热法测定水中硫酸盐的方法改进

在酸性溶液中铬酸钡与硫酸盐反应生成硫酸钡沉淀及铬酸根离子,将溶液用氨水中和至偏碱性后,将多余的铬酸钡和生成的硫酸钡过滤除去,滤液中则含有被硫酸根所取代的黄色铬酸根离子,据此比色定量.为了除去水样中碳酸盐的干扰,需在试样中加酸煮沸,使碳酸盐分解.因测定中有加热的步骤,这一方法被称之为热法.GB5750-85<生活饮用水卫生标准检验法>中测定硫酸盐的光度比色法即用此法.     

铬酸钡分光光度法测定蜜饯中亚硫酸盐

蜜饯中亚硫酸盐的测定有多种方法 ,如盐酸副玫瑰苯胺比色法和蒸馏法等 ,但各有不足之处 ,如汞污染、标准溶液不稳定等。本文采用铬酸钡分光光度法对蜜饯中的亚硫酸盐进行测定 ,效果较为理想。1　材料与方法1.1　原理　蜜饯中的亚硫酸盐在酸性条件下被蒸馏游离出来 ,被饱和溴水氧化成硫酸盐。在酸性溶液中 ,铬酸钡与硫酸盐生成硫酸钡沉淀及铬酸根离子。溶液经中和后 ,多余的铬酸钡及生成的硫酸钡过滤除去 ,滤液中铬酸根离子呈黄色 ,比色定量。1.2　仪器与试剂　 1Beckman DU- 6 4 0型分光光度计 ;2饱和溴水 ;3酸性铬酸钡溶液 :称取铬酸钡 1…     

饮用水中硫酸盐测定方法的改进

目前,最新生活饮用水中硫酸盐标准检验方法一般采用铬酸钡分光光度法(热法)。其原理为在酸性溶液中铬酸钡与硫酸盐反应生成硫酸钡沉淀和铬酸根离子,将溶液中和后,过滤除去多余的铬酸钡和生成的硫酸钡,滤液中即为硫酸盐所取代的铬酸离子,呈现黄色,比色定量。由于标准方法中,分析步骤中加入的是铬酸钡悬浮液,即使按国标分析步骤中规定使用前要摇匀,而且,即使只吸取一份水样所需的试剂     

比色法测水样中硫酸盐方法的改进

本文用酸性铬酸钡溶液代替铬酸钡悬浮液,克服了上述的不足,使吸光值增大,标准曲线斜率增大。硫酸盐的测定上限由原来的200mg/L扩大到300mg/L减少了操作步骤,节约了实验时间。 在酸性溶液中,铬酸钡与硫酸盐生成硫酸钡沉淀和铬酸离子。将溶液中和后,过滤除去多余的铬酸钡和生成的硫酸钡,滤液中即为硫酸盐所取代出的铬酸离子,呈现黄色,比色定量。1 材料与方法1.1 仪器 分光光度计。1.2 试剂1.2.1 酸性铬酸钡溶液取 83.3ml盐酸(ρ20=1.18g/ml)加纯水稀释到1000ml。称取25.33g铬酸钡溶于上述稀盐酸中配制成均匀溶液。     

饮用水中硫酸盐测定方法的改进

铬酸钡分光光度法是测定生活饮用水中硫酸盐常用的标准方法 ［１］（以下简称原法） ,该方法在操作过程中需多次加热 ,过于繁琐 ,经改进不仅简化了操作步骤 ,而且方法的灵敏度、精密度及准确度均符合要求。经多次实验证实 ,实验结果较为满意。１实验部分１．１原理在酸性溶液中 ,硫酸盐与铬酸钡发生反应 ,反应式如下 :ＳＯ４２ - ＢａＣｒＯ４→ＢａＳＯ４↓ ＣｒＯ４２ - ;将溶液中和至偏碱性 ,多余的铬酸钡与生成的硫酸钡可过滤除去。滤液中则含有被硫酸盐所取代的铬酸盐离子 ,呈现黄色 ,比色定量。１．２仪器设备７５２０型分光光度计 …     

作业场所空气中硫酸雾的铬酸钡分光光度测定法

目的：探讨作业场所空气中硫酸雾的铬酸钡分光光度测定法。方法：硫酸根离子与铬酸钡悬浊液作用生成硫酸钡沉淀，在氨-乙醇溶液中，分离除去硫酸钡及过量的铬酸钡，反应释放出的黄色铬酸根离子与硫酸根离子浓度成正比，该方法是间接测定硫酸根离子。结果：铬酸钡比色法有良好的线性关系，方法的RSD为4．9％，加标回收率95．7％。107.5％，检出限为0．6μg/ml，最低检出浓度为0．09mg/m^3（以采集100L空气样品计）。结论：该方法操作简单，适用于基层实验室对作业场所空气中硫酸雾的测定。     

硫酸钡比浊法测定生活饮用水中硫酸盐的方法改进

硫酸钡比浊法是测定生活饮用水中硫酸盐的国家标准方法，原理是基于硫酸盐和钡离子生成硫酸钡沉淀，其浑浊程度和水样中硫酸盐含量呈正比，根据浑浊度比色定量。原方法是直接加入氯化钡晶体0．2g，使之在l0-30s之间溶解并使溶液在搅拌时不溅出；实际操作中，称量氯化钡晶体很繁琐，尤其是在样品量大的情况下。     

原子吸收光谱法间接测定饮用水中硫酸盐

现行测定饮用水中硫酸盐常用铬酸钡比色,该法操作繁琐,灵敏试低,使用毒性试剂。本文应用原子吸收光谱法间接测定饮用水中硫酸盐,根据其反应原理,将过量的准确浓度氯化钡溶液加入到样液中,钡离子与样液中硫酸根反应产生白色的硫酸钡沉淀,而留存在溶液中未参与反应的过量的钡,以原子吸收光谱法进行测定,间接训一算出饮用水中硫酸盐含量,并与铬酸钡比色法进行了比较。     

工作场所空气中二氧化硫的分光光度测定法

目的建立一种分光光度法测定工作场所空气中二氧化硫的新方法。方法用(1+1 000)高氯酸溶液吸收空气中二氧化硫,生成的硫酸根与铬酸钡悬浊液形成硫酸钡沉淀和铬酸根,铬酸根与二苯碳酰二肼生成紫红色络合物,在540 nm处测定吸光度值,计算出二氧化硫含量。结果方法的校准曲线相关系数r=0.999 6,线性范围0.10～2.0μg/ml,检出限0.04μg,最低检出浓度0.10μg/ml,相对标准偏差为1.11%～5.23%,加标回收率为92.3%～101.3%。结论用该方法测定工作场所空气中的二氧化硫,选择性强,干扰少,灵敏准确,结果可靠。     

冷法测定水中硫酸盐的方法改进

GB5 75 0 - 85《生活饮用水卫生标准检验法》中测定硫酸盐所用的铬酸钡分光光度法 ,因测定中有加酸煮沸去除碳酸盐干扰的步骤 ,这一方法被称之为热法 〔1〕。为了省去加热及再加入氨水调节溶液为偏碱性的分析步骤 ,文献 〔2 ,3〕中介绍采用钙 -氨试剂去除碳酸盐干扰 ,并使溶液呈偏碱性。这种不用加热测定水中硫酸盐的方法 ,被简称为冷法。冷法可节省电力和分析时间 ,在新版的《饮用天然矿泉水检验方法 (GB/ T85 35 - 1995 )中得到了应用 〔4〕。但是上述的两个标准方法分析步骤中加入的铬酸钡是悬浮液 ,虽然分析操作步骤中规定了使用时要…     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.