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1.
Nibha Mishra Awadesh Oraon Abhimanyu Dev Venkatesan Jayaprakash Arijit Basu Ashok K. Pattnaik Satya N. Tripapthi Mustari Akhtar Sadab Ahmad Shreyshri Swaroop Mahua Basu 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010
Aim of the study
To systematically investigate the anticonvulsant activity of methanol extract of Benkara malabarica roots and to provide a biochemical basis elucidating its mode of action.Methods
The median lethal dose (LD50) of Benkara malabarica extract was determined. The anticonvulsant activity of the extract was assessed in strychnine-induced and isoniazide-induced convulsion models; phenytoin (20 mg/kg) and diazepam (1 mg/kg) were used as standards, respectively. Percentage protection provided by the drug was accounted as decrease in the number of convulsions within 8 h of observation. Mechanism of action was studied by performing GABA transaminase (GABA-T) assay, isolated from rat brain. Active constituent was isolated and characterized from the plant extract.Results
The median lethal dose (LD50) of Benkara malabarica was found to be more than 500 mg/kg. It demonstrated 30% and 35% protection against strychnine-induced convulsions and 60% and 80% protection against isoniazide-induced convulsions, at doses of 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively. Enzyme assay results revealed that Benkara malabarica extract possesses GABA-T inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.721 mg/ml). Scopoletin which was identified as the major constituent of the extract was found to be an inhibitor of GABA-T (IC50 = 10.57 μM).Conclusions
The anticonvulsant activity of the plant extract is predominantly GABA mediated and may be due to the action of scopoletin alone or is a result of synergy of different compounds in the extract in which scopoletin is the major constituent. 相似文献2.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Bunium persicum is an endemic plant to Iran which its seeds have a long history of medicinal uses.Aim of the study
This work aimed to study the anticonvulsant effect of the essential oil and methanolic extract of the plant.Materials and methods
The essential oil and methanolic extract of the plant were studied against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) induced convulsions in mice in different doses. The neurotoxicity of the essential oil and methanolic extract was investigated using rotarod method.Results
The essential oil and methanolic extract prolonged the onset of clonic and tonic seizures in PTZ. The tonic seizures were prevented by essential oil in both methods at dose of 1 mL/kg and higher doses. The methanolic extract inhibited PTZ-convulsions at dose 3 g/kg and was ineffective against MES induced convulsion.Conclusions
The essential oil of the plant might be useful to control absence and grand mal seizures at dose 1 mL/kg. This activity might be due to its content of monoterpenes. 相似文献3.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Ficus religiosa Linn is frequently used for the treatment of nervous disorders among Pawara tribe of the Satpuda range, India.Aim of the study
This study aimed to investigate the anticonvulsant activity of the aqueous aerial root extract of Ficus religiosa in chemoconvulsant-induced seizures in mice.Materials and methods
The anticonvulsant activity of the extract (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) was investigated in strychnine-, pentylenetetrazole-, picrotoxin- and isoniazid-induced seizures in mice. Rat ileum and fundus strip preparations were used to study the effect of the extract on acetylcholine (Ach)- and serotonin (5-HT)-induced contractions, respectively.Results
The extract showed no toxicity and protected the animals in the strychnine and pentylenetetrazole tests in a dose-dependent manner. Its effect in the picrotoxin and isoniazid tests, however, was less potent. The extract also exhibited dose-dependent potentiation of Ach in rat ileum but failed to potentiate the effect of 5-HT in rat fundus strip preparation.Conclusions
