T5和下弯端椎T11在矢状面向上的位移(Z轴正值为矢状面向上的位移,负值为矢状面向下的位移)以及二者之间的差值,以T5位移代表双弯矫形效果,以T11位移代表下腰弯矫形效果,二者差值(T5-T11)代表上胸弯矫形效果。主要观察指标:不同融合节段、不同矫形力下的T5和T11位移。结果:对于PUMCⅡd2型侧弯,T5在Z轴的位移:双弯矫型较单纯上弯或者下弯矫形融合位移大(P〈0.01)。T5~T11位移差:双弯矫形﹥单纯上胸弯矫形﹥单纯下腰弯矫形(P〈0.01)。T11在Z轴的位移:双弯矫形﹥单纯下腰弯矫形﹥单纯上胸弯矫形(P〈0.01)。结论:对于PUMCⅡd2型侧弯,双弯矫型内固定较单纯上弯或者下弯矫形融合内固定效果好;3种载荷对于上胸弯的矫正效果:双弯矫形〉单纯上胸弯矫形﹥单纯下腰弯矫形;3种载荷对于下腰弯的矫正效果:双弯矫形〉单纯下腰弯矫形〉单纯上胸弯矫形。三维有限元分析法可以作为一种有效的方法应用于脊柱侧弯畸形矫正的生物力学分析,为临床开创了一种虚拟、无创的验证方式,可以优化手术方案。 相似文献
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郭俊斌 《中国组织工程研究与临床康复》2009,13(30)
生长发育状态、弯曲的类型、脊柱的旋转、外观畸形程度等因素是青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者外科治疗指征,支具治疗现在已很少使用,随着脊柱三维理论的完善和内固定技术的进步,CD、TSRH、中华长城等第三代内固定系统是目前关注的热点.椎弓根螺钉系统矫正脊柱侧凸其固定作用非常有效,在矢状面、冠状面的畸形及椎体旋转畸形的矫正能力更强,通过旋转棍棒,使胸椎的侧凸转为后凸,使腰椎的侧凸转为前凸,三维矫正脊侧凸畸形,改善外观. 相似文献
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脊柱侧凸矫形预测方法评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
背景传统评价脊柱侧凸的方法有多种,例如仰卧位像、牵引像、俯卧位推压像以及侧方弯曲像等.近年来,支点弯曲像已成为术前评价脊柱柔韧度的新方法.目的比较站立位弯曲像、悬吊牵引像和支点弯曲像对脊柱侧凸矫形的预测作用与价值.设计随机对照研究.地点和对象研究在北京协和医院骨科完成.对象为该科收治的胸椎侧凸畸形患者27例,男10例,女17例;平均年龄15.4岁.干预全部病例术前行脊柱正侧位、站立位弯曲像、悬吊牵引像和支点弯曲像检查,采用后路脊柱侧凸矫形植骨融合术,第3代节段性内固定系统固定.主要观察指标脊柱正侧位、站立位弯曲像、悬吊牵引像和支点弯曲像以及术后正位像的Cobb角.结果①术后平均Cobb角为31°,较术前胸弯(平均Cobb角为61°)明显改善(t=1.706,P<0.01),平均矫正率为51.6%.②3种检查方法均与术后胸弯Cobb角呈正相关(P<0.01).③Fulcrum像与术后Cobb角差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),其他两种方法与术后Cobb角差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01).结论①Fulcrum像可以用于评价胸弯的柔韧度,其效果优于站立位Bending像和悬吊牵引像.②分析脊柱侧凸畸形及预测脊柱侧凸的矫形需联合应用3种方法. 相似文献
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背景:随着脊柱三维矫形理论的提出,胸廓成形术日益受到重视,其中后路凸侧胸廓成形可在脊柱侧凸矫形之前或之后进行,目前临床尚无统一时机要求。
目的:观察不同时机行后路凸侧胸廓成形对KingⅡ型脊柱侧凸胸弯顶椎及邻近节段去旋转效果的影响。
设计、时间及地点:病例对比观察,于2000-01/2007-07在中山大学附属第二医院完成。
对象:选择中山大学附属第二医院收治的应用全椎弓根钉技术+凸侧胸廓成形治疗的KingⅡ型脊柱侧凸患者26例,KingⅡA型10例,KingⅡB型16例。
方法:根据术中胸廓成形时机分为2组,去旋转前组12例于去旋转前先行凸侧胸廓成形术,去旋转后组14例于去旋转后再行凸侧胸廓成形术。手术方式均为后路全椎弓根钉矫形固定,顶椎及邻近节段采用万向钉固定,术中去旋转采用CD技术,全部病例均未行前路松解。
主要观察指标:利用秩和检验比较两组患者的胸弯Cobb角矫正率、顶椎及邻近脊椎去旋转率。
结果:①两组患者胸弯Cobb角矫正率差异无显著性意义(P=0.17)。②去旋转前组患者的项椎及邻近脊椎去旋转率高于去旋转后组(21.4%,15.1%,P=0.026)。
结论:后路去旋转前切除项椎及附近脊椎凸侧肋骨(胸廓成形)可提高KingⅡ型脊柱侧凸患者胸弯项椎及邻近节段的去旋转效果。 相似文献
