肿瘤与血管接触三级评价法在胰腺癌术前评价中的价值

目的 探讨多排螺旋CT(multidetector CT, MDCT)肿瘤与血管接触（tumor vessel contact, TVC）三级评价法在胰腺癌术前评价中的应用价值。方法 选取2017年1月至2019年3月在河南省南阳市中心医院行手术治疗的胰腺癌患者80例,术前给予MDCT检查,比较TVC三级评价法与手术探查结果的一致性。结果 80例患者,手术中共探查408支胰周血管,其中腹腔干81支,肝总动脉87支,肠系膜上动脉82支,肠系膜上静脉76支,门静脉81支;与TVC三级评价法分析一致性κ检验结果分别为0.770、0.731、0.697、0.509和0.688,P<0.05;TVC三级评价法显示侵犯的周围器官主要为十二指肠,诊断胰周血管侵犯可切除的灵敏性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为100.00%、62.50%、96.07%和100.00%。肿物侵犯周围器官主要为十二指肠;CT诊断肿物可切除的灵敏性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为78.00%、79.50%、80.00%和77.50%。结论 进行TVC三级评价法在可手术胰腺癌患者术前评价中有较好的应用价值,值...     

多层螺旋CT评价侵犯胰周血管的胰腺癌的可切除性

目的探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）评价侵犯胰周血管的胰腺癌的可切除性。方法收集经手术病理证实的胰腺导管细胞癌66例,根据MSCT所示的胰腺癌肿块与胰周血管之间的关系（累及血管周长、血管变形和狭窄的程度、累及血管纵轴的长度）预设五组指标判断胰周血管侵犯时胰腺癌的可切除性,计算各组指标的敏感性、特异性、准确性、假阴性、假阳性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值,并比较各组之间的差异。结果本组中行胰头十二指肠切除术（Whipple）30例;胰体尾切除17例,内引流17例,剖腹探查2例。手术探查无血管侵犯34例,血管侵犯32例。与手术病理结果对比,第一组各项指标均为优,第二组、第三组及第五组的假阴性或假阳性较高,第四组的敏感性及准确性大大低于第一组：结论综合血管受侵的周长、血管变形或狭窄程度及血管纵轴受累的长度,MSCT可用于术前评价胰腺癌的可切除性．     

经动脉插管双期螺旋CT扫描评价胰头癌的可切除性

目的：采用经动脉插管双期螺旋CT扫描的方法，对胰头癌的可切除性进行评价。方法；对18例胰头癌行经动脉插管后双期螺旋CT增强扫描，动脉期扫描时间为10s，门静脉期50s，扫描速度2.5ml/s，造影剂为欧乃派克300或优维显30030ml，用0．9％生理盐水稀释至100ml，通过留置导管注入造影剂于肠系膜上动脉。扫描结果和经静脉双期扫描进行对比。结果：18例胰头癌，可行根治切除3例，不可根治切除15例。对于3例可行根治切除的，两种方法均做出了正确判断，15例不可根治手术者经动脉插管双期螺旋CT扫描作出了正确判断，而经静脉双期扫描只正确判断了12例。估计手术无法切除率经动脉双期扫描为83％（15／180，经静脉双期扫描为67％（12／18）。在判断胰周血管是否受侵的准确性方面，经动脉插管法优于静脉法。结论：经动脉插管双期螺旋CT扫描能够较经静脉双期扫描更准确地评价胰头癌的情况，有利于肿瘤可切除性的评价。     

结肠癌肝转移的螺旋CT特征及临床价值

目的 评价螺旋CT对于结肠癌肝转移术前检出与可切除性评估价值。方法 螺旋CT扫描对100例肝转移病例进行术前分期，层厚5mm，重建间隔5mm；以2．0～3．0ml／s速率静脉注入100ml含碘造影剂后60～70s后开始扫描。螺旋CT征象与手术及病理所见按病灶逐一对照。结果 触诊与病理学检查揭示了184个肝转移灶，螺旋CT扫描正确预测了其中的156个，总体检出率84．8％，阳性预测值96．0％，假阳性率3．8％(7／184)。在72例患者的76例次手术中，71例次为可治愈切除，可切除率为93．4％(71／76)。病例五年生存率为54．2％。结论 螺旋CT扫描应被看作是结肠癌肝转移的标准或最佳术前检出方法.     

螺旋CT扫描结合CA19-9检测在胰腺癌术前分期中的探讨

目的探讨螺旋CT双期扫描结合CAl9-9对判断胰腺癌可切除性方面的价值。方法回顾性收集37例在我院行螺旋CT双期扫描并经手术病理证实的患者，全部患者均有术前血清CAl9-9检测结果。结果CT对胰腺癌不可切除的判断准确率高达100％，对可切除性判断准确率只有78．57％。胰腺癌病人中CAl9-9的阳性率为82．86％，CAl9-9与肿瘤大小有关；CAl9—9在可切除组与不可切除组间存在显著性差异。结论螺旋CT结合CAl9-9在判定胰腺癌不可切除性方面有一定价值，尚不能得出CAl9-9对协助CT判定胰腺癌可切除性方面有肯定意义的结论。     

Preoperative evaluation of Klatskin tumor: accuracy of spiral CT in determining vascular invasion as a sign of unresectability