The results suggest that an orally administered aqueous root extract of Ficus religiosa has dose-dependent and potent anticonvulsant activities against strychnine- and pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. The observed activities may be ascribed to the appreciable content of zinc and magnesium in the extract. 相似文献4.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC has been extensively used in Brazilian traditional medicine to treat gastric ulcer.Aim of the study
This study was conducted to evaluate the antiulcerogenic property of hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the leaves of Brassica oleracea.Materials and methods
Antiulcer assays were performed using the protocol of ulcer induced by ethanol/HCl, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Parameters of gastric secretion (volume, pH and [H+]) were determined by the pylorus ligation model and mucus in gastric contents.Results
In the ethanol-induced ulcer model, we observed a significant reduction in all the parameters analyzed, obtaining curative ratios of 58.8 ± 11.5, 86.2 ± 12.2 and 42.8 ± 6.6% for the groups treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of extract and omeprazole (30 mg/kg), respectively. The dose of 25 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of Brassica oleracea showed no significant results. In the indomethacin-induced ulcer, the percentages of ulcer inhibition were 64.3 ± 9.9, 66.4 ± 12.3 and 81.2 ± 7.5% for the groups treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg extract and positive control (cimetidine, 100 mg/kg), respectively. The results showed a significant increase in pH and mucus production in the groups treated with Brassica oleracea when compared with the control group. No sign of toxicity was observed in the acute toxicity study.Conclusions
The results of the present study show that hydroalcoholic extract of Brassica oleracea displays antiulcer activity, as demonstrated by the significant inhibition of ulcer formation induced using different models. The data suggest that the effectiveness of the extract is based on its ability to stimulate the synthesis of mucus, increase pH and decrease H+ ions in the stomach. This work corroborates the ethnopharmacology use of Brassica oleracea preparations, contributing to its pharmacological validation by suggesting that preparations obtained from Brassica oleracea could be used for the development of new phytopharmaceuticals for the treatment of gastric ulcer. 相似文献5.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Axonopus Compressus is commonly used by the people of Southern Nigeria to treat different ailment such as common cold and diabetes. This study therefore, evaluated the anti-diabetic effect of the methanolic leaf extract of the plant.Materials and methods
Diabetes was induced in the rats by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of alloxan monohydrate at the dose of 180 mg/kg. Three test doses of the extract (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) administered per os through gastric gavage to the rats were used in the study. The activity was compared to a standard reference drug (glibenclamide, 2 mg/kg) and a negative control. Blood from the tail snip was used to measure the effects of the extract and drug at 0, 1, 3 and 6 h using autoanalyzer (AccuCheck Active®) glucose kit.Results
Methanolic leaf extract of Axonopus compressus at all the doses (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) used caused a respective time dependent and significant (p < 0.0001) reduction (by 31.5%, 19.8% and 24.5%) of the blood glucose levels in the diabetic rats when compared to the negative control group at the 6th hour. However, the reference drug (glibenclamide, 2 mg/kg) decreased the blood glucose levels by 69.9% and the tween 20 solution (negative control) increased the blood glucose level by 15.2% at the 6th hour. Moreso, the extract at the different test doses caused various degrees of reduction of the blood glucose levels of the test rats at 1st, 3rd and 6th hours when compared to the negative control rats.Conclusion
The findings suggest that Axonopus compressus may possess antidiabetic property. 相似文献6.
