毒性中药的炮制方法及原理浅析

毒性中药的炮制是中药炮制的重要内容.通过炮制降低药材中有毒成份的含量,破坏或改变有毒成份的化学结构,从而降低毒性.本文就其炮制方法及原理浅析如下:     

浅析炮制对中药毒性的影响

文章在分析了炮制与中药毒性之间关系的基础上,探讨了去毒减毒中药炮制方法的选择与应用。     

毒性中药炮制的研究进展

中药毒性的研究倍受世人瞩目,针对目前毒性中药炮制客观存在的实际问题,如何深入系统地研究毒性中药的炮制机理,建立毒性中药质量标准和炮制工艺的统一评判标准,构建"有毒中药多维管理系统",实现中药毒性的可预见性和可控性是亟待解决的重大课题.     

毒性中药炮制与疗效的关系

认识各种药物的毒性大小或有无毒性,可以帮助我们理解其作用峻利或和缓,并通过必要的炮制来减轻或消毒毒性,增强疗效,以保证用药安全.     

毒性中药的炮制

中药的炮制对于改变中药的药性、毒副作用等有很大作用,本文主要对毒性中药的炮制方法及解毒制毒机理进行了简单的阐明.     

浅谈毒性中药的炮制方法

毒性中药炮制中的筛选、水漂洗、加热、除油、加辅料炮制等去毒方法行之有效。     

毒性中药的五种炮制方法

该实验的目的是对研究毒性中药的五种炮制方法的说明,通过实验进一步认识毒性中药炮制的重要性,充分合理利用有毒中药,为人类健康和解除疾病提供科学依据。经实验与临床验证收到较好效果。     

毒性中药的炮制及临床合理应用

探讨中药炮制与毒性关系,分析了解中药炮制减毒方法,为中药炮制减毒及临床应用提供依据,提升对中药炮制理解及安全用药指导,对中药临床应用安全性提供建议。     

中药炮制对中药药效的影响

阐述中药炮制与药物化学成分的关系.通过炮制来增加药物的溶解度、改变药性等,对于提高药材质量、保证用药安全和增强疗效,都具有重大的现实意义.     

Studies on the pharmacological bases of fetal toxicity of drugs (VII). Enhancement effect of bacterial pyrogen on the fetal toxicity of salicylic acid

We reported previously that the acute and fetal toxicities of aspirin (ASA) were enhanced by bacterial endotoxin (LPS). In order to clarify the mechanism of the enhancement by LPS, the effects of LPS on the toxicities of salicylic acid (SA), the main metabolite of ASA, were investigated in rats. The following results were obtained: 1) The acute toxicity of SA was significantly potentiated by LPS in male rats. The LD50 of SA with LPS was about one third of that of SA alone. 2) The increase of maternal body weight was inhibited significantly after administration of SA (383 mg/kg, p.o.) with LPS (20 micrograms/kg, i.v.), but not after administration of SA alone. 3) The fetal toxicity of SA including fetal death, resorption, growth retardation and skeletal variations was slightly observed in the dam receiving a single dose of SA on the 15th day of pregnancy, but it was markedly increased by LPS (20 micrograms/kg, i.v.). 4) The half-life period of SA in plasma was increased significantly by the co-administration of LPS in male rats after administration of ASA or SA. All of these phenomena in the rats given SA closely resembled the phenomena previously reported in the rats given ASA. These results suggest that SA might play a main role in the acute and fetal toxicities of ASA, and one of the mechanism of the enhancement effect by LPS on ASA-induced fetal toxicity might be related to the increase of SA concentration in the fetus.     

Pulmonary toxicity of cardiac drugs

Pulmonary damage caused by the undesired effects of cardiac drugs is being increasingly recognized. With the symptoms of breathlessness, wheeze, cough and hemoptysis common to both cardiac and respiratory diseases, an adverse pulmonary reaction to a cardiac drug may be mistakenly attributed to deterioration of cardiac status. This is especially true if the onset of symptoms are subacute or chronic. The pulmonary side effects of cardiac drugs are varied and may actually mimic the disease being treated. It is essential that the clinician remain highly suspicious that new and unexplained pulmonary symptoms and signs may be drug-related. Most of the side effects are reversible with early drug cessation and subsequent challenge should be avoided if possible.     

