Occurrence of a house-infesting Tropical rat mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti) on murides and human beings

In Germany there is little information available about the distribution of the Tropical rat mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti) in rodents. A few case reports show that this haematophagous mite species may also cause dermatitis in man. All developmental stages are exclusively bloodfeeder. Three children (4, 11 and 15 years old) of a family and a 23-year-old medical student were attacked by the Tropical rat mite. Prior to the consultation of our institution, the patients' conditions had been diagnosed as allergic dermatitis of unclear origin and treated by several antiphlogistic agents, however without success. The conclusive diagnosis, Tropical rat mite dermatitis, was based on the identification of the arthropod Ornithonyssus bacoti in the flats of the patients (husbandry of gerbils, etc.). The diagnosis of a Rat mite dermatitis requires the detection of the parasite, which is more likely to be found in the environment of its host than on the hosts' skin itself.     

Echinococcosis in the Ukrainian SSR

Various types of echinococcosis foci were detected in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic: steppe zone foci with sheep pattern circulation dominating, where invasion is transmitted according to scheme: sheep--dogs attached to flocks; forest lowland and forest-steppe zones with pig pattern of echinococcosis circulating, where invasion is transmitted according to scheme: pigs--dogs. In steppe zone foci cases of echinococcosis in humans are regularly recorded and a large stratum of seropositive subjects was revealed by the indirect hemagglutination and latex agglutination tests. In second type foci only single cases of human echinococcosis were observed and low seropositive stratum was detected. Complex of antiechinococcosis measures conforming to different foci types was developed.     

Nosocomial dermatitis and pruritus caused by pigeon mite infestation

We report an outbreak of pigeon mite infestation involving two patients, two nurses, and one physician on a medical ward in a municipal hospital. The index patient developed a diffuse, pruritic erythematous maculopapular rash on his trunk and extremities. Dermanyssus gallinae, a nonburrowing, blood-sucking avian mite was identified on the patient and his bedding. A second patient who complained of scalp pruritus had mites present on her pillow and bed linen. The intern taking care of both patients, and two nurses who had contact with these patients, had mite infestation. Pigeons roosting on the air conditioners and near the doors connecting the patients' rooms to a sunporch were the source of the mites. The outbreak abated after control measures were instituted that prevented pigeons from roosting on the porch. This outbreak illustrates an unusual cause of nosocomial pruritic dermatitis that may be misdiagnosed as scabies or pediculosis. Physicians and health care personnel working in metropolitan areas are alerted to mites as a cause of pruritic dermatitis that may be chronic, recurrent, or unresponsive to ectoparasiticides.     

Qhapa, a pest causing skin irritations in Nor Yungas region of Bolivia, identified as a chigger mite, Eutrombicula batatas

Qhapa, a pest associated with skin irritations, was collected from children and adults as well as from underbrush, rain forest highlands, and coffee fields in the Nor Yungas region of Bolivia. The pest was examined by phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy. Morphological features, including number and position of setae on the segmented legs of the mite, were consistent with its identification as the larval form of the chigger mite Eutrombicula batatas. Recommendations are made on ways to decrease incidence of Qhaba bites to minimize the dermatitis and the resultant secondary bacterial infections.     

Avian mite dermatitis: Diagnostic challenges and unmet needs

The avian mite Dermanyssus gallinae (poultry red mite, PRM) is of major economic and veterinary importance for the poultry and egg industry worldwide. The accumulating reports on the opportunistic nonavian feeding of D. gallinae raise concerns on PRM host expansion. However, the consequent threats to human health remain largely unclear. PRM infestation in humans is usually manifested as a local or generalized noncharacteristic skin reaction referred to as gamasoidosis. This report presents the current state of the art and the new developments on PRM‐associated dermatitis, sharing neither the authors’ personal experience nor focusing on differential diagnosis. Specifically, it reflects the outcome of the critical assessment of the available literature by European medical and veterinary experts in the field under the “One Health” approach.     

