肿瘤患者淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞化学发光反应

肿瘤患者常出现白细胞总数增高,中性粒细胞百分率上升,淋巴细胞百分率下降。然而,这些细胞数量上变化与细胞活性状态是否一致了解不多。细胞化学发光反映细胞氧化代谢活性及氧自由基形成能力。本实验测定肿瘤患者淋巴细胞化学发光(Ly—CL)和中性粒细胞化学发光(PMN—CL)反应,探讨这二种细胞的数量变化与氧化代谢活性关系。     

肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞

肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞是继 LAK 细胞之后新近研究的又一类新型抗瘤效应细胞。近几年,对肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞的免疫生物学及功能进行了大量的研究。动物肿瘤模型的实验研究及临床应用研究结果表明,肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞具有特异、高效的杀瘤活性和依赖 IL-2低、副作用小等 LAK 细胞所不能比拟的特点,并初步展示其临床应用的光辉前景。因此,肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞受到人们的广泛关注。     

淋巴细胞核仁组成区嗜银蛋白测定在肿瘤诊断中的意义

目的探讨检测外周血T淋巴细胞核仁组成区(nucleoar organizer regions,NORs)嗜银蛋白(Ag-NoRs)在肿瘤诊断中的价值。方法分别取1100位健康查体者(健康组)、336例经病理确诊的肿瘤患者(肿瘤组)及418例非肿瘤患者(良性病组)的静脉血0.5mL,经培养、制片、银染、图象分析,以T淋巴细胞核仁银染面积与细胞核面积比值作为Ag-NoRs的检测指标。结果健康组、良性病组及恶性肿瘤组外周血T淋巴细胞Ag-NORs检测结果分别为(7.23±0.45)%、(7.03±0.54)%和(4.03±0.25)%。经统计学分析,健康组、良性病组分别与恶性肿瘤组比较差异有统计学意义,t=32.34,P<0.05;t=29.13,P<0.05;但良性病组与健康组之间差异无统计学意义,t=7.32,P>0.05。结论外周血T淋巴细胞Ag-NoRs含量测定对肿瘤的诊断具有重要意义。     

肿瘤患者全血化学发光和抗氧化酶活性的变化

对６２例肿瘤患者全血化学发光和三种抗氧化酶活性对照分析，结果显示患者全血化学发光水平升高和抗氧化酶活性减低有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。原发癌组全血发光较转移癌组显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。抗氧化酶以ＳＯＤ活性改变对细胞发光影响最大，提示活性氧代谢失衡和抗氧化酶防御系统功能低下在肿瘤病因学或病理过程中有着重要意义。     

淋巴细胞浸润肿瘤的调节机制

淋巴细胞归巢受机体组织微环境的调控,肿瘤形成时机体微环境的变化影响淋巴细胞的迁移和浸润。肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（tumor-infiltration lymphocyte,TIL）作为重要的抗肿瘤免疫细胞,其分布和浸润程度与肿瘤发生、发展以及预后密切相关。淋巴细胞浸润肿瘤的调节机制可能涉及肿瘤脉管对淋巴细胞浸润的正反两方面的调节,黏附分子和趋化因子介导淋巴细胞外渗、募集、肿瘤抗原定位淋巴细胞浸润程度以及其他免疫细胞影响淋巴细胞浸润等。如何引导淋巴细胞向肿瘤迁移、能否创造利于瘤内浸润的微环境等,对于加速TIL临床转化,使肿瘤患者更大程度获益具有重要意义。     

肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞免疫治疗胃癌的疗效研究

对部分胃癌患者进行肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（ＴＩＬ）免疫治疗。临床研究显示，ＴＩＬ免疫治疗可使胃癌患者瘤体部分缩小，存活期延长，临床一般症状明显改善。通过ＯＫＴ比值、ＳＩＬ２Ｒ、ＮＫｃ等免疫指标观察，发现ＴＩＬ治疗胃癌患者可以体免疫功能，促进其抗癌消瘤的能力。作者认为，对于胃癌患者的综合治疗而言，ＴＩＬ免疫治疗是主要方法之一，它可以调节机体免疫功能的平衡，减轻病员痛苦，改善临床症状，延长其存活期。     

肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞治疗进展期肿瘤的现状

随着肿瘤物生学治疗的发展，肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞过继免疫治疗进展期肿瘤取得了令人鼓舞的结果，改变培养体系，使ＴＩＬ大量扩增，增强其细胞毒性，是提高临床反应率的一个重要方面。     

肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞的研究现状

肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(tumor infiltrating lymphocyte,TIL)是继淋巴因子激活杀伤细胞(LAK)之后,第二代抗肿瘤免疫活性细胞。它具有高效、特异、副作用小等优点,它有望成为新一代抗肿瘤免疫细胞,本文就目前国内外对TIL的研究现状作进行综述。     

细胞因子与肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞

 早在163年Virchow等就发现了肿瘤部位有炎性细胞浸润,以后人们逐渐认识到肿瘤部位的炎性细胞浸润反映了机体对肿瘤的免疫效应,且与预后有关.到1986年Rosebegr等成功的从肿瘤组织中分离出浸润淋巴细胞,并用IL-2扩增后回输给荷瘤小鼠,使肿瘤消退,引起人们对TIL与细胞因子的广泛兴趣,开始了对TIL的大量研究,随着人们对细胞因子的不断发现以及深人研究,对TIL的研究亦起了推动作用.本文拟对细胞因子和TIL关系的研究进展做-概述.     

Prognostic significance of DNA measurements in 409 consecutive breast cancer patients

Four hundred nine consecutive breast cancer patients were studied retrospectively. Microspectrophotometric DNA measurements were performed using archival, fine-needle slide preparations upon which the primary diagnoses had been based 8 to 13 years earlier. The DNA distribution patterns of the tumor cell populations were analyzed according to various criteria and the cytochemical data were correlated to the clinical course, defined as distant recurrence-free survival. The results demonstrated a strong relationship between nuclear DNA content of the breast cancer cells and prognosis. Tumors exhibiting DNA values within the limits of normal tissues (DNA euploidy) were found to be correlated with a favorable prognosis. In contrast, tumors with increased and scattered DNA values (DNA aneuploidy) were found indicative of poor prognosis. This was found to be the case regardless whether the percentage of cells above 2.5c or 5c, DNA index/modal value, or the histogram typing according to Auer et al were utilized to discriminate low-grade from high-grade malignant cases. All of these DNA variables were also shown to be significantly correlated. With the aid of the Cox regression method, the additional prognostic value of any given variable was tested against the others. The statistical analyses showed that the histogram typing gives significant prognostic information in addition to that provided by any other variable. In conclusion, the current study demonstrates that tumor nuclear DNA content is a strong indicator of prognosis in patients suffering from invasive breast adenocarcinoma. However, the results also show that simple determination of the stemline position is not the optimal DNA measure of intrinsic tumor malignancy potential. The fraction of cells scattered outside the modal peaks of the histograms are of utmost importance for adequate cytochemical malignancy grading in breast carcinomas.     

Prognostic significance of neutrophil-to lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to lymphocyte ratio in older patients with metastatic colorectal cancer

Aging is associated with a higher risk of cancer, >70% of cancer-related deaths occur in aged patients; however, this population is underrepresented in clinical trials, therefore, clinical information regarding this age group is rather limited.ObjectivesNeutrophil-to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been described as biomarkers in cancer, thus, we have assessed their impact in an aged cohort of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).Patients and Methods110 patients with a mean age of 72.2 years at diagnosis were retrospectively reviewed; NLR and PLR were calculated and dichotomized using a cutoff point estimated by a ROC curve. Survival curves and Cox regression analysis were performed to assess the prognostic potential of ratios in terms of progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsHigh NLR was associated to worse outcome in terms of PFS (ten vs sixteen months; Log rank <0.001) (HR 2.00 95%CI 1. 29–3.11; p = .002) and OS (20 vs 26 months; Log rank 0.002) (HR 2.28 95%CI 1.40–3.71; p = .001). Similarly it occurs with high PLR and PFS (nine vs fifteen months; Log rank 0.04) (HR 1.55 95%CI 1.01–2.40; p = .04) and OS (nineteen vs 25 months; Log rank <0.001) (HR 2.35 95%CI 1.45–3.80; p < .001).ConclusionThis study confirms the role of NLR and PLR as accessible and noninvasive biomarkers that could be use as a routine tool in the clinical practice in geriatric patients with mCRC.     

