下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症血管重建197例分析

目的 探讨传统外科手术、血管腔内治疗和杂交手术在下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症血管重建中的应用.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2008年12月接受血管重建手术的197例下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症患者临床资料,其中外科手术77例,血管腔内治疗82例,杂交手术38例.探讨3种血管重建方法的适应证、治疗效果、并发症及围手术期死亡率.结果 外科手术成功率97.4%(75/77),腔内治疗90.24%(74/82),杂交手术81.58%(31/38).随访2～112个月,平均随访46个月,随诊率71%(164/197).远期通畅率在主髂和股腘动脉中外科手术(57%和51%)高丁腔内治疗(48%和42%),但差异无统计学意义;远期通畅率在多节段病变和动脉狭窄并血栓形成中杂交手术(54%、26%、28%)明显高于其他方法(48%、23%).并发症在主髂和股腘动脉中外科手术(31%、12%)明显高于血管腔内治疗(31%、11%),在多节段病变(36%)明显高于腔内治疗和杂交手术(12%、15%).外科手术对于主髂和多节段动脉病变的围手术期死亡率分别为1.5%、2.0%,其他部位病变为0%;血管腔内治疗和杂交手术均为0%.结论 对于主髂和股腘动脉,外科于术是长段闭塞性病变、血管腔内治疗是短段非闭塞性病变的首选.杂交手术对多节段病变和动脉狭窄并血栓形成更具优势.对于膝下病变,血管腔内治疗能取得较好疗效,但远期通畅率不佳.     

下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症血管重建197例分析

目的 探讨传统外科手术、血管腔内治疗和杂交手术在下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症血管重建中的应用.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2008年12月接受血管重建手术的197例下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症患者临床资料,其中外科手术77例,血管腔内治疗82例,杂交手术38例.探讨3种血管重建方法的适应证、治疗效果、并发症及围手术期死亡率.结果 外科手术成功率97.4%(75/77),腔内治疗90.24%(74/82),杂交手术81.58%(31/38).随访2～112个月,平均随访46个月,随诊率71%(164/197).远期通畅率在主髂和股腘动脉中外科手术(57%和51%)高丁腔内治疗(48%和42%),但差异无统计学意义;远期通畅率在多节段病变和动脉狭窄并血栓形成中杂交手术(54%、26%、28%)明显高于其他方法(48%、23%).并发症在主髂和股腘动脉中外科手术(31%、12%)明显高于血管腔内治疗(31%、11%),在多节段病变(36%)明显高于腔内治疗和杂交手术(12%、15%).外科手术对于主髂和多节段动脉病变的围手术期死亡率分别为1.5%、2.0%,其他部位病变为0%;血管腔内治疗和杂交手术均为0%.结论 对于主髂和股腘动脉,外科于术是长段闭塞性病变、血管腔内治疗是短段非闭塞性病变的首选.杂交手术对多节段病变和动脉狭窄并血栓形成更具优势.对于膝下病变,血管腔内治疗能取得较好疗效,但远期通畅率不佳.     

下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症血管重建197例分析

目的 探讨传统外科手术、血管腔内治疗和杂交手术在下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症血管重建中的应用.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2008年12月接受血管重建手术的197例下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症患者临床资料,其中外科手术77例,血管腔内治疗82例,杂交手术38例.探讨3种血管重建方法的适应证、治疗效果、并发症及围手术期死亡率.结果 外科手术成功率97.4%(75/77),腔内治疗90.24%(74/82),杂交手术81.58%(31/38).随访2～112个月,平均随访46个月,随诊率71%(164/197).远期通畅率在主髂和股腘动脉中外科手术(57%和51%)高丁腔内治疗(48%和42%),但差异无统计学意义;远期通畅率在多节段病变和动脉狭窄并血栓形成中杂交手术(54%、26%、28%)明显高于其他方法(48%、23%).并发症在主髂和股腘动脉中外科手术(31%、12%)明显高于血管腔内治疗(31%、11%),在多节段病变(36%)明显高于腔内治疗和杂交手术(12%、15%).外科手术对于主髂和多节段动脉病变的围手术期死亡率分别为1.5%、2.0%,其他部位病变为0%;血管腔内治疗和杂交手术均为0%.结论 对于主髂和股腘动脉,外科于术是长段闭塞性病变、血管腔内治疗是短段非闭塞性病变的首选.杂交手术对多节段病变和动脉狭窄并血栓形成更具优势.对于膝下病变,血管腔内治疗能取得较好疗效,但远期通畅率不佳.     

