肝硬化患者血清透明质酸含量与sIL－2R水平的观察

本文用放射免疫测定法及双抗体夹心法测定了２５例健康人，３０例肝硬化患者血清透明质酸（ＨＡ）的含量及可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平。结果表明：（１）肝硬化组血清ＨＡ含量及ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平均高于对照组（Ｐ值均＜０．０１）；（２）肝硬化组血清ＨＡ与ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平间呈正相关关系（ｒ＝０．５１９２，Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示：肝硬化组患者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平增高与肝损害程度有关，可能是由于肝细胞受损而对ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ清除能力降低所致。     

HCMV感染对单核细胞HLA－DR表达的影响

本文采用细胞ＥＬＩＳＡ法，研究发现人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）感染对单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ的影响。结果表明ＨＣＭＶ感染后１ｄ，单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），以后逐渐降低，ｄ５降至对照水平；ＩＦＮγ（５００Ｕ／ｍｌ）．ＴＮＦ（２５０Ｕ／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－６（５００／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－１（５００／ｍｌ）均能不同程度地刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，细胞因子刺激ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达的水平在感染后ｄ５，较对照组均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＩＬ－１＋ＩＦＮ－γ及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ－γ在刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达时有协同作用；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，ＩＦＮ－γ＋ＩＬ－１及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ协同刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达水平较对照组显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示：在ＨＣＭＶ感染引起免疫抑制过程中，其引起单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达降低是一重要机制。     

HCMV感染对单核细胞HLA－DR表达的影响

本文采用细胞ＥＬＩＳＡ法，研究发现人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）感染对单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ的影响。结果表明ＨＣＭＶ感染后１ｄ，单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），以后逐渐降低，ｄ５降至对照水平；ＩＦＮγ（５００Ｕ／ｍｌ）．ＴＮＦ（２５０Ｕ／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－６（５００／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－１（５００／ｍｌ）均能不同程度地刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，细胞因子刺激ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达的水平在感染后ｄ５，较对照组均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＩＬ－１＋ＩＦＮ－γ及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ－γ在刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达时有协同作用；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，ＩＦＮ－γ＋ＩＬ－１及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ协同刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达水平较对照组显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示：在ＨＣＭＶ感染引起免疫抑制过程中，其引起单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达降低是一重要机制。     

细胞因子水平与晚期胃癌患者治疗及预后相关研究

本文报道了２４９例晚期胃癌（Ⅲ～Ⅳ期）患者外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）产生ＩＬ－２水平及ＩＬ－２Ｒ表达，外周血清中ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ浓度与ＰＢＭＣ被ＰＨＡ－Ｐ诱生后产生ＩＦＮ－γ活性；并探讨了姑息性手术、化疗和中药治疗对晚期胃癌患者细胞免疫调节因子水平的影响。结果发现：晚期胃癌患者外周血ＰＢＭＣ产生ＩＬ－２及ＩＦＮ－γ能力及ＩＬ－２Ｒ表达均显著低于早期胃癌患者和正常对照组水平（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平前者明显低于后二者（Ｐ＜０．０１）。姑息手术治疗尽管对晚期胃癌患者的ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－２Ｒ和ＩＦＮ－γ水平无显著影响，但可降低其ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平；而扶正抗癌冲剂则可是显著提高患者术后ＩＬ－２及ＩＦＮ－γ水平和ＩＬ－２Ｒ表达，同时降低ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平（Ｐ＜０．０１）；化疗有效晚期患者，则可导致其ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平下降，无效者则ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平无改变或继续升高。三年随访发现，晚期胃癌患者，术前ＩＬ－２产生水平高于１００Ｕ／ｍｌ，同时ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平低于１０００Ｕ／ｍｌ者，其三年生存率高。因而，这项研究对晚期胃癌治疗疗效判断及预后评价有指导意义。     