Data on the typing of natural foci of tick-borne rickettsiosis in Siberia and the Far East

The studies of the level of Ixodidae ticks infestation and seroepidemiological parameters made it possible to characterize specific features of the epidemic process in foci with different tick species. A working principle for the typing of the natural foci of tick-borne rickettsiosis has been suggested. According to the number of tick species 3 types of foci have been identified: monovector, divector and polyvector foci.     

上海市大学生螨性皮炎的调查及危险因素分析

目的　探讨居住环境和卫生习惯等因素对在校大学生螨性皮炎的影响。　方法　对在校大学生的宿舍类型、卫生习惯、床席使用以及皮炎的症状等作问卷调查 ;同时收集床席的屑灰 ,于解剖镜下找活虫 ,经蒲利氏液胶封片后在显微镜下作形态鉴定。　结果　大学生螨性皮炎患病率为 2 3 .2 % ,女生 (3 5 .5 % ,3 8/ 10 7)高于男生 (9.4% ,9/ 96)。丘疹平均直径为 6.4mm ,以手臂部位最多见 (74.5 % ) ,其次为大腿 (4 0 .4% )和腰部 (2 7.7% )。床席中检出 4种螨 :尘螨(3 5 .5 % )、粉螨 (2 7.1% )、革螨 (8.9% )、肉食螨 (2 1.7% )。在皮炎患者的床席中 ,致痒螨检出率高 ,革螨为 2 5 .5 % (12 /47)、肉食螨 5 5 .3 % (2 6/ 47)、粉螨 40 .4% (19/ 47)。经单因素分析 ,宿舍陈旧和室内有蟑螂为皮炎发生的危险因素 ,并具有明显的居室聚集性 ,用热水擦席与螨性皮炎有一定相关性。　结论　上海市大学生螨性皮炎患病率较高 ,主要由床席内的致痒螨 (革螨、肉食螨、粉螨 )所致 ;旧居室及蟑螂多的环境是其发生的危险因素 ;螨性皮炎有明显的居室聚集性。     

The role of patch testing for chemical and protein allergens in atopic dermatitis

Many patients who present for evaluation of allergic contact dermatitis have an atopic diathesis. Although the immunologic basis of atopic dermatitis differs from that of allergic contact dermatitis—and patients with atopic dermatitis are less easily sensitized under experimental conditions—atopic patients do develop allergic contact dermatitis, and patch testing is a valuable part of their medical care. Delayed (7-day) patch test readings are especially important in atopic patients to distinguish allergy from irritancy and to evaluate for steroid allergy. The utility of atopy patch tests to aeroallergens such as dust mite is increasingly recognized; aeroallergens may be the cause of a type of protein contact dermatitis.     

宁德港船厂鼠形动物及体表昆虫媒介调查

目的了解宁德港区船厂鼠形动物的种群构成、季节消长、体表媒介生物(蜱、蚤、螨)携带情况,为灭鼠以及传染病监测工作提供科学依据。方法按照《中国出入境检验检疫行业标准》制定的鼠、蚤、蜱、螨等4种媒介生物监测方法,于2009年7月-2010年6月选择2个造船厂进行了为期1年的调查。结果共捕获鼠形动物171只,其中鼠类128只,鼠类密度3.58%,鼠形动物隶属2目2科2属4种,褐家鼠为优势种属,鼠密度存在明显季节性;检获蚤1匹,种属鉴定为不等单蚤;螨56匹,总染螨率为10.53%,总革螨指数为0.33,隶属2科3属4种;蜱9匹,总染蜱率为3.51%,总蜱指数为0.05,种属鉴定均为全沟硬蜱。结论宁德船厂的鼠形动物及体表媒介种群均为福建省普遍存在的媒介生物种类,未见新品种,但鼠密度指标未达到我国<1%的行业标准,应加强对鼠及其寄生虫媒介的监测。     

An attempt at dividing the territory of Azerbaijan into districts according to taeniarhynchiasis

To substantiate a differential approach to sanitary measures planning with regard to infestation with Taeniorhynchus, the authors performed a staged ranging of the Azerbaijan territory. The first stage ranging was based on the statistical data on the rate of taeniasis in humans and cysticercosis in the cattle. The second stage included the correlation between the different types of the foci and various geographical properties of the republic areas. The conclusive stage employed individual and typological ranging and analysis of natural and social factors with regard to the data on the infestation rates among the human population and the cattle. With regard to endemicity rates the authors distinguished 17 individual regions and 4 types of the territory. The aforementioned staged ranging permitted the planning of sanitary measures for the individual territory.     