下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症血管重建197例分析

目的 探讨传统外科手术、血管腔内治疗和杂交手术在下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症血管重建中的应用.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2008年12月接受血管重建手术的197例下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症患者临床资料,其中外科手术77例,血管腔内治疗82例,杂交手术38例.探讨3种血管重建方法的适应证、治疗效果、并发症及围手术期死亡率.结果 外科手术成功率97.4%(75/77),腔内治疗90.24%(74/82),杂交手术81.58%(31/38).随访2～112个月,平均随访46个月,随诊率71%(164/197).远期通畅率在主髂和股腘动脉中外科手术(57%和51%)高丁腔内治疗(48%和42%),但差异无统计学意义;远期通畅率在多节段病变和动脉狭窄并血栓形成中杂交手术(54%、26%、28%)明显高于其他方法(48%、23%).并发症在主髂和股腘动脉中外科手术(31%、12%)明显高于血管腔内治疗(31%、11%),在多节段病变(36%)明显高于腔内治疗和杂交手术(12%、15%).外科手术对于主髂和多节段动脉病变的围手术期死亡率分别为1.5%、2.0%,其他部位病变为0%;血管腔内治疗和杂交手术均为0%.结论 对于主髂和股腘动脉,外科于术是长段闭塞性病变、血管腔内治疗是短段非闭塞性病变的首选.杂交手术对多节段病变和动脉狭窄并血栓形成更具优势.对于膝下病变,血管腔内治疗能取得较好疗效,但远期通畅率不佳.     

下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症血管重建197例分析

目的 探讨传统外科手术、血管腔内治疗和杂交手术在下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症血管重建中的应用.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2008年12月接受血管重建手术的197例下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症患者临床资料,其中外科手术77例,血管腔内治疗82例,杂交手术38例.探讨3种血管重建方法的适应证、治疗效果、并发症及围手术期死亡率.结果 外科手术成功率97.4%(75/77),腔内治疗90.24%(74/82),杂交手术81.58%(31/38).随访2～112个月,平均随访46个月,随诊率71%(164/197).远期通畅率在主髂和股腘动脉中外科手术(57%和51%)高丁腔内治疗(48%和42%),但差异无统计学意义;远期通畅率在多节段病变和动脉狭窄并血栓形成中杂交手术(54%、26%、28%)明显高于其他方法(48%、23%).并发症在主髂和股腘动脉中外科手术(31%、12%)明显高于血管腔内治疗(31%、11%),在多节段病变(36%)明显高于腔内治疗和杂交手术(12%、15%).外科手术对于主髂和多节段动脉病变的围手术期死亡率分别为1.5%、2.0%,其他部位病变为0%;血管腔内治疗和杂交手术均为0%.结论 对于主髂和股腘动脉,外科于术是长段闭塞性病变、血管腔内治疗是短段非闭塞性病变的首选.杂交手术对多节段病变和动脉狭窄并血栓形成更具优势.对于膝下病变,血管腔内治疗能取得较好疗效,但远期通畅率不佳.     