Orhan N Deliorman Orhan D Aslan M Süküroğlu M Orhan IE 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2012,141(1):220-227
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Galium species have been reported to be used against epilepsy in traditional Turkish folk medicine.Aim of study
The present work was undertaken to evaluate the in vivo anticonvulsant and in vitro neuroprotective effects of Galium spurium L. and to determine the major constituents by UPLC–TOF-MS.Materials and methods
Anticonvulsant activity of the aerial parts of Galium spurium was investigated using pentylenetetrazole, picrotoxin, and maximal electroshock-induced seizure animal models. In order to evaluate the safety, neurotoxicity (Rota rod test) of the ethanol extract was also determined. In vitro neuroprotective effect of the ethanol extract of Galium spurium was assessed by acetylcholinesterase and butrylcholinesterase inhibitions. Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (UPLC–TOF-MS) was used to identify the major compounds in the extract.Results
In pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure, the ethanol extract at doses of 250 and 1000 mg/kg prolonged the onset of seizures. Similarly, Galium spurium (250 and 500 mg/kg) significantly delayed the onset of picrotoxin-induced seizures in mice and these doses also exhibited 12.5% and 17% protection, respectively, against picrotoxin-induced seizures. Furthermore, Galium spurium extract showed a significant protective effect against maximal electroshock-induced seizures at doses of 250 and 1000 mg/kg (50% and 37.5%, respectively) and also all tested doses prolonged the onset of seizures. No motor co-ordination was observed with intraperitoneal injection of Galium spurium extract at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg. The extract exhibited 16.2% inhibition against butrylcholinesterase at 200 μg/mL concentration, whereas it did not inhibit acetylcholinesterase. Phytochemical analysis of the extract based on the MS data by UPLC–TOF-MS, ten major compounds (phenolic and triterpenic acids, flavonoids and iridoids) were determined.Conclusions
The results indicate that Galium spurium may have anticonvulsant activity against picrotoxin and maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice. Phenolic acids, flavonoids and iridoids might be responsible for anticonvulsant activity. The results offer possible beneficial effects by the plant's aerial parts and may suggest a realistic explanation for its traditonal usage in epilepsy. 相似文献7.
Herrera-Ruiz M González-Carranza A Zamilpa A Jiménez-Ferrer E Huerta-Reyes M Navarro-García VM 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,138(2):261-267
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Loeselia mexicana (Lam.) Brand has been used in Mexican Traditional Medicine to treat “espanto” or “susto” (fear), which is a culturally affiliated syndrome whose symptomatology comprises loss of appetite, difficulty in sleeping, and also nausea and fatigue, with a sensation of fear or risk - real or imagined - to external stimuli.Aim of the study
The anxiolytic effect of the standardized methanol extract of Loeselia mexicana, with regard to its content of coumarin daphnoretin, was researched utilizing the elevated plus maze (EPM) in order to demonstrate whether the biological effect produced by the plant is antagonized by drugs that block γ-amino butyric acid (GABA)ergic transmission.Materials and methods
The methanolic extract of Loeselia mexicana (LmMeOH) was tested at different doses on the EPM and then the interaction of this extract was evaluated in the same model with different GABAergic drugs, such as flumazenil (FLU) 10 mg/kg, bicuculline (BIC) 5 mg/kg, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) 10 mg/kg, and picrotoxin (PTX) 2 mg/kg. The effect of all of these treatments was evaluated by means of the open field test (OFT). Coumarin content was measured by the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique.Results
The 200- and 400-mg/kg doses of methanolic extract containing 3.14 and 6.28 mg of daphnoretin, respectively, induced an anxiolytic effect in the EPM without modification of the spontaneous motor activity. The anxiolytic activity of 200 mg/kg of methanolic extract in EPM-exposed mice was antagonized by PTX, BIC, and FLU, but not by PTZ.Conclusion
The data presented here indicate that the Loeselia mexicana Brand methanolic extract possesses a significant anxiolytic effect that appears to be mediated in part by activation of the GABAergic system. 相似文献8.
