Transplantation of human fetal tissue in hematology

Intravenous transplantation of human fetal tissue, notably of the liver and thymus, is used in emergency hematological states: aplastic anemia and acute leukemia. The strong manifestation of “graft-versus-host” disease proved unexpected. Fetal donor hepatic cells stimulate hemopoiesis in the recipient. In some cases true cellular chimerism has been observed, specifically when a transplant of human fetal tissue (THFT) to a fetus with prenatal pathology was performedin utero. In gene therapy attempts have been made to infuse hemopoietic stem cells intravenously or to introduce the adenosine aminase gene into leukocytes of patients with a deficiency of this enzyme. Treatment using transplantation of human fetal tissue will help solve the problem of HLA-histocompatibility and will make gene therapy more widely applicable. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 4, pp. 375–377, April, 1994     

Structural changes in spiny neurons of the rat striatum after a unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine

A decrease in the profile field of bodies and dendrite branching of neurons is revealed. An increase in dendrite lengths and in the area occupied by the bodies of spiny neurons is demonstrated 4 and 12 months postoperation due to the growth of terminal dendritic segments and increased number and length of unbranched dendrites. The positive changes in striatal spiny neurons after injection of 6-hydroxydopamine are indicative of a high level of their plasticity. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol, 117, N ^o 4, pp. 446–448, April, 1994 Presented by O. S. Adrianov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Adaptation of the membrane receptor apparatus of blood cells after the combined use of cryodestruction and plasma beam in experimental cirrhosis of the liver

It is shown that cryodestruction combined with resection with a plasma beam aggravates alterations of the functions of the blood cell receptor complex affected by cirrhosis, leading to hypoinsulinemia, inhibited capacity of cells to utilize glucose, a lowered metabolic activity of insulin receptors, and other changes. Three weeks after surgery the energy metabolism of the blood cells returns to the normal level, while the activity of insulin receptors and of hexokinase exceeds the control level. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 647–650, June, 1995 Presented by V. N. Yarygin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Morphological characteristics of lymphocyte-hepatocyte contacts in various periods of liver regeneration in mice

The histo-and ultrastructure of regenerating murine liver is studied after excision of 2/3 of its tissue. Counts of leukocytes and lymphocytes are found to be increased in the intertrabecular spaces after the operation. Lymphocytes come in close contact with hepatocytes and reticuloendotheliocytes forming microtunnels at the sites of contact. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 176–179, February, 1994     

Functional activity of blood mononuclear cells during regeneration of bone tissue

It is established that, during elongation of a segment of the extremity, normal regeneration of the bone tissue is attended by a slight decrease in monocyte adherence during the postoperative period and by an increase of the functional activity of lymphocytes during subsequent activation of osteogenesis. Suppression of the lymphoid apparatus is observed in the case of disturbed osteogenesis. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 1117, N ^o 1, pp. 104–105, January, 1994     

Interaction of selected pregna-D'-pentaranes with cytosolic receptors of myometrium and endometrium in various disease states

The relative capacities of several pregna-D'-pentaranes to combine with cytosolic receptors of the myometrium and endometrium in various disease states are investigated, and one of the compounds, 6α-methyl-16α, 17α-cyclohexanoprogesterone, is identified as holding particular promise for clinical use in replacement therapy and as a contraceptive agent. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 2, pp. 163–165, February, 1995     

Effect of extract from a transplant for eyelid plasty (series ALLOPLANTTM) on DNA synthesis in cultures cells

Extract isolated from a collagen-containing transplant (series ALLOPLANT^TM), which is used in the treatment of benign and malignant neoplasms of the eyelid, inhibits DNA synthesis in the cellin vitro. This effect is nonspecific, reversible, and dose-dependent. The extract is thermostable and resistant to proteolytic enzymes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 75–79, January, 1994     

Na+/H+ countertransport and calcium exchange in peripheral blood cells of healthy subjects and patients with chronic heart failure

A comparative study is performed of Na⁺/H⁺ exchange and Ca²⁻ mobilization in erythrocytes and platelets of patients with stage I–II chronic heart failure caused by dilative cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease. A significant rise in the Na⁺/H⁺ exchange rate is found in the cells of chronic heart failure patients, which correlates with an elevated erythrocyte and platelet concentration of Ca²⁺ and an increased “calcium” response of platelets to inductors. The findings testify to a certain functional relationship between various cation-transporting cellular systems whose change in properties upon chronic heart failure can play an important pathogenic role. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 572–575, December, 1994     

The content of tocopherol and lipid peroxidation products in the tissues of rats with genetically determined hyperproduction of free oxygen radicals

It is shown that at the age of 2–3 months S rats with genetically determined hyperproduction of free radicals have the same content of tocopherol in the heart, epididymal fat, adrenals, liver, and liver mitochondria as Wistar rats but a lower content of plasma tocopherol. At 10–12 months, the tocopherol content in all studied tissues and organs, except the liver, is higher than in young S rats and age-matched Wistar rats. This is regarded as a compensatory response facilitating the stabilization of LPO under conditions of increased free radical formation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 282–284, March, 1996     

Use of osteogenic bone-marrow precursor cells for reparative osteogenesis in the mandible of experimental animals