TASC D型主髂动脉闭塞症腔内治疗的近期效果观察

目的观察TASC D型主髂动脉闭塞症腔内治疗的近期效果。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2016年12月在本院腔内治疗的36例(46条患肢)TASC D型主髂动脉闭塞症患者的临床治疗资料,观察腔内治疗成功率、手术前后踝肱指数(ABI)变化、术后并发症,并于术后6、12个月进行随访统计通畅率变化。结果 43条患肢手术成功,手术成功率93.48%(43/46);腔内治疗成功患者ABI从术前的0.42±0.16提高到术后的0.83±0.21(P0.01);术后随访6、12个月的通畅率分别为97.67%、90.70%。术中髂动脉破裂1例(3.03%),术后血肿形成1例(3.03%),未出现动静脉瘘、深静脉血栓、假性动脉瘤等并发症。结论腔内治疗TASC D型主髂动脉闭塞症创伤小,通畅率高且并发症少,近期效果显著,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

血管腔内治疗伴有血栓形成主髂动脉闭塞性病变18例分析

目的 探讨合并有血栓形成的主髂动脉闭塞性病变血管腔内治疗的可行性,安全性。方法 2006年6月至2008年2月,上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院对18例伴有血栓形成的主髂动脉闭塞病人进行了血管腔内治疗。3例行股动脉切开取栓,同期腔内治疗髂动脉病变;9例行一期髂动脉导管溶栓（CDT）,二期髂动脉病变腔内治疗术;6例行一期髂动脉球囊扩张及支架置入治疗,然后对髂动脉残留血栓进行CDT。结果 18例接受治疗的病人,术后有1例死亡。操作成功率83.3%,病死率5.6%,保肢率100％。随访时间12～26个月,平均14.5 个月。术后1年一期通畅率69.2%（9/13）, 一期辅助通畅率84.6%（11/13）, 二期通畅率92.3%（12/13）。行一期球囊扩张、支架置入病人CDT时间及所需尿激酶量均较一期CDT,二期球囊扩张、支架置入者显著减少（P<0.05）。结论 对伴有血栓形成的主髂动脉病变,可根据患肢缺血的严重程度选择相应的治疗方案。大部分无急性下肢动脉缺血症状的病人可通过血管腔内治疗结合CDT来恢复髂动脉血流,其创伤较小,操作成功率高,一期辅助通畅率和二期通畅率满意。     

下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症血管重建197例分析

目的 探讨传统外科手术、血管腔内治疗和杂交手术在下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症血管重建中的应用.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2008年12月接受血管重建手术的197例下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症患者临床资料,其中外科手术77例,血管腔内治疗82例,杂交手术38例.探讨3种血管重建方法的适应证、治疗效果、并发症及围手术期死亡率.结果 外科手术成功率97.4%(75/77),腔内治疗90.24%(74/82),杂交手术81.58%(31/38).随访2～112个月,平均随访46个月,随诊率71%(164/197).远期通畅率在主髂和股腘动脉中外科手术(57%和51%)高丁腔内治疗(48%和42%),但差异无统计学意义;远期通畅率在多节段病变和动脉狭窄并血栓形成中杂交手术(54%、26%、28%)明显高于其他方法(48%、23%).并发症在主髂和股腘动脉中外科手术(31%、12%)明显高于血管腔内治疗(31%、11%),在多节段病变(36%)明显高于腔内治疗和杂交手术(12%、15%).外科手术对于主髂和多节段动脉病变的围手术期死亡率分别为1.5%、2.0%,其他部位病变为0%;血管腔内治疗和杂交手术均为0%.结论 对于主髂和股腘动脉,外科于术是长段闭塞性病变、血管腔内治疗是短段非闭塞性病变的首选.杂交手术对多节段病变和动脉狭窄并血栓形成更具优势.对于膝下病变,血管腔内治疗能取得较好疗效,但远期通畅率不佳.     