Aim of the study
The fruit from Schizandra chinensis, a member of the Magnoliaceae family, has been used to treat menopause-related symptoms. We have previously reported that an aqueous extract of Schizandra chinensis fruit (ScEx) caused vascular relaxation via the production of endothelial nitric oxide. Estrogen-like molecules are known to play a protective role in cardiovascular diseases through several mechanisms, but the cardioprotective effects of ScEx have not been clearly demonstrated. Therefore, we investigated the vasculoprotective effects of ScEx on ovariectomized (OVX) and balloon-induced carotid artery injury rat models.Materials and methods
An aqueous extract of Schizandra chinensis (ScEx) was examined for its cardioprotective effects. To test the arterial response to injury, we applied the balloon-induced carotid artery model to OVX Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Rats were subcutaneously administered vehicle, 17β-estradiol (E2; 0.02 or 0.2 mg/kg/day), or ScEx (0.2 or 2.0 mg/kg/day) over the course of the study. Vessel morphology was assessed two weeks after injury. To identify the cardioprotective effects after ScEx treatment, we measured serum lipid profiles and blood pressure levels in the OVX- and sham-operated normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Serum lipid profiles were measured in OVX rats after five weeks of treatment with vehicle, E2 (0.5 mg/kg/day), or ScEx (0.5 or 5.0 mg/kg/day). Tail systolic blood pressure in OVX SHR was measured weekly.Results
In the balloon-induced carotid artery injury model, treatment with E2 (0.2 mg/kg/day) or ScEx (2.0 mg/kg/day) reduced the intimal area and the intima-to-media ratio compared to control animals. Injection of ScEx or E2 reduced body weight gain but did not inhibit the decrease in uterine weight. Treatment with ScEx (5.0 mg/kg/day) or E2 (0.5 mg/kg/day) in OVX SD rats reduced total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), TC/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and TC-(HDL-C)/HDL-C compared to control animals. In OVX rats, treatment with ScEx or E2 also significantly reduced LDL-C compared with the OVX control rats, and systolic blood pressure was significantly attenuated compared to OVX control and the sham control rats.Conclusions
ScEx treatment restored endothelial function in rats that underwent balloon-induced carotid artery injury, and it reduced serum cholesterol levels in OVX rats. Similar to E2, ScEx exihibited hypotensive effects in OVX SHR. Therefore, ScEx and E2 exhibited similar cardioprotective effects, thereby suggesting that ScEx is a potential candidate to replace estradiol in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. 相似文献9.
Moreira LQ Vilela FC Orlandi L Dias DF Santos AL da Silva MA Paiva R Alves-da-Silva G Giusti-Paiva A 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,138(2):610-615
Aim of the study
Byrsonima intermedia is commonly used for its antiseptic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties in the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery in Brazilian folk medicine. The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract and fractions of Byrsonima intermedia leaves.Materials and methods
Rats with carrageenan-induced paw edema and fibrovascular tissue growth, which was induced by subcutaneous implantation of a cotton pellet, were used as acute and chronic animal models of inflammation to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract and the individual ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and aqueous fractions of Byrsonima intermedia and catechin. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the fingerprint chromatogram of the aqueous extract and fractions of Byrsonima intermedia.Results
The crude aqueous extract at test doses of 30-300 mg/kg p.o. clearly demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by reducing carrageenan-induced paw edema, as did the ethyl acetate (100 mg/kg) and aqueous fractions (30-100 mg/kg). In the chronic inflammation rat animal model with fibrovascular tissue growth, the aqueous extract of Byrsonima intermedia (BiAE) at doses of 30-300 mg/kg and the individual EtOAc and aqueous fractions at doses of 30-100 mg/kg and catechin significantly reduced the formation of granulomatous tissue. The presence of catechin and phenolic compounds in the extract and fractions of Byrsonima intermedia was confirmed using HPLC.Conclusion
BiAE and the individual EtOAc and aqueous fractions of Byrsonima intermedia exhibited chronic and acute anti-inflammatory efficacy in rats, which supports previous claims of its use in traditional medicine. 相似文献10.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
The plant Chodara (Anisomeles malabarica R.Br. Family: Lamiaceae) has numerous therapeutic utilities in folk medicine.Aim of the study
To isolate and evaluate the anti-epileptic potential of fractions from the ethyl acetate extract (EAE) of Anisomeles malabarica leaves.Materials and methods
The EA extract (2.12% w/w) of the leaves of Anisomeles malabarica was prepared and fractionated into total flavonoids fraction (AMFF) and tannins fraction (AMTF), which subsequently evaluated for the antiepileptic activity against PTZ- and MES model in wistar rats. Diazepam and phenytoin (2 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, i.p., respectively), were used as a reference drugs. Further, the presence of flavonoid was confirmed by chemical test, TLC and HPTLC were done for the identification of the number of flavonoids with reference to standard.Results
Single dose pretreatment with AMFF (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) has found to be effective against both MES and PTZ-convulsions, but associated with a marked decrease in locomotor activity and motor activity performance (i.e., neurotoxic effects), similar to that of diazepam treatment. Interestingly, chronic treatment with AMFF at lower doses (6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg, i.p., 1 week) has also produced significant antiepileptic activity, but without causing neurotoxic effects.Conclusion
Thus, it may be concluded that the flavonoids fraction of the EA extract of Anisomeles malabarica leaves has antiepileptic potential against both MES and PTZ convulsion models. Acute treatment (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) is associated with neurotoxic activity. Whereas, chronic treatment (6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg, i.p., 1 week) also shown significant antiepileptic effect without causing neurotoxic side effects. However, further research is in progress to determine the component(s) of the flavonoids fraction of Anisomeles malabarica involved and their mechanism of action in bringing about the desirable anti-epileptic effect. 相似文献11.