Plasma level distribution, effect and toxicity of antiepileptic drugs among Ethiopian epileptics

Plasma phenytoin and phenobarbitone levels were estimated in 123 adult Ethiopian epileptics by gas-liquid chromatography. Thirty four (38.2%) of the patients on phenytoin, and 52 (52%) of those on phenobarbitone, had plasma levels in the conventional therapeutic ranges of 10-20 micrograms/ml and 10-30 micrograms/ml respectively. Of the 89 patients who were taking phenytoin either singly or combined with phenobarbitone, motor disturbances (ataxia and nystagmus) were seen in 31 (34.8%) and dysmorphic and idiosyncratic side effects including gum hypertrophy, hirsutism, acne and skin rash in 37 (41.6%). Subnormal serum calcium levels were noted in 15 (30.6%) and high alkaline phosphatase was found in 13 (26.5%). Phenobarbitone was found to be an effective anticonvulsant (78.1% seizure control rate), with adverse effects of sedation and intellectual depression. Seizure control was achieved in 77.1% of patients on a single drug as opposed to 55.6% on combination of phenytoin and phenobarbitone (p less than 0.05). The overall seizure control rate was 66%.     

Studies on molecular mechanism of toxicity of anticancer drugs

The clinical utility of anticancer drugs is seriously limited by the development of adverse effects and acquisition of resistance to these drugs by tumor cells. The mechanism underlying the toxicity of anticancer drugs is still not fully understood. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of anticancer drugs in greater detail, we performed a screen for determinants of sensitivity to adriamycin, an anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, using budding yeast as a model eukaryote. We found that overexpression of Akl1, a protein kinase of uncertain function, confers resistance to adriamycin. We investigated the function of Akl1 in adriamycin resistance and found that downregulation of the internalization step in endocytosis by Akl1 might be closely involved in the mechanism of adriamycin resistance. In human cells, overexpression of AAK1 and a human homologue of Akl1, also decreased adriamycin toxicity, suggesting that downregulation of endocytosis via phosphorylaiotn might be involved in the acquisition of adriamycin resistance not only in yeast cells but also in human cells. Further detailed investigation of the relationship between the endocytosis pathway and adriamycin toxicity might contribute further information for the improvement of chemotherapy with adriamycin.     

中草药液体型药贴的毒理学研究

目的 观察自行研制的中草药液体型药贴（CHDLP）对动物皮肤的毒性作用。方法 用该药贴在健康豚鼠身上进行急性皮肤刺激试验、多次皮肤刺激试验与皮肤变态反应试验。结果 急性皮肤刺激反应积分值及皮肤刺激强度积分值均为0；多次皮肤刺激试验刺激指数及病理组织检查积分均为0；变态反应积分值及致敏率亦均为0。结论CHDLP对豚鼠皮肤无刺激性，属弱致敏物。外用CHDLP较安全。     

醋制对京大戟刺激性毒性作用的影响

目的:比较京大戟醋制前后的刺激性毒性作用。方法:采用家兔眼结膜和豚鼠损伤皮肤刺激性试验动物模型对京大戟醋制前后不同极性部位和粉末的刺激性毒性作用进行了研究;并测定了小鼠给药后胃和小肠PGE₂含量;进一步比较了生、醋品大鼠各给药组血清生化指标和胃、小肠、肝、肾等器官病理切片。结果:家兔眼结膜和豚鼠破损皮肤刺激性毒性试验、PGE₂含量及血清生化指标测定结果表明生品各给药组刺激性毒性作用均分别高于醋制品组;病理切片实验同样表明生品对各器官的毒性作用高于醋制品组。结论:京大戟具有明显的刺激性毒性作用,醋制后刺激性毒性作用降低,通过醋制保证京大戟临床用药安全有效。