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背景:主弯Cobb角大于65°、柔韧性小于34.5%的重度僵硬性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸多以传统的前后联合入路手术矫正,但并发症较多.应用使单纯后路手术对矫正置入椎弓根螺钉固定材料植入并植骨融合是否会有更好的效果?目的:评价单纯后路矫正椎弓根螺钉固定材料并植骨融合术矫正治疗重度僵硬性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的效果.设计:病例分析.单位:上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院骨科.对象:选择1999-06/2005-08在上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院骨科收治的20例重度僵硬性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者,男8例,女12例,年龄12~18岁,平均15岁.均经全脊柱X片确诊.King-Moe分型Ⅰ型4例,Ⅱ型6例,Ⅲ型5例,Ⅳ型3例,Ⅴ型2例.术前侧凸主弯平均Cobb角82°(75o~92o),平均柔韧性为30%(20%~40%),术前平均双肩高度差为15 mm(5~35 mm). 患者中Risser征1度3例,2度5例,3度6例,4度5例,5度1例.患者及家属均对治疗知情同意,实验经过医院伦理委员会批准许可.本组患者所用的人工骨为美国Wright公司的产品Osteoset.方法:患者均行单纯后路矫正椎弓根螺钉固定植骨融合手术,暴露预定融合范围内椎体的棘突、椎板、关节突关节及横突.暴露完成后先根据进钉点的解剖标志以徒手技术在术前确定的"关键性椎体"上置入椎弓根螺钉.其中6例手术以TSRH系统进行固定,其余手术均以CDH M8系统固定.术后评估手术时间及失血量.术后7 d 采用X线测量患者Cobb角,计算主弯矫正率,同时评估双肩高度差及住院时间.术后4年随访患者并发症及恢复情况.主要观察指标:①手术时间及失血量.②Cobb角及主弯矫正率.③双肩高度差及住院时间.④随访结果.结果:患者20例均进入结果分析.①手术时间及失血量:手术时间为3.2~4.3 h,平均3.5 h;失血量为660~1 070 mL,平均865 mL.②Cobb角及主弯矫正率:术后主弯平均Cobb角从术前的82°(75o~ 92o)矫正到31°(22°~37°),平均矫正率为62%.③双肩高度差及住院时间:术后脊柱侧位片均显示患者胸腰椎基本恢复正常后凸及前凸,平均双肩高度差为7.5 mm(0~11 mm),患者住院日为8~11 d, 平均9 d.④随访结果:所有患者均获术后4年随访,所有侧凸主弯矫正角度未发生丢失,固定节段全部融合,无断钉、断棒发生.结论:单纯后路椎弓根螺钉内固定材料置入并植骨融合术能有效治疗主弯在75o~92o,柔韧性≥ 20%的重度僵硬性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸. 相似文献
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Progressive idiopathic scoliosis, despite the good effects of treatment by kinesitherapy and corrective corsets, continues to pose a complicated problem in planning surgical procedure. On the one hand, the steady growth and improvement of systems for three-plane correction and fixation of scoliosis improves the radiological and clinical outcome; on the other hand, three arises the necessity to choose the surgical procedure and system of implants appropriate for the given type, localization, and angular dimensions of the curvature. The problems faced by the operating surgeon include not only making the right choice of implants, but also arranging the transpedicular screws and hooks at the proper strategic points along the curvature of the spine.
On the basis of clinical material from 200 patients surgically treated for idiopathic scoliosis, the authors present surgical solutions and analyze various implant systems (CD-HORIZON, DERO, STRYKER), made of steel or titanium, for three-plane correction and fixation of the spine. Attention is called to the application in the lumbar spine of transpedicular screws, which improve the correction and fixation of the spine and reduce the amount of instrumentation needed, while assuring the essential horizontal arrangement of the lower lumbar vertebrae.
