肉膜瓣覆盖在尿道板纵切卷管尿道成形术中的应用

目的:探讨肉膜覆盖在尿道板纵切卷管尿道成形术(TIP)中预防尿瘘的应用。方法:140例尿道下裂患者均行TIP术式修复,其中85例远端型尿道下裂采用纵行腹外侧阴茎肉膜瓣覆盖新尿道;55例近端形尿道下裂采用阴囊前动脉带蒂肉膜瓣覆盖新尿道。结果:12例患者出现尿道皮肤瘘,其中远端型尿道下裂患者7例;近端型尿道下裂5例。结论:远端型选择腹外侧阴茎肉膜瓣覆盖,近端型选择阴囊前动脉带蒂肉膜瓣覆盖,较少出现尿瘘的并发症,是TIP术中较理想的覆盖方式。     

纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣Ⅰ期尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂

目的评价纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣Ⅰ期尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂的疗效。方法回顾总结114例尿道下裂Ⅰ期尿道成形术患者临床资料，采用纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣70例，联合尿道口附近皮肤44例。平均重建尿道长度3．8cm。结果Ⅰ期手术成功率94．74％，其中尿瘘5．26％。术后1月内排尿异常21.93％。未发生器质性尿道狭窄。104例随访3个月-2年，阴茎外观及排尿均良好；10例失访。结论对伴有阴茎下弯的、尿道板发育不好的阴茎型及阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂患者，纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣Ⅰ期尿道成形术疗效好，并发症少。     

阴茎两侧肉膜蒂组织双层覆盖在Snodgrass尿道下裂修复中的应用

目的介绍一种Snodgrass尿道下裂修复中新尿道覆盖方法，并对应用结果进行评估。方法2003年4月至2006年2月收治尿道下裂患儿289例。年龄3个月-12岁，平均2．4岁。其中冠状沟型78例、阴茎体型136例、阴茎阴囊型36例、阴囊型16例、Ⅱ期手术和再手术23例。均应用自阴茎体两侧分别游离的血管蒂肉膜瓣皮下组织对Snodgrass法修复的新尿道进行交替覆盖。结果289例患儿随访3—24个月，术后出现尿瘘32例（11％），其中11例术后4周内自行愈合，实际尿瘘发生率为7％（21／289）。21例未愈尿瘘中，远端型尿道下裂（冠状沟和阴茎体型）的尿瘘发生率为5％（11／214），近端型（阴茎阴囊型和阴囊型）、Ⅱ期手术和前次手术失败再次手术者为13％（10／75）。无伤口裂开或尿道憩室病例，结合黏膜领技术可以在腹侧正中线上原位缝合阴茎皮肤。术后能获包皮环切术样满意外观者277例。结论阴茎两侧肉膜组织双层覆盖新尿道是一种防止尿瘘和伤口裂开的可靠方法，并能有效重建类似正常阴茎外观。     

尿道口周蒂肉膜瓣在阴茎中段型尿道下裂一期修复中的应用

目的探讨采用横形包皮岛状皮瓣管状尿道成形术一期修复阴茎中段型尿道下裂的方法及临床效果。方法对自2010年1月至2014年12月收治的46例男性先天性阴茎中段型尿道下裂患者,行阴茎矫直、横形包皮岛状皮瓣管状尿道法一期尿道再造术。术中保护尿道口近端区域的肉膜组织,形成尿道口周蒂肉膜瓣;翻转肉膜瓣、覆盖尿道吻合口并固定,将皮瓣转移覆盖至阴茎腹侧的皮肤缺损。结果所有患者术后随访5~36个月,仅发现1例吻合口尿道瘘,1例阴茎腹侧部分皮肤血运欠佳而致切口瘢痕愈合,但无尿瘘发生,其余患者均愈合良好,无尿道裂开、皮瓣坏死、感染、尿道(口)狭窄、尿道憩室等并发症发生。结论采用横形包皮岛状皮瓣管状尿道成形术一期尿道再造治疗阴茎中段型尿道下裂,并采用尿道口周蒂肉膜瓣覆盖吻合口,是一种简单且可有效预防其吻合口尿瘘发生的较好方法。     