三种类型酒渣鼻病与蠕形螨寄生的关系

目的：了解３型酒渣鼻病与人体蠕形螨感染的关系。方法：观察酒渣鼻病人的临床表现和进行有关实验室检查。结果：根据酒渣鼻病的临床表现，将４９０例酒渣鼻病分成皮炎型、痤疮型和鼻赘型３种类型，其蠕形螨感染率分别为８９．３％、５８．７％和３６．４％，前两型蠕形螨感染率显著高于正常人组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：皮炎型酒渣鼻病的主要病因是蠕形螨的感染，另两型酒渣鼻病的发病与人体蠕形螨感染也有关。     

Multifocal relapsing-remitting myelitis in a patient with atopic dermatitis: multiple sclerosis or atopic myelitis?

We describe a patient with multifocal relapsing-remitting myelitis. This case had abnormal high intensity lesions in the spinal cord at the cervical and thoracic levels on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). She had complicated atopic dermatitis and high serum IgE levels, which showed strong sensitivity to mite antigen. These features closely resemble those of atopic myelitis, suggesting that atopic myelitis may develop a relapse with multifocal involvement of the spinal cord, which can mimic multiple sclerosis.     

2001-2010年东北地区螨变应原诱发过敏性疾病调查

目的了解东北地区10年间螨变应原诱发的过敏性疾病病种及特征,为该地区过敏性疾病的防治提供依据。方法采用本科信息系统数据库,统计2001年1月-2010年12月的10年间过敏性疾病患者数,并结合数据库中皮肤点刺试验(skinpricktest,SPT)结果,对尘螨变应原诱发的过敏性疾病的病种,患者的性别、年龄、职业以及环境等进行统计及分析。结果 10年间本科就诊总人数为156800人次,就诊病种主要为哮喘(51660例)、鼻炎(51266例)、荨麻疹(38787例)、皮炎(6974例)、湿疹(5483例)、结膜炎(1953例)等。156800例患者中过敏原阳性反应87975例,阳性率56%,其中屋尘螨68444例,阳性率77.8%;粉尘螨66069例,阳性率75.1%。由尘螨变应原引起过敏性疾病最多的是过敏性哮喘,其次是变应性鼻炎、荨麻疹、皮炎。结论东北地区尘螨孳生多见,易引起过敏,且患者四季均可发病。控制居室环境中的尘螨是减轻尘螨病症状、减少过敏发作的重要预防措施。     

Characteristics of taeniarhynchiasis foci in various physical geographic areas of the Azerbaijan SSR

Three types of taeniarhynchiasis foci with weak, medium and high tension of epidemic processes are distinguished basing on the rate of infestation of human population with Taeniorhynchus and cysticercosis of cattle. Rational and economic invasion control measures have been elaborated with regard to various types of the disease foci situated in various physical geographic areas of the Azerbaijan SSR.     

四川泸州市隐翅虫皮炎病变的观察及虫种鉴定──附67例临床病例分析

本文调查、鉴定了泸州市夏季流行的隐翅虫皮炎的致病虫种，并实验观察了隐翅虫皮炎病理变化的特征。结合６７例隐翅虫皮炎病例，分析该病的流行因素，提出防治的主要措施。     

蠕形螨与细菌对酒渣鼻的致病作用

目的：了解蠕形螨对酒渣鼻的致病作用，及其与细菌感染的关系。方法：收集酒渣鼻病人皮脂和组织标本，分离出蠕形螨，同时进行需氧和厌氧培养。结果：在５１例三型酒渣鼻病２７４份标本中，６３．５％（１７４／２７４）标本有细菌存在，多为条件致病菌，其中表皮葡萄球菌占９４．３％（１６４／１７４）、厌氧菌占４％（７／１７４）。痤疮型酒渣鼻和鼻赘型酒渣鼻组带菌率高于皮炎型酒渣鼻组及正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：痤疮型和鼻赘型酒渣鼻病人中检出的条件致病菌，在其发病机理上起着一定致病作用，但与蠕形螨寄生无直接关系；皮炎型酒渣鼻主要由蠕形螨引起。     