The authors' own experience shows that modern systems for three-plane correction and fixation of the spine in scoliosis exceeding 750, despite spondylodesis, do not assure the proper correction and biomechanical value, in comparison to the Wisconsin method, which combines BW distraction with Luque intersegmentary fixation. 相似文献
On the basis of clinical material from 200 patients surgically treated for idiopathic scoliosis, the authors present surgical solutions and analyze various implant systems (CD-HORIZON, DERO, STRYKER), made of steel or titanium, for three-plane correction and fixation of the spine. Attention is called to the application in the lumbar spine of transpedicular screws, which improve the correction and fixation of the spine and reduce the amount of instrumentation needed, while assuring the essential horizontal arrangement of the lower lumbar vertebrae.
The authors' own experience shows that modern systems for three-plane correction and fixation of the spine in scoliosis exceeding 750, despite spondylodesis, do not assure the proper correction and biomechanical value, in comparison to the Wisconsin method, which combines BW distraction with Luque intersegmentary fixation. 相似文献
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宋相建 《中国组织工程研究与临床康复》2003,7(2):326-326
DⅡRODUCⅡ0NScol-08i8 i8 a complex three dimensional deformity induding lateralbentinfrontal dimension,increase or decreasein anterior or p08te.fiorphy~eal curvature and rotation deformi~inaxialdimension.The~adifionaltze.atment,indudingHazlJngton哩Btemwhichmainly cor-蛐det'ormi~in frontal dimomi~a.iB easy to c肌8e plane-back小,f砌ty and easy蛔10聃correction.We have eorroeted 52 C.a~fl ofseo~osis bythree dimensional apparatus andthrough~nowing-upfor1—4 years,W6 have obaerved excellent eff… 相似文献
14.
背景:胸椎黄韧带骨化症手术难度大,手术技巧要求高,处理不当易发生神经功能障碍加重。目的:分析胸椎黄韧带骨化症的手术方法及功能恢复情况。设计:病例分析。单位:解放军第二军医大学长征医院骨科。对象:长征医院骨科1996-08/2003-08收治的胸椎黄韧带骨化症患者56例。方法:所有患者进行手术治疗:①对于MRI,CT检查胸椎黄韧带骨化为局灶型,病变范围不超过2个节段,采用单纯后路椎管后壁切除减压,共19例。②涉及2个以上节段,可采用单侧开门整块椎板撬拨法,共29例。③胸椎同一平面胸椎黄韧带骨化症合并胸椎间盘突出或后纵韧带骨化时,采用后正中入路 侧后方入路的次环状减压治疗,共8例。主要观察指标:根据Epstein标准评价功能恢复情况,优:感觉、运动恢复到接近正常;良:脊髓功能明显改善,借支具行走;可:感觉、运动功能小部分恢复,仍不能行走;差:无效或加重。结果:55例随访1年以上,1例随访至术后2个月。①其中功能恢复优39例,良8例,可5例,差4例。②术后症状恢复依次为束带感消失,肌张力下降,麻木减轻。③术后3~6个月是恢复较快的时期,部分患者术后1年仍有改善,2年以后基本无再进步;完全截瘫者恢复较差;病史长、截瘫重者恢复亦差。结论:胸椎黄韧带骨化所导致的脊髓压迫症须早期手术治疗,可根据不同情况选择胸椎管后壁切除减压及侧后方入路的次环状减压的手术方式。 相似文献
15.
Remel Alingalan Salmingo Shigeru Tadano Kazuhiro Fujisaki Yuichiro Abe Manabu Ito 《Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)》2013
Background
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a complex spinal pathology characterized as a three-dimensional spine deformity combined with vertebral rotation. Various surgical techniques for correction of severe scoliotic deformity have evolved and became more advanced in applying the corrective forces. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between corrective forces acting on deformed rods and degree of scoliosis correction.Methods
Implant rod geometries of six adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients were measured before and after surgery. An elasto-plastic finite element model of the implant rod before surgery was reconstructed for each patient. An inverse method based on Finite Element Analysis was used to apply forces to the implant rod model such that it was deformed the same after surgery. Relationship between the magnitude of corrective forces and degree of correction expressed as change of Cobb angle was evaluated. The effects of screw configuration on the corrective forces were also investigated.Findings
Corrective forces acting on rods and degree of correction were not correlated. Increase in number of implant screws tended to decrease the magnitude of corrective forces but did not provide higher degree of correction. Although greater correction was achieved with higher screw density, the forces increased at some level.Interpretation
The biomechanics of scoliosis correction is not only dependent to the corrective forces acting on implant rods but also associated with various parameters such as screw placement configuration and spine stiffness. Considering the magnitude of forces, increasing screw density is not guaranteed as the safest surgical strategy. 相似文献16.
