血脂异常对急性心肌梗死静脉溶栓疗效的影响

【目的】观察血脂水平对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者静脉溶栓治疗效果的影响。【方法】60例AMI患者,静脉溶栓后分为冠脉再通组（n=31）和未通组（n=29）,测定其发病后24h内的总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）。【结果】冠脉再通组和未通组比较TC、LDL-C、HDL-C比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）,未通组TG明显高于再通组（P〈0．05）。【结论】TG水平升高可能影响AMI患者静脉溶栓效果,而TC、LDL-C、HDL-C则时其并无明显影响,其机制有待进一步探讨。     

急性心肌梗死患者的血脂变化

目的：探讨急性心肌梗死患者（AMI）的血脂变化。方法：对197例AMI患者进行血脂检测，包括总胆固醇（TC），甘油三酯（TG），高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C），低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）以及HDL-C/TC（H/T）。结果：与对照组相比，AMI组TC，TG水平高于对照组，但无统计学差异。LDL-C升高，HDL-C降低，H/T降低，具有统计学差异。AMI死亡组与存活组相比，TC，TG，LDL-C水平差异无显著性，HDL-C水平及H/T则死亡组显著低于存活组。统计学差异显著。结论：HDL-C下降，H/T下降是AMI发病及死亡的有意义的独立危险因素。调整血脂代谢治疗尤其应注重提高HDL-C水平。     

急性心肌梗死静脉溶栓疗效的影响因素

目的　探讨影响急性心肌梗死静脉溶栓的因素。方法　46例急性心肌梗死患者,静脉溶栓后分为冠 脉再通组(n=25)和未通组(n=21),所有患者均测定血尿酸(UA),血尿素氮(BUN),肌酐(Cr),总胆固醇(TC), 甘油三脂(TG),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL—C)。结果　比较两组的上述各生 化指标,UA、BUN、Cr、TC、LDL-C均有显著性差异(P<0.05),而TG、HDL-C无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结 论　血尿酸及BUN、Cr、TC、LDL-C可能都是影响急性心肌梗死静脉溶栓疗效的因素;而TG、HDL-C则对其并 无影响。     

血清白细胞介素-6和高敏C反应蛋白与急性心梗溶栓后再通的预测

【目的】探讨静脉溶栓对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）的影响。【方法】选择AMI患者45例,采用静脉溶栓治疗,根据血管再通情况分为再通组20例和未通组25例,检测并比较两组溶栓前、溶栓后1h及2h血清IL-6和Hs—CRP水平。【结果】血清溶栓后HS—cRP和IL-6显著高于溶栓前（P〈0．05）;再通组溶栓后1h血清HS—CRP和IL-6水平显著高于高于未通组（P〈0．05）;再通组溶栓后2h血清HS—CRP和IL-6水平与未通组比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。【结论】Hs—CRP和IL-6可能是急性心梗静脉溶栓再通的早期预测指标。     

急性冠状动脉综合征8-异前列腺素F2α与血脂、体重指数及腰臀比的相关性研究

目的 研究急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）患者中8-异前列腺素F2α（8-iso-PGF2α）与血脂、体重指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）的变化及其相关性。方法 选取ACS患者60例，分为不稳定型心绞痛（UA）组、急性心肌梗死（AMI）组，另设正常对照组。测定血浆8-iso-PGF2α、血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）的水平及BMI、WHR。结果 血浆8-iso-PGF2α。水平与BMI、WHR呈显著正相关，与LDL-C呈弱的正相关；与HDL-C呈显著负相关；与TC、TG无明显相关性。结论 在ACS患者中存在强烈的氧化应激损伤，BMI、WHR、LDL-C的升高及HDL-C的降低可能加重了这种损伤。     

急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗血浆GMP-140的动态变化及临床意义

目的：探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者尿激酶溶栓治疗前后血小板活性的动态变化及其与血管早期再通的关系。方法：接受尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗的38例AMI患者在溶栓前及溶栓后2h、6h、12h、24h分别取血测定血浆中α-颗粒膜蛋白（GMP-140），依溶栓前临床间接指标及溶栓后90min冠状动脉造影结果，将患者分为再通组（27例）和未通组（11例），比较两组患者血中GMP-140的动态变化，并设正常对照组。结果：AMI患者溶栓前血浆GMP-140浓度明显高于正常对照组。溶栓后再通组与未通纷呈不同浓度的动态变化，溶栓未通组，GMP-140升高；溶栓再通组，则GMP-140降低，两组溶栓后6h、12h、24h血浆GMP－140浓度差异显著（P＜0．001）。结论：AMI后血小板高度活化，血浆GMP-140与AMI的血栓形成、溶解及再通密切相关，其在溶栓后的迅速下降可望作为临床判断血管再通的新指标。     