睾丸鞘膜瓣在尿道修复中的应用

目的探讨睾丸鞘膜瓣覆盖技术在尿道畸形和尿道瘘修复中的效果。方法2002年起对38例尿道下裂手术和术后尿道瘘,采用睾丸鞘膜下组织蒂鞘膜瓣覆盖修复。结果术后随访半年至1年,除1例尿道上裂术后瘘修复后再次发生尿道瘘外,其余均获成功,未再出现尿道瘘或尿道狭窄,阴茎外观满意,勃起正常。结论采用该方法可有效防止尿瘘再发生,提高手术成功率且易于获取,对睾丸无不良影响。     

尿道、阴茎

复发性尿道狭窄伴假道的分类与处理；膀胱镜下尿道会师术治疗球部尿道损伤；8例骑跨伤致球部尿道断裂急诊手术治疗体会；Duckett术治疗尿道下裂17例疗效观察；保留尿道板的尿道下裂Ⅰ期成形术（附46例报告）；尿道下裂患者手术前后的尿道细菌分布；三角帆状阴茎皮瓣覆盖在尿道下裂修复术中的应用；斜行包皮岛状皮瓣尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂；纵行岛状包皮瓣尿道成形术矫正先天性短尿道畸形     

尿道板瓣与包皮瓣联合修复先天性尿道下裂

目的:探讨尿道板瓣在尿道成形中的价值;提高先天性尿道下裂的一次手术成功率.方法:将残余尿道粘膜及粘膜下组织一起形成尿道板瓣,与一侧包皮岛状瓣结合形成缺损段尿道,转移另一侧包皮瓣完成阴茎腹侧创面覆盖,尿道板瓣最大面积为2.0cm×0.5cm.治疗先天性阴茎型尿道下裂患者34例.结果:本组患者除3例患者术后出现尿道外口包皮瓣部分坏死,尿道外口狭窄,二次手术切开外,余者均Ⅰ期愈合,随访1～3年,无再造尿道狭窄及尿瘘等并发症出现.结论:先天性尿道下裂患者残余尿道粘膜及粘膜下组织可以形成具有良好血供的尿道板瓣,有效地解决了一侧包皮瓣再造尿道组织量不足的问题,提高了一次手术成功率.     

纵行包皮岛状皮瓣Ⅰ期修复尿道下裂

我院 1998年 10月～ 2 0 0 2年 10月采用纵行包皮岛状皮瓣 Ⅰ 期修复尿道下裂 12例 ,术后外观满意 ,效果良好 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1.1　临床资料　本组 12例 ,年龄 3～ 12岁 ,平均6 .8岁 ,均属阴茎型尿道下裂 ,伴有不同程度的阴茎下曲畸形及丰富的帽状包皮组织。均采用会阴部造瘘加前尿道“U”形支架引流[1] 。1.2　手术方法1.2 .1　矫正阴茎下曲畸形　距离阴茎冠状沟下方约 0 .5cm处 ,环形切开包皮内板至Buck筋膜 ,彻底切除纤维索和挛缩组织 ,游离异位尿道口至具有尿道海绵体的正常尿道 ,并将其修剪为斜形。矫正后阴茎能自然平置于…     

斜行包皮岛状皮瓣尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂

目的:探讨斜行包皮岛状皮瓣尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂的效果。方法:采用斜行包皮岛状皮瓣尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂51例。结果:所有病例均自正位尿道口排尿,尿道外口呈纵向裂隙状,阴茎的外观满意,无阴茎下弯或侧弯,并发症发生率11.8%(6/51),其中尿瘘3例,尿道外口狭窄3例。结论:本术式具有取材范围大、皮瓣血运可靠、成形阴茎外观满意、并发症少等优点,适合阴茎型和阴茎-阴囊型尿道下裂的I期修复。     

改良纵行包皮内外板岛状皮瓣尿道成形术(附32例报告)