背景:研究认为单纯椎管减压治疗退行性腰椎侧凸并椎管狭窄难以获得长期疗效,因为单纯减压被视为一种医源性的腰椎失稳,从而加重腰椎畸形。 目的:分析腰后路减压、矫形固定、融合治疗退行性腰椎侧凸并椎管狭窄,半年随访矫正角度评价。 方法:退行性腰椎侧凸并椎管狭窄患者23例均采用腰后路减压、矫形固定、融合治疗。采用症状目测类比评估表、Oswestry功能障碍指数评分表、SF-36调查问卷、腰椎冠状位Cobb角对患者治疗前和末次随访时生活质量变化情况及矫正角度进行评价。 结果与结论:患者随访均超过6个月。Cobb 角治疗前平均(23.94±177;11.4)°;,治疗后平均(10.28±177;6.93)°;治疗后末次随访患者平均目测类比评分显著低于治疗前(P 〈0.05);治疗后末次随访Oswestry功能障碍指数评分显著低于治疗前(P〈0.05),Oswestry功能障碍指数评分改善优良率为83.33%;治疗后SF-36调查问卷中的8个维度分值均较治疗前明显提高(P〈0.05)。半年随访期间矫正角度无明显丢失,融合器无移位,内固定无断裂,植骨融合率100%。 相似文献
17.
付正 《临床医学研究与实践》2020,5(10):50-52
目的比较后路长节段与短节段椎弓根钉棒系统固定术治疗退变性脊柱侧弯的效果。方法选取本院收治的64例退变性脊柱侧弯患者为研究对象,依据随机对照原则将其分为对照组和观察组,各32例。对照组行后路短节段椎弓根钉棒系统固定术,观察组行后路长节段椎弓根钉棒系统固定术。比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果对照组手术时间短于观察组,术中出血量少于观察组(P<0.05);术后1个月,两组的Cobb角均小于术前,且观察组小于对照组(P<0.05);术后,两组VAS、ODI评分均低于术前,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);对照组的术后并发症总发生率为6.25%,略低于观察组的15.62%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论后路长节段固定融合术利于Cobb角与脊柱功能恢复,而短节段固定融合术在手术时间、术中出血量以及术后并发症方面有明显优势。 相似文献
18.
Background. The aim of our study was to assess the course and outcome in scoliosis without spondylodesis in the lumbar spine after surgical correction performed in the thoracic segment with the C-D method in patients with King's type II scoliosis (Lenke's IB, IC). Material and methods. 42 patients with idiopathic scoliosis were operated in the thoracic spine. The Cobb's angle averaged 635 +/- 9.2 degrees , together with coexistent lumbar scoliosis of 50.1 +/- 13.2 degrees . The mean observation time after surgery with the C-D method was 4.3 +/- 1.8 years. Both curvatures of correction, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis were evaluated, as well as the thoracic-lumbar angle and shape of the lumbar scoliosis in relation to the central vertical sacral line were analyzed. Results. C-D surgery corrected thoracic scoliosis up to 28.8 +/- 8.3 degrees (54.6% scoliosis correction). Secondary correction of lumbar scoliosis not treated with C-D instrumentation made it possible to obtain a Cobb's angle of 28.9 +/- 9.7 degrees (42.3% scoliosis). Selective instrumentation and spondylodesis of scoliosis in the thoracic spine coexisted with transient decompensation of the posture on the left after surgery in 7 patients. Subsequent postsurgical observation showed the percentage of scoliosis correction in the lumbar spine decreasing to 32.7% and then to 29%. The number of patients with posture decompensation decreased to 2 cases. Conclusions. Equilibrated correction of scoliosis at the thoracic level reaching 50-60% of initial value is correlated in postsurgical observation with a small percentage of secondary decompensation of posture. The number of patients with postoperative decompensation decreases with corrections in the lumbar spine not treated with instrumentation during scoliosis surgery. 相似文献