椎动脉彩色多普勒对椎-基底动脉供血不足的诊断价值

目的　探讨椎动脉彩色多普勒对椎 基底动脉供血不足的诊断价值。方法　对 2 99例临床诊断为椎 基底动脉供血不足患者进行椎动脉彩色多普勒检查 ,观察多项血流参数。结果　椎动脉彩色多普勒超声诊断椎 基底动脉供血不足的阳性率为 5 6% (168/2 99)。阳性患者椎动脉内径狭窄 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;收缩期最大流速 (Vs) ,平均流速 (Vm )及舒张末期流速(Vd)较阴性患者明显减低 ,阻力指数 (RI)和搏动指数 (PI)增高 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　结果表明椎动脉彩色多普勒及频谱多普勒超声对诊断椎 基底动脉供血不足确有实用价值     

彩色多普勒诊断上肢血管疾病的价值

目的 方法探查。结果 结论探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断上肢血管疾病的价值。对临床疑有上肢血管疾病患者21例162条血管，应用彩色多普勒超声检查，从锁骨下动脉至桡尺动脉或静脉进行逐段探查。结果 发现上肢血管疾病8种，其中上肢静脉栓塞例数最多，其次为上肢动脉各节段的硬化。结论 彩色多普勒超声能够有效地检出上肢血管疾病，对于单侧上肢水肿和无脉症应列入常规检查。     

彩色多普勒超声观察正常人上肢肱动脉、桡动脉及尺动脉的表现与正常值

目的：研究正常人肱动脉、桡动脉及尺动脉的彩色多普勒超声表现及正常值。方法：利用二维超声和彩色多普勒技术对70例正常人140条手臂的肱动脉及桡、尺动脉进行超声探测。结果：受检动脉的多普勒频谱有三种形态：五相波，三相波，单相波；并获得所检动脉的多项超声测值。结论：正常人上肢动脉自近心端至远心端内径逐渐变细，最大流速、搏动指数、阻力指数递减；彩色多普勒超声可快速诊断血管病变。     

附睾炎的彩色多普勒超声分析

目的 :通过分析附睾炎的彩色多普勒超声表现 ,提高对附睾炎彩色多普勒的认识及超声诊断准确率。方法 :用高频超声对 5 9例附睾炎患者用直接方法进行彩色多普勒检查 ,并测量附睾头、体、尾部的大小 ,同时观察尾部附睾内动脉的最大流速 (Vmax) ,阻力指数 (RI)以及收缩期峰值流速与舒张期流速之比 (S/ D) ,并与相应年龄的正常人进行对照。结果 :81.4 % (4 8/ 5 9)附睾尾部肿大 ,6 .7% (4 / 5 9)附睾头部肿大 ,11.9%(7/ 5 9)附睾体尾部稍大 ,5 9例附睾炎均有彩色血流改变 ,附睾动脉各主要血流参数分别为 :附睾头部为 :Vmax17.6 1± 1.39(cm/ s)、RI0 .76± 0 .0 5 ,S/ D4 .5 1± 1.13。附睾尾部为 Vmax2 1.18± 1.2 6、RI0 .77± 0 .0 6、S/ D5 .12± 0 .13。结论 :附睾炎血流参数与正常附睾存在显著差异 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,彩色多普勒超声检查可以作为附睾炎的首选检查方法     

高频超声对电击伤上肢血液供应的探讨

目的应用高频彩色多普勒超声判断上肢电击伤血供状况。方法采用14MHz高频探头检测上肢电击伤患者肱、桡、尺动脉各26条,与正常人相应动脉12条对照,比较血管二维、彩色血流图及血流动力学指标,并与治疗、病理对照。结果保肢组9只上肢,血管壁规则,血流通畅,动脉收缩期峰值流速(SPV)与正常组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。截肢组17只上肢,动脉壁损伤,管腔节段性狭窄和扩张,血流中断,血管闭塞。血流中断近心侧SPV减慢,与正常组和保肢组均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。伴行静脉血流信号消失。超声所见与大体及镜下病理结果十分符合。结论高频彩色多普勒超声可有效评价电击伤上肢血供优劣,为临床选择治疗方案提供定性、定量的科学依据。     

叶间动脉血流动力学参数对慢性肾疾病的早期诊断价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声检测叶间动脉血流动力学参数对慢性肾疾病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)的早期诊断价值.方法 运用彩色多普勒超声对78例CKD患者和65例健康人的叶间动脉进行超声检查,测量收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期血流速度(EDV)、搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI),同时进行血清...     