目的 探讨改进尿道下裂的手术方法。方法 回顾性总结３２例尿道下裂Ⅰ期尿道成形患儿的临床资料，２１例采用改良纵形包皮内外板岛状皮瓣尿道成形，６例加前尿道延伸，５例加阴囊中缝皮瓣延长。结果 ３２例随访２～４２个月，无尿瘘及尿道狭窄发生，阴茎外观及功能满意。结论 改良纵行包皮内外板岛状皮瓣尿道成形术是一种设计合理、皮瓣血运良好、并发症少的手术方式。     

微创钨针在横形包皮岛状皮瓣法尿道下裂一期修复术中的应用

目的 总结微创钨针在横形包皮岛状皮瓣管状尿道成形法尿道下裂一期修复术的应用方法及术后效果。方法 我科2013年5月至2019年10月收治的其中226例尿道下裂患者,年龄6月~26岁（平均3.8岁）,其中阴茎体型119例,阴茎阴囊型83例,阴囊型及会阴型24例。术中应用微创钨针进行阴茎矫直、阴茎包皮脱套、横形包皮岛状皮瓣的切取及解剖等操作,将成形的横形包皮岛状皮瓣缝合成管状尿道,对各型尿道下裂进行一期尿道重建术。结果 术后7~8天拔除硅胶尿管排尿后,共发现12例伤口愈合不良、尿外渗及尿瘘形成。全部病例随访3月~2年,共发现尿瘘及尿道部分裂开24例,尿道外口狭窄2例,尿道（吻合口）狭窄3例,尿道憩室1例,阴茎下弯复发2例,总的并发症发生率为32/226（14.2%）。结论 在尿道下裂一期修复手术中,合理应用微创钨针的电切及电凝功能的优势特点,可精细分离解剖横形包皮岛状皮瓣,可安全有效获取尿道再造所需要的血运良好的包皮瓣等组织,有利于提高手术效率、减轻组织的损伤,可促进组织愈合、降低术后并发症。     

Successful hypospadias repair with ventral based vascular dartos pedicle for urethral coverage

PURPOSE: We describe an easy technique to reliably harvest a vascularized dartos pedicle for urethral coverage at the time of urethroplasty in hypospadias surgery. The complication of urethrocutaneous fistula in hypospadias surgery as a result of using this technique is also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review (July 1999 to September 2002) identified 180 pediatric patients who had undergone primary hypospadias surgery by a single surgeon. A modified technique of harvesting a vascularized dartos pedicle was incorporated in 111 hypospadias repairs. A ventral based vascularized dartos pedicle of tissue was used to cover a modified urethroplasty as described by Snodgrass. RESULTS: The intraoperative meatal position before urethroplasty was subcoronal in 95 cases, penile/midshaft in 11 and penoscrotal in 5. The majority of patients (90 of 111) were younger than 12 months at surgery. Ages ranged from 5 months to 16 years (mean 21.1 months). Of the 111 patients reconstruction using the ventral based vascularized dartos pedicle to cover the urethroplasty was successful in 109 (98.2%), and at followup they have an acceptable cosmetic result with no evidence of urethrocutaneous fistula. In 1 patient with distal hypospadias a urethrocutaneous fistula developed, which was recognized 20 months postoperatively. Another patient with penoscrotal hypospadias had a proximal fistula at 6 months. There were no recognized intraoperative urethral injuries or complications. Followup ranged from 3 to 38 months (mean 19.1). CONCLUSIONS: The ventral based vascularized dartos pedicle urethral coverage procedure is an easy and reliable technique to harvest adequate vascularized tissue to cover a hypospadias urethroplasty. In this small single surgeon series, this technique appears to have contributed to a low rate of urethrocutaneous fistulas after hypospadias repair.     