Haider S Nazreen S Alam MM Gupta A Hamid H Alam MS 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,138(3):741-747
Aim of the study
To investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of the crude ethanolic extract of Adiantum capillus veneris Linn. (Adiantaceae) and its various fractions.Materials and methods
The ethanolic extract and its fractions were given at a dose of 200 mg/kg po and 300 mg/kg po for testing their anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan induced hind paw edema. The analgesic activity of the ethanolic extract and its fractions has been carried out by tail-flick method and writhing test at a dosage of 300 mg/kg po. Gastric ulceration studies have been further carried out to study the antiulcer effect of the ethanolic extract and its various fractions at dose of 900 mg/kg body weight.Results
Amongst the tested fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited better inhibition (67.27%) at 300 mg/kg po dosage when compared to the standard drug Indomethacin (63.63%) after 3 h in the carrageenan induced hind paw edema. The anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract and its various fractions appear to be related to the inhibition of NO release, and the decreasing TNF-α level. The ethanolic extract and all its fractions especially the ethyl acetate (p < 0.01) showed significant analgesic activity with insignificant ulceration as compared to the standard drug, i.e. ibuprofen. The histopathological study of ethanolic extract and its fractions reveals that none of them cause ulcer.Conclusion
The present study indicates that Adiantum capillus veneris Linn. has significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. 相似文献12.
Nogueira NP Reis PA Laranja GA Pinto AC Aiub CA Felzenszwalb I Paes MC Bastos FF Bastos VL Sabino KC Coelho MG 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,138(2):513-522
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Baccharis trimera (Less) DC. (Asteraceae), popularly known in Brazil as “carqueja”, have been used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal, hepatic and renal diseases, and inflammatory processes as rheumatism.Aim of the study
To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo toxicological effects of anti-inflammatory Baccharis trimera aqueous extract and fractions.Materials and methods
Aqueous extract of Baccharis trimera (AEBt) was produced by infusion in boiling water. After lyophylization AEBt was extracted with 80% ethanol, originating the ethanolic supernatant fraction (EFBt) and the aqueous sediment fraction (AFBt). Anti-inflammatory properties of AEBt, EFBt or AFBt (3, 30 or 300 μg/kg b.w.) were evaluated by the carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema using indomethacin (10 mg/kg) as positive control. The growth of rat hepatoma cells (HTC) and human embryo kidney epithelial cells (HEK) was determined by protein staining assay. Cytotoxicity was assayed by the tetrazolium salt (MTT) reduction. Cyclosporin was used as reference cytotoxic drug for spleen cells and doxorubicin for HTC and HEK cells. For in vivo toxicological evaluation SW male mice were daily and oral (gavage) treated with extract/fractions at 4.2 mg/kg or 42 mg/kg during 15 days. After treatment liver or kidney cells were submitted to comet assay to determine the DNA damage index, and the glutathione S-transferase activity was assayed towards ETHA (class Pi) and CDNB (several classes). Mutagenicity was evaluated by the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102.Results