彩色多普勒对颈内动脉狭窄患者视网膜中央动脉的血流检测

目的了解不同程度的颈内动脉狭窄患者,其视网膜中央动脉的血流状况,探讨颈内动脉狭窄与视网膜中央动脉血流的病变关系。方法选颈内动脉彩色多普勒超声检查,诊断有明确颈内动脉粥样硬化造成颈内动脉狭窄的患者54例,其中轻度狭窄28例(直径狭窄率<50%),中度及中度以上狭窄26例(直径狭窄率≥50%)。对照组40例,为彩色多普勒证实无颈内动脉粥样硬化患者。测量入组患者视网膜中央动脉及眼动脉的各项血流参数,包括收缩期峰值流速(Vs)、舒张末期流速(Vd)以及血管阻力指数(RI)。结果随着颈内动脉狭窄程度的加重,视网膜中央动脉的血流动力学参数会发生相应变化,其中颈内动脉中重度狭窄组的视网膜中央动脉参数改变最明显。而眼动脉各参数与对照组相比无显著统计学差异。结论颈内动脉狭窄可影响视网膜中央动脉供血,彩色多普勒超声检查可明确颈内动脉及眼部供血情况。     

彩色多普勒超声对早期肾病血流动力学的研究

目的　探讨应用彩色多普勒超声研究早期肾病的肾脏血流动力学变化的价值。方法　应用彩色多普勒超声对3 1例早期肾病患者和对照组 3 0例正常人肾脏的各级肾动脉收缩期峰值血流速度 (PSV) ,舒张期末最低血流速度 (EDV )和血流阻力指数 (RI)进行检测比较。结果　早期肾病患者的叶间动脉的阻力指数为RI :0 .5 8± 0 .0 5、较正常对照组的阻力指数低 (RI :0 .62± 0 .0 5 ) ,肾主动脉和段动脉的RI测量结果无显著差异。结论　应用彩色多普勒超声检测肾脏叶间动脉可以提供肾病早期血流动力学的动态变化定量信息。     

彩色多普勒超声联合CTA诊断颈部动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声与16层螺旋CT血管造影(CTA)在颈部动脉疾病中的诊断价值.方法 应用彩色多普勒超声、CTA观察58例颈部动脉常见病变患者的颈动脉,共计464个节段,以数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查结果为金标准,对彩色多普勒超声与CTA在颈部动脉病变检出的情况进行比较分析.结果 464个节段中,DSA发生动脉粥样硬化斑块、轻度狭窄、中度狭窄、重度狭窄、闭塞分别为106、79、28、7、5个节段;彩色多普勒超声诊断上述病变分别为102、70、26、6、5个节段,共计209个节段;CTA诊断上述病变为96、77、27、7、5个节段,共计212个节段;彩色多普勒联合CTA对颈部动脉检查的敏感性、特异性为99.6％、87.5％,均高于单一检查方法,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 彩色多普勒超声诊断动脉硬化斑块较CTA有更高的敏感性,CTA对动脉轻度狭窄有更高的敏感性,两种技术联合应用诊断颈部动脉疾病可以有效互补.     

慢性肾功能不全前三期肾内动脉彩色多普勒参数的研究

目的 通过对慢性肾功能不全前三期患者肾内段动脉、叶间动脉的彩色多普勒参数的分析,探讨彩色多普勒超声对其临床分期的指导作用.方法 选择慢性肾功能不全代偿期、氮质血症期、衰竭期患者各30例,肾功能正常者30例.应用IU22超声诊断仪显示左肾的结构,取段动脉、叶间动脉的频谱多普勒,记录收缩期最高流速(Vs)、舒张期最低流速(Vd)、血流阻力指数(RI)及S/D,然后进行统计分析.结果 肾衰竭期肾内段动脉、叶间动脉的RI值及S/D明显升高(P＜0.05),RI大于0.7,S/D大于3.5.肾功能不全代偿期、氮质血症期、肾衰竭期多普勒参数3组间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而代偿期患者与正常者之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 肾内动脉彩色多普勒参数可作为肾功能不全程度的参考指标.     

正常人腓动脉二维和多普勒超声参数检测

目的用二维及彩色多普勒超声检测分析正常人腓动脉血流动力学参数.方法 82例正常成年人按年龄及性别分为6组.用二维图像显示腓动脉管壁、管腔并测量内径,脉冲多普勒测量血流参数.结果腓动脉显示率为100%.腓动脉内径随年龄、性别的变化差异不大.73%腓动脉频谱呈典型的"三相波",21%反向血流消失表现为"二相波",6%于舒张期正向血流后又出现一极小的反向波表现为"四相波".收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张早期反向流速(PRV) 及搏动指数(PI)在各不同年龄、性别组间无显著性差异.结论本文得到的各项参数对腓动脉病变的检查分析有一定意义.     