Using a model of “bony tissue tunnel defect” produced by the removal of a mandibular incisor in rats, it was found that closing the defect with a bioprosthesis prevented the washing out of osteogenic bone marrow precursor cells, which serve as a substrate for reparative osteogenesis, from the mandibular spongy bone. The reparative process was strongly stimulated if the bioprosthesis contained estrone; in this case, the time required for the tooth socket to be filled with osteogenic tissue was shortened by half. When no bone marrow elements were present in the socket, it was filled with fibrotic connective tissue, the number of bone marrow elements in spongy bone cavities was small, and the mandibular osteogenic tissue underwent atrophy. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 72–75, January, 1995     

Comparative study of the state of bone tissue during hormone replacement therapy and transplantation of human fetal tissues in oophorectomized women

The state of bone tissue is studied in 95 women with postoophorectomy syndrome. It is shown that fetal tissue therapy delayed the progression of the pathological process in bones and even increased bone density. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 10, pp. 428–430, October, 1995     

Binding of3H-diazepam in rat brain eleven months after termination of corazole kindling

Binding of³H-diazepam in rat cerebellum decreases by 14% (p<0.05) 11 months after termination of kindling and one day after injection of a test dose of corazole (30 mg/kg), while it increases by 19.5% after a single injection of a convulsive dose of corazole (50–75 mg/kg). No changes are found in the cortex. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 135–137, February, 1994 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Autonomic reactions in patients undergoing total oophorectomy and their changes after human fetal tissue transplant

The effect of transplantation of human fetal tissues on the type of autonomic reactions in women of reproductive age after oophorectomy was investigated. The maximal effect of the therapy was observed 1.5–2 months after transplantation, but by the sixth month all parameters returned to baseline. Transplantation of human fetal tissues is contraindicated for patients suffering from essential hypertension. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 195–199, February, 1996     

Disturbances in the integrative activity of the rat brain after bilateral focal compression ischemia of the frontal cortex

Pathomorphological changes and disturbances in the integrative activity of the central nervous system of rats are studied after bilateral compression ischemia of the frontal cortex. Bilateral compression of the frontal cortex is shown to result in the formation of limited foci of ischemic necroses in the cortex, which are surrounded by the perifocal zone. This is attended by reduced horizontal motor activity in the “open field” test, as well as by a reduced latency of the conditioned passive avoidance response. The motor activity of operated animals is restored on day 14 postoperation, correlating with regeneration of some damaged neurons in the perifocal zone, whereas the latency of the conditioned passive avoidance response remains markedly reduced. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 568–571, December, 1994 Presented by O. S. Adrianov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Role of mast cells in reparative processes in inflammation

Using the model of acute infectious peritonitis in rats, it is shown that inflammation induced in the absence of mast cells is characterized by marked inhibition of reparative processes. The most significant accumulation of functionally active fibroblasts and the development of granulations and young connective tissue in the mesentery occur 5–10 days after flogogen injection in the natural development of inflammation and after 10–20 days in the absence of mast cells. The data suggest that under natural conditions mast cells directly or indirectly stimulate reparative processes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 3, pp. 262–265, March, 1995 Presented by E. D. Gol'dberg, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Experimental treatment of habitual abortion of adrenal etiology by transplantation of a tissue culture of newborn pig adrenals

Transplantation of an adrenal tissue culture from newborn pigs was performed in patients with habitual abortions. The advantages of this method as compared to the traditional treatment with adrenocortical hormones consist in the absence of effects on the fetus and of side effects in pregnant women. Monitoring of the serum level of adrenocortical hormones is not required. Healthy children were born to 22 patients out of 23. Three clinical cases are described. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 4, pp. 389–391, April, 1994     

Morphological characteristics of histions of developing and atresic human ovarian follicles

The morphology of tissue elements of human ovarian follicles was studied in the course of normal folliculogenesis and in some forms of its disorders. Signs of abnormal development of follicles were detected that are typical of different stages of their development under the conditions studied. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 188–191, August, 1995     

Regeneration of the liver after partial hepatectomy with a beam of ionized plasma

Eighty guinea pigs underwent resection of the left lateral lobe of the liver, performed with a beam of ionized plasma. Morphological analysis 32 and 45 hours after partial hepatectomy revealed minor damage to the parenchyma to a depth of 300–400 μ. Autoradiography showed proliferative activity in the organ to occur in the early post-operative period. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 431–432, April, 1995 Presented by B. T. Velichkovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Threshold of seizure activity of the brain and higher nervous activity in the postresuscitation period for intracerebral allotransplantation of fetal neocortex tissue

The threshold of seizure activity of the brain, long-term memory, and learning ability are studied in Wistar rats for bilateral transplantation of fetal nervous tissue in area CA1 of the hippocampus. The grafts are performed on the 2nd, 7th, 14th and 30th days after clinical death caused by asphyxia. A neurotransplantation performed on the 2nd day of the postresuscitation period is found to prevent seizure activity, whereas that performed on the 7th–14th days results in a sharp decline or cessation of spontaneous and induced epileptiform convulsive seizures, prolonged preservation of the long-term memory trace, an improvement of learning ability, and a lessening of defensive and phobic behavior in a large proportion of the animals. Translated fromByulleten's Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 234–237, February, 1996 Presented by V. A. Negovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Experimental study of Ebola hemorrhagic fever inPapio hamadryas

The course of disease caused by Ebola virus inPapio hamadryas is studied by clinical and biochemical methods. The severity and outcome of the disease are found to be unrelated to the degree of viremia. The development of deep lesions in the liver and kidneys in the course of the disease, as well as of a disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome with an abnormally prolonged hypercoagulation stage is demonstrated. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 302–304, September, 1995