食管癌患者五项细胞免疫学指标的测定及其意义

对３５例食管癌（ＥＣ）患者和３０例正常人（ＮＣ）的外周血自然杀伤（ＮＫ）细胞活性、Ｔ细胞亚群、血浆可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）、肿瘤坏死因子α（ＴＮＦ－α）以及外周血诱生γ干扰素（ＩＦＮ－γ）的水平进行了检测。结果显示，ＥＣ患者ＮＫ细胞活性明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＣＤ８＋细胞增多（Ｐ＜０．０６），ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋细胞比值降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；外周血诱生ＩＦＮ－γ降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）；血浆ＴＮＦ－α升高。表明，上述指标对判断、分析ＥＣ患者细胞免疫功能状况及病变程度有较大的意义。     

肝硬化患者清透明质酸含量与sIL—2R水平的观察

本文用放射免疫测定法及双抗体夹心法测定了２５例健康人，３０例肝硬化患者血清透明质酸（ＨＡ）的含量及可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平。结果表明：（１）肝硬化组血清ＨＡ含量及ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平间呈正相关关系（ｒ＝０．５１９２，Ｐ〈０．０１）。提示：肝硬化组患者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平增高与肝损害程度有关，可能是由于肝细胞受损而对ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ清除能力降低所致。     

人巨细胞病毒感染对肾移植受者血清sIL－2R水平的影响

用ＰＣＲ检测ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ，ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测ＨＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ及ＩｇＧ，以诊断肾移植受者ＨＣＭＶ感染。用双抗体夹心法ＥＬＩＳＡ检测６５例肾移植受者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平，结果表明：ＨＣＭＶ感染后宿主血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），且ＨＣＭＶ疾病组ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ增高程度大于无症状感染组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；６例原发性ＨＣＭＶ感染者ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平与ＩｇＭ水平呈正相关（ｒ＝０．９９０８），提示随感染程度增加，血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平随之增高，还发现血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平与Ｃ９４／ＣＤ８比值是负相关（ｒ＝－０．９７８９），说明ＨＣＭｖ感染后ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平增高与Ｔ细胞亚群改变有关，反之也说明ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ增高程度可表明体内免疫抑制状态。对于ＨＣＭＶ感染后血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平增高的机理有待进一步探讨。     

HDV阳性重型肝炎患者外周血IL－2受体的变化

检测１６例ＨＤＶ（＋）重肝患者ＰＢＭＣ膜上ＩＬ－２Ｒ、培养上清和血清中ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ含量，以２１例ＨＤＶ（－）重肝为疾病对照，２０例献血员为正常对照，探讨ＩＬ－２Ｒ在丁型肝炎中变化意义。结果：ＨＤＶ（＋）组ＩＬ－２Ｒ表达虽增强，但不如ＨＤｖ（－）组明显；ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ含量，两重肝组均非常显著增高，但之间无差异。提示ＨＤＶ（＋）重肝组Ｔ淋巴细胞被激活状态并未因增加ＨＤＶ感染而加重，支持丁型肝炎肝损伤主要不是免疫介导的观点。     

登革热患者血清sIL－2R含量的变化及意义

本文采用双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测了３８例登革热（ＤＦ）患者血清中可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）的水平。结果显示ＤＦ患者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ明显升高，ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ的水平与患者发热时间长短及皮疹性质（充血性和出血性皮疹）有关，且与患者尿蛋白含量呈正相关。表明ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ时判断ＤＦ的病情及肾脏损害程度有一定的临床意义，并提示ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ可能参与了ＤＦ的免疫病理过程。     

登革热患者血清sIL—2R含量的变化及意义

本文采用双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测了３８例登革热（ＤＦ）患者血清中可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）的水平。结果显示ＤＦ患者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ明显升高，ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ的水平与患者发热时间长短及皮疹性质（充血性和出血性皮疹）有关，且与患者尿蛋白含量呈正相关。表明ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ时判断ＤＦ的病情及肾脏损害程度有一定的临床意义，并提示ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ可能参与了ＤＦ的免疫病理过程。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.