The anti-inflammatory effects of EFBt were higher than those of AEBt or AFBt. Mice treatment (3-300 μg/kg) with AFBt reduced the paw edema (3 h) at lower levels (29.2-37.3%; P < 0.01), than those observed for AEBt (44.7-54.2%; P < 0.001), EFBt (49.3-58.2%; P < 0.001) or indomethacin (64.6%, P < 0.001, 10 mg/kg). The growth of kidney cells (HEK) was inhibited by AEBt (IC50 182.6 μg/ml), EFBt (IC50 78.1 μg/ml) and AFBt (IC50 86.2 μg/ml), with lower effects on HTC hepatic cell (IC50 308.8 μg/ml, 396.5 μg/ml and 167.9 μg/ml, respectively). As evaluated by MTT test, AFBt exhibited cytotoxicity for HEK cells (IC50 372.5 μg/ml), but none for HTC ones; by the way, AFBt stimulated spleen cells (EC50 2.2 μg/ml) while cyclosporine, a cytotoxic reference drug inhibited them with IC50 of 0.42 μg/ml; the IC50 for doxorubicin for HEK and HTC cells was 0.28 μg/ml and 14.4 μg/ml, respectively, at 96 h. No mutagenic potential was observed. Mice treatment with AEBt or AFBt at 42 mg/kg for 15 days altered the kidney relative weight, but not at 4.2 mg/kg. Baccharis trimera did not change liver, spleen or popliteal lymph node relative weight. DNA damage index of kidney cells was observed on mice treated with AEBt/AFBt, but not on animals treated with EFBt, while DNA lesions were detected on liver cells only after AFBt treatment. The general activities of hepatic GST and Pi GST were reduced by EFBt and AFBt treatment, respectively.Conclusions
Baccharis trimera did not show mutagenicity, inhibited the GST activity, a hepatic detoxification enzyme, and induced in vivo (genotoxicity) and in vitro toxicological effects to kidney cells. 相似文献13.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
In traditional medicine, Astragalus mongholicus (AM) has been used for the treatment of general weakness, chronic illness, and to increase overall vitality.Aim of the study
The present study investigated possible effects of the saponin fraction of AM on the central nervous system. Moreover, its effects on locomotor activity, anxiety, and hippocampal morphology were studied.Material and methods
AM extract was tested for its effects on locomotor activity using the Moti-Test, for situational anxiety in the elevated plus maze, and for anticonvulsant activity against acute pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures and in the PTZ kindling model.Results
It was shown that AM (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) did not interfere with locomotor activity and situational anxiety as measured in the elevated plus maze. In these doses, AM significantly suppressed pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures (p < 0.05). Its anticonvulsant efficacy was also evident against repeated PTZ seizures (p < 0.05). This suggests potential therapeutic usefulness. After subchronic application, the number of cells in hippocampal CA1 was reduced, whilst the cell number in CA3 and hilus remained unaffected.Conclusions
Doses of AM extract which did not interfere with locomotor acticity and situational anxiety appear to be useful in the treatment of convulsive disorders. The mechanisms underlying this effect on hippocampal morphology are not yet understood. 相似文献14.
