孕妇产前血液传染标志物检测意义

目的 探讨孕妇产前血液传染标志物检测的临床意义.方法 对2007年1-10月2010例孕妇进行产前HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV1/2、梅毒4项血液传染标志物检测分析.结果 HBsAg阳性185例,阳性宰9.2%;抗-HCV阳性4例,阳性率0.2%;抗-HIV1/2未检出;梅毒阳性10例,阳性率0.5%;总阳性率9.9%.结论 孕妇产前血液肝炎病毒及梅毒的感染率不低,并有可能垂直传播感染的危险;加强围产期孕妇血液传染标志物检测,采取预防保健措施可以达到优生优育的目的 .     

孕妇4199例4种传染病感染指标检测结果分析

<正>乙肝病毒(HBV)、丙肝病毒(HCV)、艾滋病病毒(HIV)、梅毒感染的孕妇可在妊娠及围产期通过垂直传播导致其胎儿或新生儿感染。了解孕妇产前这4种传染病的感染状况,可为控制母婴传播提供科学依据,达到优生优育的目的。现将本院对4 199例孕妇进行的乙肝血清标志物     

受血者输血前相关检测在医院感染控制中意义的探讨

目的　探讨对受血者输血前相关检测在医院感染控制中的临床意义。方法　对 11677例患者输血前血液进行乙肝表面抗原 (HBs Ag)、艾滋病病毒 (HIV)抗体、丙肝病毒 (HCV)抗体及梅毒血浆反应素快速试验 (RPR)检测分析。结果　HBs Ag阳性率 6.62 %、HIV阳性率 0 .0 2 5 %、HCV阳性率 2 .3 7%、RPR阳性率 0 .12 % ,不同病种群体检出率统计学差异极具显著性 (P<0 .0 0 5 )。结论　输血前受血者病毒标志物检测可为血源性医院感染诊断提供依据 ,减少医疗纠纷 ,对患者、医院及血液中心均有保护意义。     

福建省某市男男性接触人群相关血清学监测及分析

[目的]对福建省某市男男性接触者(MSM)进行相关血清学监测,了解该人群中艾滋病病毒(HIV)和梅毒等性传播疾病(STDs)的感染状况,为制定干预措施提供依据。[方法]采用方便抽样法对MSM人群进行匿名问卷调查,并抽取静脉血进行HIV抗体、梅毒抗体、乙肝病毒HBsAg及丙肝病毒抗HCV-IgG的检测。[结果]共采血检测MSM159例,结果梅毒抗体TRUST阳性率为12.6%(20/159),TPPA阳性率为25.8%(41/159);HIV抗体阳性率为1.9%(3/159),其中1例同时检出梅毒和HIV抗体阳性,HIV和梅毒累积感染率为27.0%;HBsAg阳性率为12.6%(20/159);未检出抗HCV-IgG。年龄大于25岁是HIV和梅毒累积感染的危险因素。[结论]HIV/STDs在MSM人群中存在局部流行的可能性,应及时采取干预措施,控制其流行及向一般人群的传播。     

孕妇产前感染8项筛查的分析与研究

目的 对孕妇进行产前的乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、梅毒、艾滋病病毒等的检测,了解孕妇生产前的传染病的感染状况.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法对2 160例孕妇进行了乙型肝炎病毒5项(HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb、HbcAb)、丙型肝炎病毒抗体(HCV)、人免疫缺陷病毒抗体(HIV)以及苍白密螺旋体(TP)等8项相关特异性抗原或抗体检测,并进行分析.结果 2 160例孕妇中HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb、HbcAb、HCV、HIV、TP的阳性率分别为5.00％、38.33％、1.11％、11.71％、8.38％、0.56％、0％、2.22％.结论 在孕期产前进行感染性指标检测,及早制定阻断措施,对减少母婴垂直传播,降低新生儿感染疾病的发生,提高优生优育率有非常重要的意义.     