下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症血管重建197例分析

目的 探讨传统外科手术、血管腔内治疗和杂交手术在下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症血管重建中的应用.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2008年12月接受血管重建手术的197例下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症患者临床资料,其中外科手术77例,血管腔内治疗82例,杂交手术38例.探讨3种血管重建方法的适应证、治疗效果、并发症及围手术期死亡率.结果 外科手术成功率97.4%(75/77),腔内治疗90.24%(74/82),杂交手术81.58%(31/38).随访2～112个月,平均随访46个月,随诊率71%(164/197).远期通畅率在主髂和股腘动脉中外科手术(57%和51%)高丁腔内治疗(48%和42%),但差异无统计学意义;远期通畅率在多节段病变和动脉狭窄并血栓形成中杂交手术(54%、26%、28%)明显高于其他方法(48%、23%).并发症在主髂和股腘动脉中外科手术(31%、12%)明显高于血管腔内治疗(31%、11%),在多节段病变(36%)明显高于腔内治疗和杂交手术(12%、15%).外科手术对于主髂和多节段动脉病变的围手术期死亡率分别为1.5%、2.0%,其他部位病变为0%;血管腔内治疗和杂交手术均为0%.结论 对于主髂和股腘动脉,外科于术是长段闭塞性病变、血管腔内治疗是短段非闭塞性病变的首选.杂交手术对多节段病变和动脉狭窄并血栓形成更具优势.对于膝下病变,血管腔内治疗能取得较好疗效,但远期通畅率不佳.     

下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症血管重建197例分析

目的 探讨传统外科手术、血管腔内治疗和杂交手术在下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症血管重建中的应用.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2008年12月接受血管重建手术的197例下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症患者临床资料,其中外科手术77例,血管腔内治疗82例,杂交手术38例.探讨3种血管重建方法的适应证、治疗效果、并发症及围手术期死亡率.结果 外科手术成功率97.4%(75/77),腔内治疗90.24%(74/82),杂交手术81.58%(31/38).随访2～112个月,平均随访46个月,随诊率71%(164/197).远期通畅率在主髂和股腘动脉中外科手术(57%和51%)高丁腔内治疗(48%和42%),但差异无统计学意义;远期通畅率在多节段病变和动脉狭窄并血栓形成中杂交手术(54%、26%、28%)明显高于其他方法(48%、23%).并发症在主髂和股腘动脉中外科手术(31%、12%)明显高于血管腔内治疗(31%、11%),在多节段病变(36%)明显高于腔内治疗和杂交手术(12%、15%).外科手术对于主髂和多节段动脉病变的围手术期死亡率分别为1.5%、2.0%,其他部位病变为0%;血管腔内治疗和杂交手术均为0%.结论 对于主髂和股腘动脉,外科于术是长段闭塞性病变、血管腔内治疗是短段非闭塞性病变的首选.杂交手术对多节段病变和动脉狭窄并血栓形成更具优势.对于膝下病变,血管腔内治疗能取得较好疗效,但远期通畅率不佳.     

TASCC、D级髂动脉病变的腔内治疗

目的探讨腔内技术治疗TASCC、D级髂动脉病变的可行性及近期疗效。方法回顾性总结77例TASCC、D级(共89条髂动脉)行腔内治疗患者的临床资料;其中TASCC级病变63例,TASCD级病变14例。结果 3条髂动脉未能开通闭塞段,开通率为96.6%。23条髂动脉行单纯经皮血管腔内成形术治疗,其余63条髂动脉置入支架。共置入支架104枚。踝肱指数由术前0.20±0.14增至术后7天的0.71±0.21(P=0.02)。主要并发症发生率3.9%。64例(78条髂动脉)患者获得随访,随访率83.1%;平均随访时间23(6～53)个月,其1、2、4年肢体通畅率分别为88%、84%和70%。结论腔内治疗TASCC、D级髂动脉病变安全微创,其短期效果较好。     

Endovascular management of iliac artery occlusions: extending treatment to TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus class C and D patients

