黄连中生物碱的超临界CO_2萃取工艺研究

目的：研究黄连中生物碱的超临界CO2萃取工艺。方法：采用单因素和正交实验的方法,考查萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间和物料粒度等因素对黄连中生物碱超临界CO2萃取物得率的影响。结果：超临界CO2萃取黄连中生物碱影响因素从高到低依次为萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间。最佳萃取工艺条件为：萃取压力30 MPa,物料粒度40-60目,萃取温度60℃,萃取时间1.5 h。此条件下黄连中生物碱萃取率为14.24%。结论：该方法提取效率高、稳定、准确、重现性好。     

乌药总生物碱提取工艺的优选及镇痛作用的研究

目的优选乌药总生物碱（TALR）的提取工艺并研究其镇痛作用。方法采取乙醇回流法提取,考察乙醇浓度、乙醇用量、提取时间、提取次数影响,进行L9（34）正交试验设计,以乌药总生物碱的紫外吸收峰最大吸光度A值为指标进行优选。镇痛实验取最佳提取方法所得TALR的不同浓度水溶液ig给予小鼠后,采用醋酸小鼠扭体法研究TALR的镇痛作用。结果优选工艺为：加入14倍量95%乙醇提取1h,酸溶碱沉得TALR,因其A值远高于其他工艺,故判断此法所得TALR质量分数相对最高。药理实验表明TALR可显著减少小鼠扭体次数。结论优选工艺简单可行,质量分数较高;TALR具有较强的镇痛作用。     

Box-Behnken响应面法优化延胡索配方颗粒的提取工艺

目的优选延胡索配方颗粒中延胡索总生物碱提取的工艺条件。方法采用单因素实验结合Box-Behnken响应面法,以延胡索总生物碱提取率为评价指标进行实验,考察提取时间、水料比和提取次数3个因素对提取工艺的影响。结果根据回归方程确定的最佳提取工艺条件为:提取时间100min;水料比12.5∶1(mL·g-1);提取次数3次。结论采用该工艺条件,延胡索总生物碱的提取率为1.94%,与理论值预测值接近,具有一定的实用价值。     

Optimization of the extraction conditions and quantification by RP-LC analysis of three alkaloids in Zanthoxylum nitidum roots

Context: A classic traditional Chinese medicine, Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. widely used in China, exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antianalgesic activities. Alkaloids are one of the main bioactive components. It is urgent to develop a simple and reliable method to determine the main alkaloids in Z. nitidum roots.

Objective: To determine the three alkaloids in Z. nitidum roots, a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (RP-LC) method combined with an optimum extraction condition was established.

Materials and methods: A method involving four-factor-three-level orthogonal array design including the extracting solvent and the RP-LC condition was assayed. Twenty batches were collected from different areas of the Guangxi Province at different harvesting times. The determined alkaloids were nitidine chloride (NC, 1), ethoxychelerythrine (2) and liriodenine (3). The stable mobile phase was a C₁₈ packing, and the mobile phase was acetonitril-aqueous phosphoric acid-triethylamine-buffer solution.

Results: The optimum extraction and detection conditions have been determined in the process of quantification of Z. nitidum root alkaloids. The three alkaloids were detected simultaneously in the 20 batches of samples. The results clearly showed that alkaloid concentrations differed significantly among Z. nitidum collected from various collection areas.

Discussion and conclusion: We have established an optimum extraction and detection conditions in the process of quantification the three alkaloids in Z. nitidum roots. From this research, the most influenced factor on Z. nitidum roots was the collecting location, and the next factor was the harvesting time. The collecting location and the harvesting time should be considered as the high-quality medicinal herbs factors.     

正交试验法优选假蒟中总生物碱的提取工艺

目的优选并确立假蒟中生物碱的最佳提取工艺。方法采用酸性染色比色法测定总生物碱的含量。以总生物碱及浸膏量为指标,采用正交试验法对提取过程中的乙醇用量、乙醇浓度、提取时间及提取次数4个因素进行考察。结果假蒟的最佳提取工艺为10倍量的80%乙醇,回流提取3次,每次1 h。结论优选的提取工艺合理、可行,生物碱提取率较高,为假蒟的进一步开发提供理论和实验依据。     

胆木总生物碱提取工艺研究

目的探讨胆木总生物碱的提取分离方法。方法采用单因素考察法,对提取溶剂、提取时间、提取方法、提取溶液浓度及物料比进行考察。结果最终确定提取工艺为:70%乙醇回流40min,料液比为100∶1,提取率4.17%。结论该方法分离总生物碱是一种经济简便、效率较高的方法。     

星点设计-响应面法优化川芎生物碱提取工艺

目的优选川芎总生物碱的提取工艺。方法对川芎采用乙醇回流提取的方法,进行星点设计,以乙醇浓度、醇倍数、提取时间为自变量,以川芎中总生物碱含量为因变量,通过对自变量各水平的多元线性回归及二项式拟合,用响应面法优选出最佳提取工艺,同时进行预测分析。结果确定了最佳提取工艺为用8倍90%的乙醇提取2次,每次2 h,提取的川芎总生物碱含量为0.693 mg.g^-1,二项式拟合复相关系数R^2=0.957 3。结论星点设计-响应面法优选川芎中总生物碱的提取工艺,方法简单,精密度高,可预测性好。     