成人尿道下裂分期手术探讨

目的:探讨成人尿道下裂分期手术的必要性,提高成人尿道下裂的手术成功率。方法:回顾性分析我院泌尿外科2004年1月至2012年1月收治成人尿道下裂患者52例。52例男性患者,平均年龄22岁,所有患者过去均有尿道成形手术史,患者局部阴茎皮肤有瘢痕组织,均有阴茎下弯。术中行阴茎包皮脱鞘切除腹侧瘢痕纤维索带切断尿道板,仍存在阴茎下弯患者行阴茎背侧海绵体白膜折叠伸直阴茎,伸直阴茎后前尿道缺损长度占阴茎长度比例大于50%。根据术中是否行分期手术将患者分为两组,1组(20例)患者行I期包皮带蒂皮瓣卷管术尿道成型,2组(32例)患者阴茎伸直后将整个阴茎多余包皮转移至腹侧,做成形缝合为II期尿道成型预留尿道板,6¹2个月后行阴茎腹侧皮管卷管尿道成形术。结果:两组患者分别在Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期尿道成形术后发生尿瘘比例为50%、21.9%,尿道狭窄15%、9.4%,伤口感染30%、25%,尿道裂开20%、12.5%,尿道成形手术成功率分别为25%、56.3%。两组尿道成形术后发生尿瘘和尿道成形成功率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后发生尿道狭窄、伤口感染及尿道裂开并发症的差异无统计学意义。结论:对有尿道下裂手术史的成人患者,尤其对那些阴茎下弯明显,前尿道缺损长且局部包皮材料不足的患者分期手术更适合,Ⅱ期尿道成形的成功率得到提高。     

Complete repair of bladder exstrophy: management of resultant hypospadias

PURPOSE: In our hands complete primary repair (CPR) of bladder exstrophy results in hypospadias in two-thirds of boys. To our knowledge hypospadias repair following CPR of bladder exstrophy has not been reported previously. We report our experience with hypospadias repair following CPR of bladder exstrophy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 22 boys with bladder exstrophy underwent CPR using Mitchell's technique between November 1998 and January 2002. The procedure resulted in hypospadias in 15 boys (68%). The site of the meatus was distal penile in 5 patients, mid penile in 3 and proximal penile in 7. Hypospadias repair was performed in all 15 boys. The 5 patients with distal penile hypospadias underwent repair consisting of Thiersch-Duplay urethroplasty with dorsal incision in 3 and tubularized vertical island flap with glanular tunnel in 2. All patients with mid (3) or proximal (7) penile hypospadias underwent Mustarde repair with glanular tunnel. RESULTS: Followup ranged from 6 to 18 months (median 13). The Thiersch-Duplay procedure with dorsal incision resulted in fistula/stenosis in 2 of 3 boys. None of the remaining 12 boys with tubularized penile flap urethroplasty (tubularized vertical island flap or Mustarde) with glanular tunneling had development of fistula or stenosis. Complete degloving of the penis and penile skin redistribution were not necessary with the Mustarde technique. CONCLUSIONS: Thiersch-Duplay urethroplasty with dorsal incision does not seem to be a good option for hypospadias repair following CPR of bladder exstrophy. The use of penile skin as a tubularized flap with glanular tunneling seems to yield excellent functional/cosmetic results.     

Split onlay skin flap for the salvage hypospadias repair

PURPOSE: Following failed hypospadias repair absence of the penile foreskin, a shortage of ventral skin and residual chordee may all contribute to poor long-term results. We describe a technique called the split onlay skin (SOS) flap that has improved our surgical outcomes in boys requiring salvage hypospadias repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SOS flap uses a transverse island of penile shaft skin that is mobilized on its vascular pedicle and rotated into position to the ventrum of the penis at the site of the urethral defect. The flap is transected transversely, and half of the flap is used as an onlay to repair the urethra and the other half is used for additional skin coverage where needed on the penile shaft. We treated 11 boys 30 to 124 months old (mean age 60.3 months) who had a mean of 2 previous failed hypospadias repairs. All 11 boys presented with complex combinations of urethrocutaneous fistulas, stricture or urethral diverticula. RESULTS: Of the 11 patients 6 (54.5%) had development of postoperative fistulas. Five of these fistulas were surgically closed with no further complications. One penoscrotal fistula closed spontaneously after 7 months. Mild chordee from contraction of the flap and a urethral diverticulum developed in 1 boy. At a mean followup of 24.5 months all patients, including those who underwent closure of the secondary fistula, were voiding well with excellent appearance. CONCLUSIONS: In cases where little local tissue is present the SOS flap procedure is an excellent way to transfer healthy dorsal tissue to the ventrum for an onlay salvage urethroplasty while providing additional coverage of the urethral defect and a tension-free skin closure. Despite the high fistula rate we encountered following the initial SOS procedure, we endorse this technique because the transferred dartos provides additional tissue, which facilitates subsequent fistula repair. These boys can achieve a successful cosmetic result without incorporation of scrotal tissue or a free graft, which we believe leads to more predictable results.     