OBJECTIVE: The preferential use of endovascular techniques to treat complex aortoiliac disease has increased in recent years. The purpose of this study was to review the outcomes and durability of recanalization, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, and stenting for iliac occlusions based on the patient's TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) stratification. METHODS: Between 1998 and 2004, more than 628 patients with a clinical diagnosis of aortoiliac atherosclerotic disease underwent arteriography. The endovascular treatment of 89 consecutive patients (mean age, 66 years; 58% male) with symptomatic iliac occlusions (TASC-B, -C, and -D) was the basis for this study. Original angiographic imaging was evaluated for lesion grade and runoff. Electronic and hard copy medical records were reviewed for demographic data, clinical variables, and noninvasive vascular laboratory testing. Kaplan-Meier estimators were used to determine patency rates according to Society for Vascular Surgery criteria. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. P values of <.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Recanalization and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty/stenting (total, 178 stents) of occluded iliac arteries was technically successful in 84 (91%) of 92 procedures. Patients in the TASC-C and -D groups often required multiple access sites (50%) and femoral artery endarterectomy/patch angioplasty for diffuse disease (24%). The mean ankle-brachial index increased from 0.45 to 0.83. Distal embolization led to major amputation and eventual death in one patient. Two other deaths occurred in the perioperative period secondary to cardiorespiratory causes. Three-year primary patency, secondary patency, and limb salvage rates were 76%, 90%, and 97%, respectively, and progression of infrainguinal disease led to late limb loss in two patients. Diabetes as a risk factor was significantly associated with decreased primary patency (57% vs 83%; P = .049). Critical ischemia at presentation was associated with decreased patency rates as well (P = .002), but TASC classification did not significantly alter patency rates. CONCLUSIONS: Complex long-segment and bilateral iliac occlusions can be safely treated via endovascular means with high rates of symptom resolution. Initial technical success, low morbidity, and mid-term durability are comparable to results with open reconstruction. A liberal posture to open femoral artery reconstruction extends the ability to treat diffuse TASC-C and -D lesions via endovascular means.     

腔内血管成形术治疗髂动脉长段慢性完全闭塞性病变

目的 评价腔内血管成形术治疗髂动脉长段慢性完全闭塞性病变(CTO)的可行性、有效性及安全性.方法 回顾性分析2006年1月至2010年12月经腔内血管成形术治疗的病变长度＞5 cm的髂动脉CTO患者139例(157条患肢)的临床资料.其中男性93例(105条患肢),女性46例(52条患肢);年龄50 ～96岁,平均年龄(77±10)岁.TASCⅡ分型:B型18例,C型89例,D型32例.采用左肱动脉和(或)股动脉穿刺经内膜下或血管内行髂动脉闭塞的球囊血管成形联合支架植入术治疗.结果 技术成功率96.2％ (151/157).踝肱指数由术前的0.42±0.19上升到术后的0.81±0.26.随访6～53个月,平均随访(30±7)个月,髂动脉支架畅通率94.1％ (111/118),7例发生支架内再狭窄或闭塞,无髂动脉破裂、支架移位、穿刺动脉假性动脉瘤及动静脉瘘的发生.结论 腔内血管成形术治疗髂动脉长段CTO安全、有效,术后支架通畅率高,联合肱动脉和股动脉双向穿刺技术能够显著提高技术成功率.     

支架成形术治疗髂动脉慢性闭塞症的中长期疗效分析

目的:评价支架成形术治疗髂动脉慢性闭塞症的中长期疗效。方法 :回顾性分析我科自2004年1月至2009年12月经支架成形术治疗的髂动脉慢性闭塞病人的技术成功率、支架通畅率及介入并发症。结果:髂动脉慢性闭塞症病人167例(194条患肢)纳入研究,男103例(126条患肢),女64例(68条患肢);平均年龄(71.3±12.4)岁。TASC B型47例(54条患肢),TASC C型88例(102条患肢),TASC D型32例(38条患肢)。TASC B型、C型、D型技术成功率分别为98.1%(53/54)、97.1%(99/102)、94.7%(36/38),各组比较无统计学差异;髂动脉支架成形术后1年一期通畅率、一期辅助通畅率和二期通畅率分别为94.6%、98.8%和98.8%,2年分别为90.0%、94.5%和96.2%,5年分别为78.8%、89.4%和93.5%,TASC各型之间无统计学差异。肱动脉穿刺部位血肿多于股动脉(P=0.047)。结论:支架成形术治疗髂动脉慢性闭塞安全、有效,技术成功率、支架通畅率和并发症发生率与TASCⅡ分型无相关性。     