Induced blood serum chemiluminescence in lymphogranulomatosis patients]

The authors report the results of studying the parameters of the kinetics of induced chemiluminescence of blood serum in patients with lymphogranulomatosis prior to and after the therapy. The luminescence characteristics in patients were found to differ from those in donors. Following the treatment the kinetic parameters approach the initial values. The data obtained have demonstrated the possible aspects of using the method concerned in the complex diagnostics, and to control the efficacy of the therapy for the given pathology.     

The lymphocyte immunological phenotype of young and middle-aged breast cancer patients]

The immunologic phenotype of lymphocytes of young and middle-aged patients with breast cancer was identified using ICO monoclonal antibodies. The parameters were compared to that of healthy subjects of the corresponding age groups. Breast cancer patients of both age groups were shown to have lower T-cell level as compared to donors. Parameters of T-cell-mediated immunity did not differ significantly between the young and middle-aged patients, although the former group tended to have lower level of mature T-lymphocytes. A significant decrease in parameters of B-cell-mediated immunity was observed in young patients as compared to donors whereas in middle-aged patients B-lymphocyte and monocyte levels were 4 times those in donors. B-lymphocyte level in young patients tended to be lower than in middle-aged ones.     

Venous thromboembolism risk prediction in ambulatory cancer patients: Clinical significance of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio

Neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte (PLR) ratios might represent a yet unrecognized risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer out‐patients receiving chemotherapy. Accordingly, this study was aimed at analyzing the significance of these novel markers in the risk prediction of a first VTE episode in a population representative of a general practice cohort. To this purpose, a mono‐institutional cohort study was conducted to retrospectively analyze NLR and PLR in 810 consecutive cancer out‐patients with primary or relapsing solid cancer at the start of a new chemotherapy regimen. Over a median follow‐up of 9.2 months, VTE occurred in 6.7% of patients. Incidental VTE was diagnosed at time of restaging in 47% of cases. Median pre‐chemotherapy NLR (p = 0.015) and PLR (p = 0.040) were significantly higher in patients with intermediate risk class who developed symptomatic VTE with a twofold increased VTE risk for both inflammation‐based markers (NLR: p = 0.022; PLR: p = 0.037) and a worst 1‐year VTE‐free survival for patients with high NLR or PLR. However, only PLR (HR = 2.4, p = 0.027) confirmed to be an independent predictor of future VTE in patients in the intermediate risk class in multivariate analysis, together with ECOG performance status (HR = 3.4, p = 0.0002) and bevacizumab use (HR = 4.7, p = 0.012). We may, thus, conclude that PLR, but to a lesser extent NLR, could represent useful clinical predictors of VTE, especially in selected categories of patients such as those in the intermediate risk class in whom the assessment of PLR could allow a better risk stratification of VTE without additional costs to the national health systems.     

外周血T淋巴细胞亚群检测在胃癌病情监测及预后评价中的意义

目的：探讨外周血T淋巴细胞亚群检测在胃癌病情监测及预后评价中的价值。方法选择100例胃癌患者作为胃癌组,患者采用mFOLFOX6方案,2周为1个疗程,每位患者化疗4个疗程以上。另选择同期在医院体检的健康人群80例作为对照组,采用流式细胞仪技术检测两组外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平。结果化疗前胃癌组外周血CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+显著低于对照组,CD8+显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。Ⅰ～Ⅱ期胃癌患者外周血CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+显著高于Ⅲ～Ⅳ期,CD8+显著低于Ⅲ～Ⅳ期,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。不同疗效的胃癌患者化疗前外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平比较差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）,化疗后CR+PR组、SD组、PD组外周血CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+显著降低,CD8+显著上升,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）,且CR+PR组外周血CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+显著高于SD组和PD组,CD8+显著低于SD组和PD组,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。结论通过检测血清外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平能够有助于评估胃癌的病情和预后。     