糖尿病下肢动脉闭塞发生部位及侧支血管形成的超声表现

目的回顾分析49例糖尿病（DM）下肢动脉闭塞的彩色多普勒超声（CDU）表现，总结其声像图特征。方法对49例下肢动脉闭塞的DM患者进行下肢动脉CDU常规检测。记录动脉闭塞的部位、范围和侧支动脉分布等声像图表现。结果49例DM患者下肢动脉中有99条动脉闭塞。主要分布于胫前和胫后动脉，其中73％分布在胫前动脉（72／99），18％在胫后动脉（18／99）。99条闭塞动脉中仅8oA发生在股一胭动脉（8／99），而92％发生在小腿动脉（91／99）。闭塞动脉的上游或下游均探及侧支动脉。结论DM患者下肢动脉闭塞主要累及小腿动脉，且有广泛的侧支血管形成。CDU能准确地检测出闭塞动脉和侧支血管的部位和范围。     

Alterations in segmentary branch pulmonary artery blood flow velocimetry in fetuses of diabetic mothers.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pulmonary blood flow in fetuses of diabetic mothers by measuring changes in fetal segmentary pulmonary artery blood flow velocimetry throughout pregnancy. METHODS: Thirty-eight women with pregestational diabetes between weeks 18 and 38 were compared with 99 women with singleton low-risk gestations as controls. Flow velocity waveforms at the proximal middle and distal segments of the right pulmonary artery were obtained with power and color Doppler sonography in all fetuses. The pulsatility index of each segment was compared between the 2 groups. The mean value and 95% confidence interval for each segment were determined in correlation with gestational age for both groups. RESULTS: The highest mean pulsatility indices were obtained in the proximal segment of the pulmonary artery and were 2.25 in the diabetes group and 2.36 in controls. The mean pulsatility indices were significantly decreased in the middle and distal segments to 1.59 and 1.10 in the diabetes group and to 1.57 and 1.02 in controls (P < .05). There were no significant differences in pulsatility indices measured at the proximal and middle segments between the study and control groups. However, the mean pulsatility index +/- SD measured at the distal segment in the diabetic group was 9% higher than in controls (1.10 +/- 0.13 versus 1.02 +/- 0.12; P = .01). The mean pulsatility index (in the study and control groups) in each arterial segment did not change significantly throughout gestation (P > .1). CONCLUSIONS:. In human fetuses throughout gestation, the pulmonary circulation maintains stable vascular resistance in both diabetic and normal pregnancies. However, in all gestations, the pulsatility index in each segment of the pulmonary artery is unique and reflects the proximity to the heart and the impedance at each location. The significantly higher pulsatility index in the diabetes group might be related to alterations in the microcirculation of diabetic patients.     

Segmentary fetal branch pulmonary artery blood flow velocimetry: in utero Doppler study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in human, fetal segmentary, pulmonary artery blood flow velocimetry throughout pregnancy. DESIGN: Ninety-nine women with a singleton, low-risk gestation between 14 and 37 weeks of pregnancy were selected to participate in a prospective, cross-sectional study. All fetuses were evaluated using power and color Doppler ultrasound. Flow velocity waveforms at three sites of the right pulmonary artery were obtained. The pulsatility index (PI) was calculated in the proximal, mid and distal segment of the pulmonary artery. Mean values and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each segment were determined in correlation with gestational age. RESULTS: A full study that included Doppler measurements of all three segments of the pulmonary artery was completed on 99 fetuses. The highest mean PI of 2.36 was obtained in the proximal segment of the right pulmonary artery (CI = 2.29-2.42), whereas in the mid and distal segments the mean PI decreased significantly to 1.57 (CI = 1.53-1.61) and 1.02 (CI = 1.0-1.0) (P < 0.001), respectively. Throughout gestation, the mean PI measurements in the proximal, middle and distal segments of the branch pulmonary artery increased slightly, but without statistical significance (r = 0.274, 0.248, 0.047), respectively; (P > 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained suggests that pulmonary circulation maintains stable vascular resistance during gestation in the human fetus. However, the PI obtained from the separate segments of the branch pulmonary artery is unique and each differs from the other, reflecting the proximity to the heart and the peripheral impedance at each location.     

Color Doppler characteristics in normal lower extremity arteries.

The purpose of this study was to determine the normal characteristics of the lower extremity arterial system as seen with color Doppler. A total of 420 arterial segments from the level of the proximal abdominal aorta to the distal tibial and peroneal vessels were examined with a color ultrasound scanner in 10 normal volunteers. Each arterial segment was examined for the presence of triphasic flow, wall irregularities, calcification, bruits, collaterals, and post-stenotic flow patterns. Standard duplex spectral waveform data were also obtained at each site. As expected, triphasic flow was present and detected by color Doppler in the majority of arterial segments. Color patterns suggesting the presence of bruits, collaterals, or post-stenotic flow were absent in all cases.     