Branched iliac bifurcation: 6 years experience with endovascular preservation of internal iliac artery flow

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the current study was to share a 6-year experience with the iliac bifurcation device (IBD) and determine its safety and effectiveness in patients with common iliac artery aneurysms. METHODS: Between 2001 and 2006, 46 patients were prospectively enrolled in a single institution study on the IBD. Indications included unilateral or bilateral common iliac artery aneurysms (CIAA) (combined or not with abdominal aortic aneurysm endovascular repair). The first 26 patients were intended to receive a first generation unibody IBD and the following 20 patients the second generation, modular, IBD. RESULTS: In 33 patients out of 46 attempted (technical success per patient 72%), 35 iliac bifurcated devices (2 patients received bilateral IBD) out of 51 attempted (technical success per vessel 69%), were successfully implanted. The technical success rate (per vessel) was 58% for the first generation device and 85% for the second generation device. Inability to introduce the side branch into the IIA and intraoperative occlusions were the main reasons for technical failure. Among these failures, only two patients required open conversions. The mean +/- SD follow-up (radiological and clinical) of the 33 patients with a total of 35 successful IBD implantations was 26 +/- 17 months (median 24, range 3 to 60). During the follow-up period out of 35 successfully-implanted iliac bifurcation devices, four (11%) hypogastric side branch occlusions occurred, all within the first 12 months. Cumulative IBD side branch patency was 87% at 60 months. Comparing the first with the second generation IBD outcomes, cumulative patency rates at 2 years revealed no statistical difference (P = .774). No endoleak, and particularly no IBD, modular side branch disconnection, no late rupture, or deaths have yet been encountered. CONCLUSIONS: Preservation of pelvic circulation in high risk patients treated for bilateral or unilateral common iliac aneurysms combined or without AAA is feasible and secure exclusively by endovascular repair. New generation iliac bifurcated devices show a favourable intraoperative performance and long-term outcomes.     

TASC-D型髂动脉病变的腔内治疗

目的 探讨对泛大西洋协作组织(TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus Working Group,TASC)-D型髂动脉闭塞性病变腔内治疗的疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2006年6月至2010年6月,TASC-D型髂动脉病变腔内治疗的26例患者(共31条肢体)的临床资料.单纯髂动脉病变10例,髂动脉合并腹股沟以下病变16例.结果 24例患者(28条肢体)获得成功,技术成功率90.3%(28条/31条),成功的28条肢体临床症状改善率100%(28条/28条),治疗成功者共放置支架44枚,其中8条肢体进行腹股沟以下动脉腔内治疗,3条肢体同时行股-腘人工血管旁路术,8例患者辅助超声消融技术.术后踝-肱指数(ankle-brachial index,ABI)为0.67±0.16,较术前0.37 ±0.15提高,两者差异有统计学意义(t=13.24,P<0.01).随访22例(26条肢体),时间3～44个月,平均(22±11)个月.1年初期通畅率90%(18/20);二期累积通畅率95%(19/20);3年初期通畅率70%(7/10),二期累积通畅率80%(8/10).结论 对于难以耐受外科手术的TASC-D型髂动脉病变可以选用腔内治疗.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate recanalization for TASC-D type iliac artery lesions.Methods Between June 2006 and June 2010,26 patients with a total of 31 limbs of the TASC-D iliac artery lesions underwent endovascular procedure. Results Technical success rate was 90.3% (28/31).Clinical symptom improvement rate was 100%. Forty-four stents were placed in 28 limbs of the 24 patients.Eleven patients underwent an associated procedure; femoropopliteal endovascular procedures in 8 cases,femoro-popliteal bypass in 3 cases. Eight patients underwent an intravascular ultrasound thrombolysis.Postoperative ankle-brachial index ( ABI) was increased by more than 0. 15 in all patients. Twenty-two patients(26 limbs) were followed-up for 3 -44 mos, the primary patency rate at 12 months was 90% ,and cumulative patency rate was 95%. At 36 months primary patency rate was 70% , and secondary patency rate was 80%. Conclusions Because the technical success rate is high, endovascular techeniques are the choice of therapy in high risk patients with TASC-D type iliac artery lesions.     