Aim of the study
The objective of this study is to investigate the anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and sedative activities of the aqueous root extract of Securidaca longepedunculata.Materials and methods
The anticonvulsant effect of the aqueous root extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was evaluated in mice using the strychnine- and picrotoxin-induced seizure models. Its anxiolytic activity was evaluated using the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the Y maze (YM) methods (14 and 32) while the hexobarbitone induced sleep and the hole board models were used to evaluate the sedative and exploratory activities in mice respectively. The acute toxicity studies and phytochemical analysis of the extract were also carried out.Results
The extract (100–400 mg/kg) produced a significant (P < 0.01) dose dependent increase in onset of convulsion compared to the control for strychnine- and picrotoxin-induced seizures. It also produced a significant (P < 0.01) dose dependent prolongation of the cumulative time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze and Y maze compared with the control. The extract (100–400 mg/kg) produced significant (P < 0.01) reduction in the time of onset of sleep induced by hexobarbitone. The prolongation of hexobarbitone sleeping time by the extract (200 mg/kg) was comparable to that produced by diazepam (3 mg/kg). At doses of 100–400 mg/kg, the extract produced a dose dependent decrease in exploratory activity of the mice. The reduction in exploratory activity produced by the extract (400 mg/kg) was greater than that of chlorpromazine (1 mg/kg). The results obtained from the experiments indicate that the extract has central nervous system depressant and anxiolytic activities. The LD50 obtained for the acute toxicity studies using both oral and intraperitoneal routes of administration were 1.74 g/kg and 19.95 mg/kg respectively.Conclusion
These findings justify the use of Securidaca longepedunculata in traditional medicine for the management of convulsion and psychosis. 相似文献15.
Itankar PR Lokhande SJ Verma PR Arora SK Sahu RA Patil AT 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,135(2):430-433
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Carissa carandas commonly known as Karanda have a long history of use in traditional system of medicine. It is used by tribal healers of Western Ghat region of Karnataka as hepatoprotective and antihyperglycemic. However, no scientific data is available to validate the folklore claim. The present study has been designed to evaluate its unripe fruit for the antidiabetic activity.Aim
In the present study, methanol extract of unripe fruits and its fractions were studied for its antidiabetic potential.Materials and methods
The methanol extract and its fractions were screened for antidiabetic activity in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The polyphenolic, flavonoid and flavanone contents of methanolic extract and its fractions were also determined and correlated with its antidiabetic activity.Results
The experimental data indicated that the methanol extract and its ethyl acetate soluble fraction has significantly lowered the elevated blood glucose levels by 48% (p < 0.001) and 64.5% (p < 0.001) respectively at dose level of 400 mg/kg per oral after 24 h as compared to diabetic control. In order to assess the role of polyphenolic components in the relevant activity, polyphenolic and flavonoid contents were determined. The polyphenolic and flavonoid content of methanol extract and its ethyl acetate soluble fraction were found to be 15.8 ± 1.2 mg and 18.55 ± 0.34 mg (gallic acid equivalent/g extract) and flavonoid content 2.92 ± 0.03 mg and 1.534 ± 0.30 mg (rutin equivalent/g extract) respectively.Conclusion
The increased antidiabetic potential of ethyl acetate fraction over methanol extract is due to its partial purification achieved by fractionation which resulted in increase in degree of polymerization and segregation of secondary metabolites. 相似文献16.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Radix panax ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Araliaceae, RPG) has been documented to possess hair growth activity and widely used to treat alopecia, while no report has been issued to date on the effect of Fructus panax ginseng (FPG) on hair regeneration.Materials and methods
To investigate the effects of FPG extract on the proliferation of human hair dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and on the promotion of hair regeneration in C57BL6 mice, cell proliferation was evaluated in cultured DPC by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and measured the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax by immunoblot assay. We also compared the effects of topical FPG extract (1 and 10 mg/ml, 100 μl/d) with the effects of minoxidil as a positive control (5%, 100 μl/d) or vehicle control (30% ethanol) on the depilation-induced hair cycling in 7 week-old-C57BL/6 mice.Results
FPG extract significantly increased the proliferation of DPCs in dose and time dependent manners (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001). FPG extract also enhanced Bcl-2 expression and decreased Bax expression compared with control (P < 0.01). Moreover, significant elongations of anagen phase during hair cycle after application of FPG were evaluated by photographical and histological observations.Conclusions