The immunohistochemical phenotype of dysplastic foci in human liver: correlation with putative progenitor cells

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In previous studies we found strong evidence for the existence and activation in human liver of putative progenitor cells resembling oval cells in rat liver. In view of the known role of rat oval cells in regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis, we investigated a possible correlation between human putative progenitor cells and different types of dysplastic foci. METHODS: We determined the immunohistochemical phenotype of dysplastic foci found in 20 cirrhotic liver explants of various etiology, using specific antibodies against hepatocyte-type cytokeratin (CK) 8 and CK18, bile duct-type CK7 and CK19, chromogranin-A (chrom-A) and rat oval cell marker OV-6. RESULTS: All 12 foci of large cell dysplasia had a phenotype similar to that of surrounding parenchyma. Oncocytic foci showed a strong cytoplasmic staining for CK7. Three out of six of these foci contained "progenitor cells", which are small cells immunoreactive for CK18, CK7, CK19, OV-6, chrom-A and stained more intensely for CK8 than surrounding hepatocytes. Four out of eight glycogen-storing foci contained CK7-positive intermediate hepatocyte-like cells and "progenitor cells". Sixteen out of 29 small cell dysplastic foci consisted of "progenitor cells" and intermediate hepatocyte-like cells which were immunoreactive for CK7, CK18, OV-6, chrom-A and showed a stronger cytoplasmic positivity for CK8 than surrounding hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Foci of large cell dysplasia show no correlation with putative progenitor cells. Half of the oncocytic and glycogen-storing foci contain "progenitor cells", while more than half of the foci of small cell dysplasia consist of small cells with the same immunohistochemical phenotype as putative progenitor cells and intermediate hepatocyte-like cells, suggesting that differentiating putative progenitor cells can give rise to foci of small cell dysplasia.     

云南省玉龙县鼠疫菌的生化特性

目的 对玉龙县、云南家、野两型及西藏北部旱獭鼠疫菌代表株的生化特性进行比较,分析玉龙县疫源地的性质.方法 采用常规方法对玉龙县鼠疫菌、云南省家、野两型及西藏北部旱獭型共12株鼠疫菌代表株进行生化特性的研究.结果 5株玉龙县鼠疫菌发酵甘油、麦芽糖、阿胶糖,不发酵密二糖、鼠李糖,脱氮阳性.结论 玉龙县鼠疫菌与云南剑川菌株(野鼠型)及云南省家鼠型菌株生化特性不同,与西藏北部旱獭鼠疫菌的生化特性接近;按纪树立分型接近于喜马拉雅早獭青藏高原生态型,按宋延富分型属于喜马拉雅旱獭生物型A生物亚型.     

酒渣鼻组织病理学的光镜和电镜观察

目的：了解３型酒渣鼻病的不同病理学和超微结构的变化，及其与人体蠕形螨寄生的关系。方法：收集１４例３型酒渣鼻活检和手术材料，作光镜和电镜观察。结果：在３型酒渣鼻病理组织中可见在扩张的毛囊和增生的皮脂腺中有人体蠕形螨寄生，在真皮浅层有不同程度慢性炎症细胞浸润。在痤疮型和鼻赘型中，尚可见毛细血管扩张、增生，其基膜变薄或呈分层状增厚，肥大细胞有脱颗粒现象。结论：皮炎型酒渣鼻病的发病与人体蠕形螨寄生有关，另两型酒渣鼻发病机理复杂，除了与人体蠕形螨寄生有关外，与细菌感染也有关。不仅有细胞、体液免疫参与，而且可能与Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型变态反应有关。