妊娠早期孕妇血液传播性疾病分析

目的:观察妊娠3个月内孕妇乙型肝炎两对半、丙型肝炎、梅毒及HIV的感染状况,寻找预防措施。方法:采用酶联免疫法(EIA)检测乙型肝炎两对半、丙肝抗体(抗-HCV)、艾滋抗体(抗-HIV)、梅毒(抗-TP)。结果:2886例妊娠早期妇女检测的8个指标总阳性率为36.24%,乙肝感染率为36.12%,丙肝感染率为0.06%;乙肝和丙肝混合感染率0.06%;未检出抗-HIV及抗-TP。结论:兰州地区早孕孕妇血液传播性疾病以乙肝为主,乙肝和丙肝混合感染次之;继续加强乙肝疫苗预防注射是预防乙肝的主要措施。     

湖南省岳阳市24546例孕妇艾滋病、梅毒、乙型肝炎感染状况分析

【目的】了解湖南省岳阳市孕妇艾滋病、梅毒、乙型肝炎（简称“艾梅乙”）的检测和感染状况,为3种疾病的母婴传播提供规范的治疗和干预措施,降低母婴传播的风险,以提高出生人口素质。【方法】对2018年1月—2021年12月岳阳市妇幼保健院同意接受免费艾梅乙检测的24 546例孕妇的检测结果进行回顾性分析。【结果】孕妇的人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体（抗HIV）阳性率为0.045%;梅毒螺旋体抗体（抗TP）阳性率为0.640%;乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性率为4.640%。抗HIV、抗TP和HBsAg阳性率2018—2020年逐年增加,2021年开始下降,但是差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。HBsAg阳性率随着孕妇年龄的增高逐渐增加（P<0.01）。在1 309例阳性病例中有16例混合感染,其中15人为乙型肝炎和梅毒混合感染。【结论】岳阳市孕妇艾梅乙感染仍然较多,做好孕前艾梅乙的筛查工作有助于及时阻断和降低母婴传播风险,对优生优育具有重要的意义。     

南宁市在校大学生无偿献血传染病标志物检测结果

了解南宁市无偿献血大学生感染指标检测情况,为完善安全血液招募策略提供依据.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验对2012-2016年6月南宁市参加无偿献血的103 015名在校大学生乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、丙肝抗体(HCV抗体)、梅毒抗体(TP抗体)和人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体(HIV抗体)进行检测.结果 103 015名在校无偿献血大学生中,HBsAg,HCV抗体,TP抗体和HIV抗体阳性率分别为0.42%,0.23%,0.14%和0.13%,不同年份间HBsAg阳性率差异有统计学意义(x2=15.697,P=0.003),其余3种传染病标志物差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).在校大学生检测总阳性率、HBsAg和TP抗体阳性率均低于其他献血人群,但HCV抗体阳性率高于其他人群(x2值分别为1 031.659,29.778,419.980,14.667,P值均<0.05);HIV抗体阳性率在两类人群间差异无统计学意义(x2=0.929,P=0.335).结论 南宁市在校大学生血液安全性的优势不明显.应加强在校大学生预防经血液传播疾病的宣传教育,以促进无偿献血事业的持续健康发展.     

孕妇产前血液4项传染性指标检查结果分析

目的了解呼和浩特地区孕妇产前感染传染性疾病的情况。方法用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和快速血浆反应素（RPR）环状卡片试验，对城市1388例及农牧区1074例孕妇的血液进行乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）抗体、抗人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体（HIV）和梅毒的检查结果进行了统计与比较。结果HBsAg阳性率：城市为6．84％，农牧区为6．14％；HCV抗体阳性率：城市为0．22％，农牧区为0．28％；抗人类HIV抗体在城市与农牧区所检的孕妇中均未发现阳性；梅毒检查阳性率：城市为0．29％，农牧区为0．28％，2组结果差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论孕妇通过产前检查，能有效地预防或控制母婴垂直传播性疾病的发生。     