Long-term outcomes and predictors of iliac angioplasty with selective stenting

OBJECTIVE: To review our 11-year experience of iliac angioplasty with selective stenting and to evaluate the safety, short- and long-term patency, clinical success rates, and predictive risk factors in patients with iliac artery occlusive disease. METHODS: From August 1993 to November 2004, 151 iliac lesions (149 stenoses, 2 occlusions) in 104 patients were treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). The patients had chronic limb ischemia described as disabling claudication (the Society for Vascular Surgery clinical category 2 or 3) in 76 (50%), rest pain (category 4) in 38 (25%), and ulcer/gangrene (category 5) in 37 (25%). Forty-six limbs (30%) were treated with concomitant infrainguinal endovascular (36, 24%) or open procedures (10, 6%). Thirty-four limbs (23%) had one or more stents placed for primary PTA failure, including residual stenosis (> or =30%), mean pressure gradient (> or =5 mm Hg), or dissection (stent group); whereas, 117 limbs (77%) underwent PTA alone (PTA group). The affected arteries treated were 28 (19%) common iliac, 31 (20%) external iliac, and 92 (61%) both arteries. According to TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) classification, 39 limbs (26%) were in type A, 71 (47%) in type B, 36 (24%) in type C, and 5 (3%) in type D. Reporting standards of the Society for Vascular Surgery and the International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery were followed. RESULTS: There was no perioperative death. Total complication rate was 0.7% (one groin hematoma). The mean follow-up was 21 months (median, 10; range, 1 to 94 months). Only 9 (8%) of 117 of the PTA group had subsequent stent placement for recurrent stenosis. The iliac lesions were more severe and extensive in the stent group than those in the PTA group according to TASC classification (Mann-Whitney U test [M-W], P < .0001) and anatomic location (M-W, P = .0019). The technical success rate was 99%, and the initial clinical success rate was 99%. Overall, the cumulative primary patency rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 76%, 59%, and 49% (Kaplan-Meier [K-M]). The cumulative assisted primary and secondary patency rates at 7 years were 98% and 99% (K-M). The mean number of subsequent iliac endovascular procedures was 1.4 per limb in patients with primary failure of iliac angioplasty/stenting. The continued clinical improvement rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 81%, 67%, and 53% (K-M). The limb salvage rates at 7 year were 93% (K-M). Of 15 predictor variables studied in 151 iliac lesions, the significant independent predictors for adverse outcomes were smoking history (P = .0074), TASC type C/type D lesions (P = .0001), and stenotic ipsilateral superficial femoral artery (P = .0002) for the primary patency rates; chronic renal failure with hemodialysis (P = .014), ulcer/gangrene as an indication for PTA (P < .0001), and stenotic ipsilateral superficial femoral artery (P = .034) for the continued clinical improvement (K-M, log-rank test and Cox regression model). CONCLUSIONS: Although the primary patency rates were not high, the assisted primary and secondary patency rates were excellent without primary stenting. Overall, >70% of iliac lesions were treated successfully with PTA alone. The results of this study show that selective stenting offers satisfactory assisted primary and secondary long-term patency after iliac angioplasty. Patients with TASC type C/type D iliac lesions, a stenotic ipsilateral superficial femoral artery, ulcer/gangrene, smoking history, and chronic renal failure with hemodialysis should be followed carefully after endovascular iliac revascularization. These risk factors could be considered indications for primary stenting, although further studies are needed to confirm this.     