胃癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的测定及临床意义

目的分析胃癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平的特点、影响因素及临床意义.方法采用流式细胞术(FCM)检测308例胃癌患者外周血中的T淋巴细胞亚群的水平与48例正常对照比较研究.结果患者外周血CD3+、CD4+明显减少,而CD8+明显增加,CD4+/CD8+比值明显下降,与正常组比较差异具有高度显著性(P＜0.01);患者性别、年龄、临床分期不影响其表达,差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论胃癌患者存在细胞免疫功能紊乱,检测胃癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的表达对评估患者的细胞免疫功能及疾病的诊断具有一定的临床意义.     

肺癌患者T淋巴细胞rDNA转录活性分析(附112例报道)

目的　通过肺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞rDNA转录活性分析 ,探讨其对肺癌辅助诊断、治疗结果判定和预后监测的意义。方法　利用CIAS 10 0 0型细胞图像分析系统及相关的细胞培养、银染等技术 ,对 2 0例健康人、2 0例炎症患者和 112例肺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞rDNA转录活性进行分析 ,结果以核仁积分面积与细胞核积分面积的比值 (I .S % )和核仁银染积分光密度与细胞核银染积分光密度的比值 (I .O .D % )表达。结果　肿瘤患者外周血T淋巴细胞的rDNA转录活性明显下降 ,与健康人比较 ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;肿瘤转移和 /或复发时 ,T淋巴细胞rDNA转录活性进一步下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　外周血T淋巴细胞rDNA转录活性分析可以做为肺癌的辅助诊断、治疗疗效的判定和预后的监测指标。     

Prognostic significance of expression of c-ERBB-2 oncoprotein in breast cancer patients]

The c-erbB-2 oncogene, is a member of tyrosine kinase oncogene family and expected to play a role in the regulation of cell growth. In the present study, prognostic significance of the expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was investigated by immunocytochemical assay with 130 primary breast cancer patients. The positive expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was found in 53 out of 130 patients (40.8%). There was no significant correlation between expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and conventional prognostic factors, estrogen receptor (ER), axillary lymph node metastasis and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Relapse free survival rate of the patients with positive c-erbB-2 expression was significantly worse than those with negative at 49 month after operation. Similar result was found in overall survival rate but the difference was not significant. Furthermore, when patients were stratified by regional nodal status, in the patients with lymph node metastasis, the prognosis of the patients with positive c-erbB-2 expression was significantly worse than those with negative, while no significant difference was found in the patients without lymph node metastasis. These results suggest that c-erbB-2 oncoprotein may act as a prognostic factor independently, predicting the prognosis of breast cancer patients.     

Clinical significance of detecting circulating cancer cells in patients with solid malignancies]

There have been several studies attempting to detect the existence of cancer cells in the peripheral blood of patients with solid malignancies. The use of RT-PCR assays for cytokeratin (CK), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoproteins (AFP), prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate specific membrane antigen (PMSA) is likely to be practicable in the detection of circulating tumor cells from epithelial-derived malignancies. The positive rates varied widely among the studies attempting to detect circulating cancer cells in peripheral blood, even when the same targets were used, which may be explained by the sensitivity of the RT-PCR assays and the target genes used. Both false negative results and false positive results can be obtained with the RT-PCR assay system. Furthermore, cancer cells may be released from the primary cancer into the circulation intermittently rather than constantly, and the results may vary among the samples obtained at different time points. In this report, we review our recent studies and related studies by other researchers to show the advances and the problems in detecting circulating cancer cells in patients with solid malignancies. The clinical significance of detecting circulating cancer cells in peripheral blood remains to be determined.