13377例手术输血前感染标志物的结果分析

目的:了解患者手术、输血前的血液感染标志物的情况。方法:对13377例手术、输血前患者的8项血液标志物参数:乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙型肝炎病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)、乙型肝炎病毒e抗原(HBeAg)、乙型肝炎病毒e抗体(抗-HBe)、乙型肝炎病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc)、丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)、艾滋病病毒抗体(抗-HIV)和梅毒螺旋抗体(抗-TP)进行检测,并进行统计分析。结果:HBsAg阳性率7.4%,抗-HCV阳性率0.3%,抗-HIV阳性率0.04%,抗-TP阳性率1.8%。乙肝二对半检测的模式有12种。结论:在手术、输血前进行感染标志物的检测有利于减少医疗纠纷,并加强医务人员防护意识。     

内窥镜检查、手术、输血前5969例患者HBV、HCV、HIV、梅毒螺旋体抗体检测结果

目的了解内蒙古医学院附属人民医院2006—2008年度内窥镜检查、手术、输血前患者HBV、HCV、HIV、梅毒螺旋体4种病原体的感染情况,为更好地预防和控制感染提供依据。方法对5969例患者血清采用ELISA检测乙型肝炎病毒血清标志物（HBVM）、丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗-HCV）、艾滋病病毒抗体（抗-HIV）,采用甲苯胺红不加热血清试验TRUST及ELISA检测梅毒螺旋体抗体（抗-TP）。结果 5969例患者中,乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性患者144例,抗-HCV阳性患者65例,抗-HIV阳性患者末检出,抗-TP阳性患者9例。其阳性检出率分别为2.41%、1.09%、0、0.15%,其中孕妇HBsAg阳性7例,抗-HCV阳性2例。HCV感染率逐年上升,2008年与2006年相比较,存在显著性差异。254例内窥镜检查前患者传染性标志物的阳性检出率均较5715例手术、输血前患者的检出率高。HBVM模式中,HBsAg阳性组共检出6组,其中以HBsAg＋、HBeAg＋、抗-HBc＋及HBsAg＋、抗-HBe＋、抗-HBc＋两种模式为主,分别占13.19%、67.36%。结论为了使医院感染控制工作更加完善,在做好患者手术、输血前传染性标志物检测的同时,也应严格做好患者内窥镜检查前传染性标志物的检测,并且HBV感染的检测应由单一的HBsAg检测增为HBVM的检测,为临床预防和控制感染提供更全面、更可靠的依据。     

珠海市妊娠期妇女合并梅毒、艾滋病、乙肝、丙肝感染情况的趋势分析

目的探讨珠海地区孕妇的梅毒、艾滋病、乙肝、丙肝四种传染性疾病的感染情况。方法用统计学方法分析珠海市在笔者所在医院做产前检查和分娩的10242例孕妇梅毒、艾滋病、乙肝、丙肝的血清标志物检测结果。结果珠海市孕妇的乙肝、丙肝感染率逐年下降;梅毒感染率逐年上升;2008年的一个住院产妇检测出抗-HIV阳性。结论珠海市孕妇的乙肝感染率逐年下降,但相互间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;丙肝感染率逐年下降,年度相比有显著差异（P〈0．05）;梅毒感染率逐年上升,由2006年的0．32％上升到2008年的0．61％,年度比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）;2008年的一个住院产妇检测出抗-HIV阳性。     