不同年龄段急性心肌梗死患者血脂水平变化的对比研究

【目的】探讨不同年龄急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者血清中血脂水平。【方法】选择AMI患者102例,按照年龄分为青年组、中年组和老年组,所有患者均在清晨空腹取肘静脉血5mL,采用全自动生化分析仪检测血清中总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三脂（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平并比较。【结果】三组患者血清中TC和TG水平比较有统计学差异（P〈0．05）,而HDL-C和LDL-C水平无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;中年组和老年组血清中Tc和TG水平明显低于青年组（P〈0．05）,老年组患者血清中TC和TG水平显著低于中年组（P〈0．05）;血清中TC和TG与发病年龄呈负相关（P〈0．05）。青年组、中年组和老年组患者TG异常检出率分别为38．46％、20．OO％和12．20％,HDL-C异常检出率分别为11．54％、11．43％和31．71％,三组间TG和HDL-C异常检出率比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。【结论】不同年龄组AMI患者血脂水平间存在一定的差异,根据不同情况调脂治疗对预防AMI有重要意义。     

肝病患者血脂水平的变化

目的探讨肝病患者血清总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）的变化情况及其临床意义。方法测定235例肝病患者（其中急性肝炎55例、慢性肝炎59例、肝硬化50例、重型肝炎71例）血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C水平，并与75名健康人进行比较，同时测定血清总胆红素（TBil）、白蛋白（Alb）、血浆凝血酶原活动度（PTA）。对重型肝炎患者血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C浓度与其TBil、Alb、PTA进行相关性分析。结果各型肝病患者血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C水平和对照组比较均有所降低，其中肝硬化和重型肝炎患者以上指标与对照组比较明显下降（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。重型肝炎组血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C与TBil呈负相关[P〈0．01]，与Alb呈正相关（P〈0．01），与PTA呈正相关（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；血清TC与LDL-C呈正相关（P〈0．05）。重型肝炎组中39例死亡患者与32例存活患者的血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL—C水平差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论对肝病患者进行定期的血脂水平测定能及时反映体内的脂类代谢状况，对了解肝病患者的肝脏损伤程度、病程进展情况以及重型肝炎的预后判断都有重要价值。     

超敏C反应蛋白及血脂指标在冠心病患者中的变化

目的探讨超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)在冠心病患者中的变化。方法采用全自动生化分析仪对79例急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者、69例不稳定型心绞痛(UA)患者、52例稳定型心绞痛(SA)患者及60例健康者(对照组)血清中的hs-CRP、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C进行检测和分析。结果 AMI组、UA组、SA组血清hs-CRP、TG水平明显增高,HDL-C明显降低,与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。AMI组hs-CRP、TG水平明显高于UA组,UA组hs-CRP、TG水平明显高于SA组,HDL-C水平明显低于SA组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。冠心病患者血清hs-CRP与HDL-C水平呈负相关(r=-0.317,P0.01),与TG水平呈正相关(r=0.245,P0.05)。TG与TC呈显著正相关(r=0.623,P0.01),与HDL-C呈负相关(r=-0.476,P0.01),与LDL-C呈正相关(r=0.325,P0.05);TC与LDL-C呈正相关(r=0.794,P0.01);HDL-C与LDL-C呈负相关(r=-0.136,P0.05)。结论 hs-CRP和血脂指标在冠心病患者中均有不同程度的改变,临床可将hs-CRP、TG、HDL-C之间的关系与水平变化作为持续观测指标,以便更好地掌握疾病的发展和变化,对于临床上正确预防与治疗冠心病有重要作用。     

冠心病患者血清hs-CRP﹑cTnI和血脂水平变化及临床意义

目的 探讨冠心病患者血清超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、肌钙蛋白I（cTnI） 和血脂变化及其临床意义,为冠心病的诊断提供依据.方法 采用免疫学方法检测145例冠心病患者（不稳定型心绞痛患者52例,稳定型心绞痛患者48例,急性心梗患者45例）和120例健康受试者的hs-CRP、cTnI、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）值,并对其检测结果进行比较分析.结果 UAP组、SAP组、AMI组和对照组hs-CRP、cTnI、TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C值比较均有显著性差异（P＜0.05）;hs-CRP与cTnI、TC、TG和LDL-C呈正相关（r=0.87,r=0.76,r=0.51,r=0.34）,与HDL-C呈负相关（r=-0.67）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.001）;cTnI与TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C无相关（｜r｜〈0.273,P〉0.05）.结论 检测血清中hs-CRP、cTnI和血脂水平对冠心病的预测和诊断具有临床指导作用.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.