纵行带蒂包皮皮瓣尿道成形术一期矫治小儿尿道下裂

目的评价纵行带蒂包皮皮瓣作为尿道重建材料在修复尿道下裂的可行性及效果。方法采用纵行带蒂包皮皮瓣尿道成形术矫治先天性尿道下裂21例,其中阴茎型14例,阴囊型7例。结果20例重建尿道成活,外形接近正常。结论该术式具有并发症少,外形接近正常等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣治疗尿道下裂44例报告

目的:总结近4年来应用纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣一期尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂的临床经验,并评价其疗效.方法:本组44例患者中,阴茎型尿道下裂34例,阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂10例.均采用纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣一期尿道成形术,平均重建尿道长度2.8 cm.结果:一期手术成功率90.9%(40/44例),尿瘘9.1%(4/44例).所有患者术后1个月复查1次,随访3个月以上,阴茎外观及排尿均良好.结论:纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣一期尿道成形术对伴有阴茎下曲、尿道板发育不好的阴茎型及阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂患者治疗效果良好,并发症少.     

长隧道带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术治疗阴茎体型尿道下裂的疗效分析

目的 探讨长隧道带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术治疗阴茎体型尿道下裂的疗效. 方法 2007年9月至2010年4月收治阴茎体型尿道下裂患儿28例,年龄1.5 ～6.0岁,平均2.0岁.均行长隧道带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术.尿道开口均位于阴茎体部,距离阴茎头顶端16 ～ 37 mm,平均25immn;分离尿道及纠正阴茎下曲后尿道缺损30 ～ 42 mm,平均38 mm.手术要点:沿尿道开口环形切开阴茎皮肤,分离至尿道板,横断尿道板,沿尿道板与海绵体之间分离隧道至阴茎头正中,隧道长度26～38 mm,平均33 mm.尿道开口至阴茎头之间全程由隧道贯通,尽量保持阴茎腹侧皮肤与组织完整,取带蒂包皮内板制作新尿道,将新尿道通过阴茎侧方深筋膜下通道转移至腹侧隧道进行吻合.术中人工勃起试验证实合并轻度阴茎下曲13例,无明显阴茎下曲15例. 结果 28例均一期修复成功,手术时间50～70 min,平均55min.随访时间6～31个月,平均20个月.28例患儿均排尿通畅,尿线粗直.尿道呈矢状开口于阴茎头正中,阴茎下曲纠正满意,外观好,未发生尿瘘或狭窄. 结论 长隧道带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术适用于无或合并轻度阴茎下曲的阴茎体型尿道下裂,尤其适合年龄小或阴茎体细小患儿,手术简单,效果好,外观满意.     

尿道下裂的术式选择-会阴型和阴茎阴囊型

目的 总结会阴型尿道下裂和阴茎包皮岛状皮瓣一期修复阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂的最佳术式.方法 将2000年1月至2015年1月本院收治的38例尿道下裂患儿,其中阴茎阴囊型25例、会阴型13例,按照尿道下裂的不同类型进行阴茎包皮岛状皮瓣设计、移位和尿道成形修复手术.阴茎包皮岛状最长7.5cm,宽1.5～1.8cm.结果 术后11例发生尿瘘,其中会阴型5例,阴茎阴囊型6例,经修补后痊愈.本组患者术后阴茎外形正常,无扭曲或臃肿、尿道开口达到正常解剖部位,均能正常排尿或有很大改善接近正常.结论 阴茎包皮岛状皮瓣一期修复阴茎阴囊型和会阴型尿道下裂是一种较为安全有效的手术方法.