亚临界水提取法提取黄连中的4种生物碱

目的 建立黄连中小檗碱、巴马汀、黄连碱和药根碱4种生物碱的亚临界水提取方法.方法 分别考察了提取温度、时间和溶剂样品比以及提取次数对提取量的影响,并与有机溶剂提取法进行比较.结果 4种生物碱的亚临界水提取法的最佳条件为:溶剂样品比0.08 ml·mg-1、提取温度140℃、5 MPa提取两次,每次5 min,提取回收率大于97.7%(n=3).结论 亚临界水提取法较传统溶剂提取法,提取时间缩短,避免了使用有机溶剂造成的污染,可用于黄连生物碱的工业化提取.     

响应面法优化白囊耙齿菌中腺苷的提取工艺

目的采用响应面分析法优化白囊耙齿菌中腺苷的提取工艺。方法在单因素实验的基础上,以提取温度、提取时间、水料比为随机因子,腺苷得率为响应值,进行三因素三水平的Box-Behnken中心组合设计,采用响应面法分析三个因素对响应值的影响,并确定最佳提取工艺条件。结果白囊耙齿菌中腺苷的最佳提取工艺条件为:提取温度39.4℃,提取时间3.4 h,料水比50.4∶1,在此条件下腺苷得率的验证值为1.09%,与预测值1.11%之间的相对误差为1.80%。结论响应面法可较好地预测白囊耙齿菌中腺苷的提取工艺。     

Studies of the intensification of the extraction of biologically active substances from chaga using direct current electric fields

The effects of direct current electric fields on the intensity of extraction of biologically active substances from chaga were studied. Extraction of chaga in an electric field with a constant current density was found to intensify the extraction process. The time taken for processing decreased by an order of magnitude and the yields of extracted substances increased by 5 – 15%. These data provide the basis for developing industrial methods of processing chaga to make therapeutic medicines and biologically active supplements utilizing deeper processing of the raw material, with reductions in energy costs resulting from the shortened processing time.     

Accumulation of quinolizidine alkaloids in plants and cell suspension cultures: genera lupinus, cytisus, baptisia, genista, laburnum, and sophora

The patterns of quinolizidine alkaloids in cell cultures of 10 species of Fabaceae were analyzed by high-resolution GLC and GLC-MS and compared with the alkaloids present in the leaves of the respective plants. Lupanine was produced in all 10 cell suspension cultures as the main alkaloid. It was accompanied by sparteine, tetrahydrorhombifoline, 17-oxosparteine, 13-hydroxylupanine, 4-hydroxylupanine, 17-oxolupanine, and 13-hydroxylupanine esters as minor alkaloids in some species. The alkaloid patterns of the plants differed markedly in that alpha-pyridone alkaloids were the major alkaloids in the genera Cytisus, Genista, Laburnum and Sophora but were not accumulated in the cell cultures. These data further support the assumption that the pathway leading to lupanine is the basic pathway of quinolizidine alkaloids biosynthesis and that the other alkaloids are derived from lupanine.     

酶法提取苦豆草生物碱研究

目的在实验室酶法提取的基础上,优化苦豆草生物碱酶法提取小试工艺条件。方法以苦豆草生物碱的提取率为指标,在小试条件下优化提取次数、料液比、提取时间,并与传统提取法比较。结果酶法提取最佳的小试工艺条件为:酶解时间4h,溶剂pH=6,温度为50℃,加酶量为1∶1 000,酶解后,加入盐酸至浓度为4mL·L-1,料液比1∶16,提取2次,第1次2h,第2次1h。苦豆草生物碱的提取率达到2.17%结论实验室提取工艺与小试生产存在差异,经条件优化基本达到实验室提取生物碱的提取率。     

超临界流体萃取技术在中药生物碱提取中的应用

目的对超临界二氧化碳流体萃取中药中生物碱的应用进行综述。方法通过与传统的生物碱提取方法相比较 ,总结了超临界二氧化碳流体萃取生物碱的工艺特点及应用。结果与结论超临界流体萃取技术可以有效地提取中药中的生物碱 ,并具有产率高、方便快捷、后处理简单、无污染等优点     

草乌中酯型生物碱的提取动力学

目的研究草乌中酯型生物碱提取过程的动力学机理。方法采用改良异羟肟酸铁-高氯酸铁比色法,测定不同提取温度条件下草乌提取液中酯型生物碱的含量。以Fick扩散定律为基础,建立其提取过程的动力学方程,并由此推算出提取的速率常数、活化能、半衰期等动力学函数值。结果所得的动力学模型能较好地描述草乌中酯型生物碱提取的动态过程,其表观活化能为12.33 kJ/mol。结论草乌中酯型生物碱提取过程的动力学符合一级动力学方程特征。