高原地区孕妇血液5种传染病现状调查

目的:了解高原地区孕妇血液5种传染病的感染状态,以便对检测结果呈阳性的孕妇应用药物治疗并采取必要的优生指导,降低胎儿宫内感染的发生率。方法:应用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测孕妇血清乙肝五项,其中含乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、丙肝抗体(HCVAb)、梅毒螺旋体特异性抗体(TPAb)、艾滋病抗体(HIVAb1+2型)和免疫印迹法检测TORCH巨细胞病毒抗体CMVAb、风疹病毒抗体RVAb、弓形虫抗体TOXAb、单纯疱疹I、II型抗体(HSVAb-I、HSVAb-II)、IgM型抗体。结果:在2 986例中阳性率分别是HBSAg4.39%、HCVAb0.1%、TpAb(或TRUST)0.4%、HIVAb(H1+2)型0.07%、CMV-Ab2.21%、RVAb0.98%、TOXAb3.02%、HSVAb1.69%。结论:应加强育龄妇女孕前、孕早期自我保健水平及健康教育,提高她们的卫生知识和对传染病的防治意识,在孕前、孕早期应对传染病进行常规性筛查,一经发现异常,应及时避孕或根据临床症状适时终止妊娠,切断母婴垂直传播,预防宫内感染的发生,对优生优育及提高人口素质都有积极的重大意义。     

受血者输血前4项传染病检测的必要性

目的：探讨受血者输血前4项输血相关性传染病标志物检测的意义。方法：收集我院需要输血的患者静脉血标本2453例,用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法进行输血前乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）、丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗-HCV）、艾滋病免疫缺陷病毒抗体（抗-HIV）、梅毒螺旋体抗体（TP-Ab）4项输血相关性传染病的检测。结果：2453例患者4项标志物中HBsAg阳性率7.8%、抗-HCV阳性率为1.4%、抗-HIV阳性率0.04%、TP-Ab阳性率1.5%,总阳性率为10.74%。结论：对受血者进行输血前4项输血相关性传染病标志物检测对于传染病感染的辅助诊断、区分责任及减少医疗纠纷的发生,有着重要意义。     

Vertical transmission of hepatitis C Virus: An epidemiological study on 2,980 pregnant women in Italy

The risk of mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) varies according to the population studied and the tests used. Aim of the current study was to investigate HCV vertical transmission rate in children born to 30 HCV positive/HIV negative pregnant women in Italy. We investigated the potential vertical transmission of HCV by identifying HCV antibody seropositive pregnant women, by analyzing HCV-RNA in the peripheral blood using PCR and by prospectively following their offspring until 24 months of age. During the third trimester, 2,980 consecutive pregnant women were examined for anti-HCV antibodies by a second generation Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (EIA2) and re-assayed by a second generation Recombinant Immunoblot Assay (RIBA2). A total of 32 mothers (1.07%) were positive for EIA2 test; 30 out of 32 had a reactive confirmatory RIBA2 test for HCV All anti-HCV positive mothers were negative for HIV. These 30 mothers and their 30 babies formed the study cohort. Of the 30 anti-HCV positive mothers, 10 were also positive for serum HCV-RNA by PCR. All the babies born to the 30 anti-HCV positive mothers were initially negative for HCV-RNA (cord blood specimens), but three babies became positive at three months of age and remained positive thereafter. These babies had been born to 3 of the 10 mothers with viremia during the third trimester of pregnancy. These results suggest that HCV vertical transmission is possible in 10% of anti-HCV positives and in about 33% of the HCV-RNA seropositive mothers.     

Occupational risk of blood-borne viruses in healthcare workers: a 5-year surveillance program.

OBJECTIVE: This study presents the results of a 5-year surveillance program involving the prospective follow-up of healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Veneto region of Italy exposed to blood-borne viruses. DESIGN: All HCWs who reported an occupational exposure to blood-borne infection joined the surveillance program. Both HCWs and patients were tested for viral markers (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg], antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen [anti-HBs], antibody to hepatitis B core antigen [anti-HBc], antibody to hepatitis C virus [anti-HCV], HCV RNA, and antibody to human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]) and had these markers plus transaminases assayed at 3, 6, and 12 months and then yearly thereafter. Moreover, a program of hepatitis B virus (HBV) prophylaxis was offered to those whose anti-HBs levels were less than 10 IU/mL. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred forty-five HCWs (156 women and 89 men) with a mean age of 37 (+/- 10) years who reported occupational exposure during the 5-year period. RESULTS: At the time of exposure, 1 HCW was positive for HBsAg (0.4%) and 2 were positive for HCV RNA (0.8%). Among the patients involved, 28 (11.4%) were positive for HBsAg, 68 (27.8%) were positive for HCV RNA, 6 (2.4%) were positive for HIV, and 147 (60.0%) were negative for all viral markers (4 patients were positive for both HCV and HIV). During the follow-up period after exposure (mean, 2.7 [+/- 1.6] years), there was no increase in transaminases or seroconversions to any of the viral markers. CONCLUSION: Our accurate postexposure follow-up revealed a lack of transmission of HBV, HCV, and HIV.     