腔内双向开通慢性髂动脉闭塞的长期结果分析

目的分析腔内治疗时经双向开通的复杂髂动脉闭塞患者的长期通畅率。方法回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院2012年8月至2018年8月因慢性髂动脉闭塞尝试双向开通并且最终成功完成腔内手术的58例患者(66条肢体)资料,统计长期通畅率。结果技术成功率96.6%。1年的一期通畅率96.6%(56/58),5年一期通畅率82.6%(19/23),二期通畅率91.3%(21/23),主要不良事件率为8.7%(2/23)。结论腔内双向开通复杂髂动脉闭塞性病变,有创伤小、恢复快等优点,而且其长期通畅率并不劣于开放手术。     

Remote iliac artery endarterectomy: seven-year results of a less invasive technique for iliac artery occlusive disease

OBJECTIVE: Remote endarterectomy of external and common iliac artery occlusions through a single, groin incision under fluoroscopic guidance is a relative unknown surgical procedure. This prospective single center cohort study describes this less invasive endovascular technique with the ring strip cutter and its early complications. The results at midterm follow-up are presented. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From April 1994 to July 2001, 49 remote-endarterectomies of the external or common iliac artery were performed in a retrograde manner from a single, groin incision in 48 patients (30 men, 31 procedures). The median age was 66 years (39 to 82 years). Indications for operation were as follows: severe claudication in 28 (57%), rest pain in 13 (27%), and gangrene in 8 (16%) procedures. Follow-up included clinical evaluation, ankle-brachial index, and duplex scanning at 6 weeks, 3 months, and yearly thereafter. RESULTS: Intraoperative technical success was achieved in 43 (88%) procedures. A retroperitoneal incision was necessary in three patients for an additional arteriotomy in the iliac artery and in three others for a bypass procedure. The mean follow-up was 20 months (2 to 77 months). Three-year cumulative primary patency rate by means of life table analysis was 60.2% +/- 12.0 (SE). During follow-up, percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty with and without stenting was performed in six and two patients, respectively, resulting in a 3-year primary-assisted patency rate of 85.7% +/- 9.56. Three-year secondary patency was 94.2% +/- 5.50. CONCLUSIONS: Remote endarterectomy in external and common iliac arterial occlusive disease is a feasible endovascular procedure with a low complication rate. The midterm primary-assisted patency rate is good.     

Does conversion of intended remote iliac artery endarterectomy alter the early and long-term outcome?

The purpose of this study was to compare the perioperative and long-term results of initial successful remote iliac artery endarterectomies (RIAEs) with converted procedures. From April 1994 to September 2003, 63 remote endarterectomies of the external and/or common iliac artery were planned in 62 patients (41 males, 42 procedures). The median age was 65 years (range 39-83 years), and the indication for operation was severe claudication in 37 (59%), rest pain in 16 (25%), and gangrene in 10 (16%) procedures. Initial technical success was achieved in 56 (89%) procedures (group 1); seven conversions (group 2) were necessary. In group 1, the 5-year primary patency rate improved from 64 +/- 15% to a primary assisted patency of 88 +/- 9.3% after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in 11 patients, with 7 requiring stent placement. The 5-year secondary patency rate was 94 +/- 7.4%. The primary and secondary patency rates in group 2 were 86 +/- 19% and 100%, respectively. RIAE can be offered to patients with long occlusions of the iliac arteries as a first treatment option. The inherent risk of a possible conversion of an intended RIAE to a more invasive surgical procedure has no significant adverse clinical effect on the early and 5-year clinical outcomes.