FPG extract improves the cell proliferation of human DPCs through anti apoptotic activation. Topical administration of FPG extract might have hair regeneration activity for the treatment of hair loss. 相似文献17.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Passiflora incarnata L. (Passifloraceae) has been used for the treatment of epilepsy in several traditional systems of medicine.Aim of the study
The aerial parts of Passiflora incarnata contain multiple bioactive metabolites such as, flavonoids (like, chrysin that show CNS depressant activity by agonizing GABA-benzodiazepine receptor), amino acids (like, GABA), harmala alkaloids (reversible monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor), etc. In view of this, the present study was designed to investigate dual protective effect of the hydroethanolic extract of Passiflora incarnata in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure and associated post-ictal depression.Materials and methods
Different groups of mice were administered with repeated subconvulsive doses of PTZ (50 mg/kg; i.p.) at an interval of 5 days for 15 days. From 5th to 15th day the animals in different groups were administered daily with varying doses of hydroethanolic extract of Passiflora incarnata (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg; i.p.), diazepam (2 mg/kg; i.p.) and vehicle. On every 5th day, after PTZ treatment, seizure severity (score) was noted. Following convulsive episodes the locomotor activity (using actophotometer) and immobility period (using forced swim test) were also determined. On 15th day after behavioral assessment, the brain serotonin and noradrenaline levels were determined using spectrofluorometric methods.Results
Treatment with the extract significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the seizure severity and immobility period as compared to vehicle control, in a dose and time-dependent manner. Moreover, the extract treatment retained the serotonin and noradrenaline levels of the brain.Conclusions
The results of present study concluded that the hydroethanolic extract of Passiflora incarnata suppress PTZ-induced seizures, and ameliorates its associated post-ictal depression, which has been found to be get worsened with the standard antiepileptic drug, diazepam. 相似文献18.
Sook Yee Hor Mariam AhmadElham Farsi Chung Pin LimMohd. Zaini Asmawi Mun Fei Yam 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2011,137(3):1067-1076
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Coriolus versicolor, which is known as Yun Zhi, is one of the commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs. Recent studies have demonstrated its antitumor activities on cancer cells which led to its widespread use in cancer patient. However, little toxicological information is available regarding its safety. The present study evaluated the potential toxicity of Coriolus versicolor standardized water extract after acute and subchronic administration in rats.Materials and methods
In acute toxicity study, Coriolus versicolor water extract was administered by oral gavage to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (6 males, 6 females) at single doses of varying concentrations 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg. In subchronic toxicity study, the extract was administered orally at doses of 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg/day for 28 days to male and female SD rats respectively. General behavior, adverse effects and mortality were determined throughout the experimental period. Haematological and biochemical parameters, relative organ weights and histopathological were evaluated at the end of the experiment.Results
There were no mortality and signs of toxicity in acute and subchronic toxicity studies. In the single dose acute toxicity and repeated dose 28-day subchronic toxicity studies, there were no significant difference in body weight, relative organ weight, haematological parameters, clinical chemistry, gross pathology and histopathology between treatment and control groups.Conclusions
Coriolus versicolor water extract did not cause remarkable adverse effect in SD rats. The oral lethal dose of Coriolus versicolor water extract is more than 5000 mg/kg and no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the extract for both male and female rats is 5000 mg/kg per day for 28 days. 相似文献19.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Marsilea quadrifolia Linn (MQ) extract has been used traditionally as sedative and antiepileptic drug in India.Aim of this study
To investigate the anticonvulsive potential of MQ extracts by using behavior and electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure model in rats.Materials and methods
For anticonvulsant effect, 60 minutes after administration of MQ, behavior and EEG were analyzed during PTZ (60 mg/kg) induced seizures. Changes of EEG power, latency of onset of seizure, seizure severity score, and duration of epileptic seizure were determined.Results
Both the water and ethanol extract of MQ increased the latency of seizure but also decreased duration of epileptic seizure and seizure severity score. This reduction of seizure severity was also observed in EEG recording and EEG power analysis. The effectiveness of MQ ethanol extract is better than MQ water extract.Conclusion
Both water and ethanol extract of MQ were effective in reducing the severity of behavioral and EEG seizures induced by PTZ in rats. This study justifies the traditional use of this plant in epilepsy. 相似文献20.