Multiple infections and associated risk factors among non-injecting cocaine users in Argentina

The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV, core antibody), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis infections and analyze associated risk factors among 504 non-injecting cocaine users (NICU) in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Participants were interviewed in face-to-face sessions through a short structured questionnaire. Using venipuncture, 10 mL of blood was collected. Seroprevalence rates were: HIV (6.3%), HBV (9%), HCV (7.5%), and VDRL (4.2%). The risk of being infected with HIV, HBV, and HCV was significantly associated with having had a sex partner who was either a drug injector or who was known to be HIV positive. HIV and HCV infections were associated with former imprisonment, and HCV was associated with having been tattooed. Because of the rising number of NICU and the multiple infections detected, it is essential to implement prevention strategies focused on this population.     

Hepatitis B and C virus infections among patients with gingivitis and adult periodontitis: seroprevalence and public health importance

The aim of the present case control study was to identify seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infections among one hundred cases with periodontal disease (71% gingivitis and 29% adult periodontitis) and one hundred controls with healthy gingiva matdhed for age and sex. Moreover, it aimed to detect hepatitis markers in saliva samples corresponding to the positive sera. Different risk factors associated with hepatitis infection and detectability rate of hepatitis markers were also studied. METHODOLOGY: enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used to detect the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti HBc), e antigen (eAg) and antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti HCV) both in serum and saliva samples. HCV RNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Oral examination was performed for assessment of simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI), probing pocket depth and loss of fibre attachment. RESULTS: cases with periodontal disease showed higher percentages of hepatitis exposure (hepex; anti HCV and/or anti HBc) and significantly higher anti HCV seropositivity than the controls (26% and 13% versus 22% and 8%, respectively). No difference in HBsAg carrier rate nor in anti HBc seropositivity was elicited. Furthermore, cases with periodontal disease showed higher detectability rate of HBsAg, anti HBc, anti HCV or both anti HCV and/or anti HBc in whole unstimulated saliva than the controls (100% vs 66.7%, 50% vs 23.5%, 23.1% vs 0.0% and 42.3% vs 18.2%, respectively). Stepwise logistic regression delineated two significant factors associated with the risk of hepatitis exposure, the first predictor was the rural residence and the second one was the history of blood transfusion (OR=3.10, 2.94, respectively). Periodontal disease, severity of bleeding and bad oral hygiene were associated with the risk of hepatitis infection and with the detectability of hepatitis markers in the whole saliva.     

2010-2013年上海市浦东新区孕产妇艾滋病哨点监测分析

目的了解浦东新区孕产妇人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、梅毒、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的感染状况及艾滋病（AIDS）防治相关知识水平,为预防控制工作提供依据。方法根据《全国艾滋病哨点监测实施方案操作手册》的要求,2010--2013年对3207名孕产妇进行问卷调查和血清学检测。结果监测对象以外省市户籍为主,对AIDS防治知识知晓率为69．63％,未发现HIV抗体阳性者,梅毒阳性率0．37％,HCV阳性率0．12％。结论浦东新区孕产妇对AIDS防治知识的知晓率较低,应加强孕期健康教育及行为干预,阻断母婴传播的发生。