Doppler blood flow velocity waveforms in the fetal renal arteries: variability at proximal and distal sites in the right and left arteries.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate variability in pulsatility/resistance indices and absolute velocities of blood flow in fetal renal arteries dependent on side and sampling site within each vessel. METHODS: Doppler blood flow measurements of pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) were performed in the renal arteries of 27 fetuses between 236 and 247 days of gestation. Velocity waveforms were sampled in both the right and left renal arteries at two different sites: proximally, close to the aorta, and distally, before any major visible bifurcation of the vessels. The intraobserver variation was measured in 15 additional fetuses. RESULTS: Mean values of PI and RI were similar in the right and left renal arteries and at the proximal and distal sampling sites of these arteries. Mean PSV and EDV were higher at the proximal compared to the distal site on both sides. For all parameters the 95% limits of agreement between measurements made in the right and left arteries and at proximal and distal sites were wide but tended to be narrower for the left renal artery and at the distal site. Intraclass correlation coefficients for intraobserver variability were 0.88, 0.89, 0.83 and 0.81 for PI, RI, PSV and EDV, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to standardize the precise site at which Doppler blood flow velocity waveform measurements are made in the renal arteries of the fetus. On the basis of our observations, we suggest that the left renal artery is the preferred vessel for sampling and that measurements should be made in the renal arterial trunk away from the aorta and before any visible branches.     

彩色多普勒超声在锁骨下动脉窃血综合征及内支架置放术中的应用

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声(CDU)在锁骨下动脉窃血综合征(SSS)及内支架置放术中应用价值。方法对31例SSS的超声表现及4例内支架置放术后的超声随访结果进行回顾性分析。结果31例患者中,28例为完全性SSS,3例部分性SSS。锁骨下动脉起始处闭塞18例,均为完全性SSS;狭窄13例,内径1~3.4mm,最大流速270~430cm/s。患侧上肢动脉血流频谱为单峰、低速、低阻波形。4例内支架置放术后,锁骨下动脉起始处内支架血流通畅;椎动脉和上肢动脉血流恢复正常。结论CDU是评价SSS及内支架置放术后随访的一种有价值方法。     

Doppler sonography of deep cavernosal artery of the penis: variation of peak systolic velocity according to sampling location.

To determine if there are significant variations in the peak systolic velocity of cavernosal arteries according to the Doppler sampling location, Doppler sonography was performed in 32 patients with erectile dysfunction and 15 control patients. Doppler spectral waveforms were obtained at proximal and distal locations in cavernosal artery. The peak systolic velocity of the cavernosal artery was 39.0 +/- 11.2 cm/sec in proximal portion and 20.0 +/- 5.6 cm/sec in distal portion in patients with erectile dysfunction. In control patients, the peak systolic velocity was 39.8 +/- 8.0 cm/sec in proximal portion and 21.3 +/- 5.5 cm/sec in distal portion. The peak systolic velocity of the cavernosal artery varies significantly according to the sampling location in patients with erectile dysfunction as well as in control patients. Our study demonstrated that the sampling location needs to be standardized in performing Doppler sonography of the cavernosal arteries, and we propose the proximal cavernosal artery where it angles posteriorly as the standardized sampling location.     

彩色多普勒血流显像在下肢血管旁路术前后的应用

目的 探讨彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）在下肢血管旁路术前后的应用价值。方法 对9例患者术前予CDFI和／或数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查,术后进行了超声随访。结果 9例髌股动脉、股动脉闭塞,CDFI诊断正确,闭塞远心端定位准确,而2例髂股动脉闭塞近心端显示不清。7例血管移植物血流通畅,2例PTFE移植物急性血栓形成。1例小腿肌层血肿。结论 CDFI是下肢血管旁路术术前评价和术后随访有价值的方法。     

常规超声结合冠脉血流显像技术评价冠状动脉搭桥术后桥血管通畅性

目的应用常规超声结合冠脉血流显像技术评价冠状动脉搭桥术后桥血管通畅性.方法行冠状动脉搭桥术(左乳内动脉原位转流至左前降支)患者46例;术后检查乳内动脉桥起始段、桥血管远段(吻合口近端)、吻合口、远端及近端左前降支.分别测量各段收缩期峰值流速、舒张期峰值流速、收缩期流速时间积分、舒张期流速时间积分.结果乳内动脉原位转流术后, 桥血管起始段显示率95.65%;桥血管与自体左前降支吻合口显示率80.43%.通过测量并计算吻合口与吻合口近端桥血管流速时间积分比值以及舒张期峰值流速比值评价吻合口是否存在狭窄.结论常规超声结合冠脉血流显像技术可提供评价桥血管通畅性的直接证据,为临床随访提供一种新的无创的方法.