Background: To assess the accuracy of spiral computed tomography (CT) in predicting the resectability of Klatskin tumor as determined by vascular invasion. Methods: Twenty-one consecutive patients with Klatskin tumor who had undergone laparotomy were included in this study. The preoperative thin-section (5-mm-thick) spiral CT scans of these patients were assessed for the surgical resectability of tumor by evaluating the vascular invasion. The criterion for vascular invasion indicating unresectability was the tumoral invasion of the proper hepatic artery or main portal vein or simultaneous invasion of one side of the hepatic artery and the other side of the portal vein. Results: All nine patients with tumors thought to be unresectable on the basis of CT findings had tumors that were unresectable at surgery (positive predictive value, 100%). Of 12 patients with tumors thought to be resectable, six had resectable tumors (negative predictive value, 50%). Spiral CT failed to detect small hepatic metastasis (n= 1), lymph node metastasis (n= 1), extensive tumor (n= 2) and variation of bile duct (n= 2), which precluded surgical resection. Conclusion: Spiral CT is a reliable method for detecting vascular invasion and unresectable tumors. However, it has limitations in detecting variations of the bile duct or the intraductal extent of tumor. Received: 24 November 1999/Accepted: 26 January 2000     

超声造影对急性重症胰腺炎的诊断价值初探

目的 探讨超声造影对急性重症胰腺炎的诊断准确性.方法 以增强CT结果为金标准,对33例72 h内已行增强螺旋CT检查的急性胰腺炎患者进行实时超声造影,分析其对急性重症胰腺炎的诊断价值.结果 超声造影诊断胰腺实质内坏死灶的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为90%、95%、94%、90%和95%;超声造影诊断急性重症胰腺炎的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值,阴性预测值分别为85%、92%、88%、94%和80%,而常规超声诊断急性重症咦腺炎的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为37%、86%、58%、78%和50%.结论 超声造影对咦腺内坏死灶及急性重症胰腺炎的诊断准确性较高.     

超声造影对急性重症胰腺炎的诊断价值初探

目的 探讨超声造影对急性重症胰腺炎的诊断准确性.方法 以增强CT结果为金标准,对33例72 h内已行增强螺旋CT检查的急性胰腺炎患者进行实时超声造影,分析其对急性重症胰腺炎的诊断价值.结果 超声造影诊断胰腺实质内坏死灶的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为90%、95%、94%、90%和95%;超声造影诊断急性重症胰腺炎的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值,阴性预测值分别为85%、92%、88%、94%和80%,而常规超声诊断急性重症咦腺炎的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为37%、86%、58%、78%和50%.结论 超声造影对咦腺内坏死灶及急性重症胰腺炎的诊断准确性较高.     

超声造影对急性重症胰腺炎的诊断价值初探

目的 探讨超声造影对急性重症胰腺炎的诊断准确性.方法 以增强CT结果为金标准,对33例72 h内已行增强螺旋CT检查的急性胰腺炎患者进行实时超声造影,分析其对急性重症胰腺炎的诊断价值.结果 超声造影诊断胰腺实质内坏死灶的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为90%、95%、94%、90%和95%;超声造影诊断急性重症胰腺炎的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值,阴性预测值分别为85%、92%、88%、94%和80%,而常规超声诊断急性重症咦腺炎的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为37%、86%、58%、78%和50%.结论 超声造影对咦腺内坏死灶及急性重症胰腺炎的诊断准确性较高.     

64排螺旋CT联合多模式重建图像在肝门部胆管癌可切除性术前评估中的应用

目的探究64排螺旋CT联合多模式重建图像在肝门部胆管癌（HCCA）可切除性术前评估中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2017年5月~2019年3月本院收治的180例HCCA患者的临床资料,所有患者术前均接受64排螺旋CT扫描检查,对患者进行鉴别诊断、TNM分期Bismuth-corlette分型和可切除性判断,并与临床病理学诊断结果进行比较,分析其在HCCA诊断、分型、分期及可切除性判断中的准确性。结果64排螺旋CT联合多模式重建图像对HCCA的检出准确率为100%;所有患者CT检查结果显示肝内胆管扩张,大部分患者以肿瘤近侧端胆管扩张为主,14例患者伴有不同程度的肝叶萎缩,38例患者伴有肝门部淋巴结肿大,16例患者伴有肝转移,CT扫描检查结果与手术病理检查结果比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两种检查方法对HCCA临床Bismuth-Corlett分型、TNM分期及手术可切除性分析结果比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论64排螺旋CT联合多模式重建图像在HCCA诊断、分型及临床分期中具有较高的准确率,可更直观、准确地评估HCCA的可切除性,在制定个性化手术方案、提高手术安全性方面,具有重要的临床价值。      

CT与彩超对胰腺癌手术切除性的联合估价

目的：采用CT与彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）联合法对胰腺癌的可切除性进行术前瞻性评价，以确定其准确性及临床应用价值。材料与方法：1998-2000年经手术及病理证实的43例胰腺癌仅行CT检查40例，CDFI检查36例，其中33例行CT和CDFI联合检查。43例胰腺癌的可切除性评估由两名影像专家进行分析，以手术及病理结果作为标准，评价联合法的诊断价值。结果：43例胰腺癌，经手术探查和病理诊断，14例可根治切除，29例不可根治切除。CT、CDFI及CT与CDFI联合法评估的准确性分别为77.50%，77.78%，87.88%。故在评价胰腺癌可切除性方面联合法的准确性优于单一法。结论：本研究表明，在对胰腺癌可切除性的评估中，CT扫描与CDFI联合法弥补了彼此检查法不足，能够更为准确、全面地评价胰腺癌的可切除性，具有较高的价值。     

螺旋CT双相扫描对胰腺癌可切除性的评价

目的前瞻性评价双相螺旋CT（HCT）术前预测胰腺癌可切除性的诊断价值。方法应朋对比剂增强HCT对57例疑似胰腺癌病例进行双相扫描,并对其中28例手术病理证实的胰腺癌病人的术前诊断和分期进行研究。结果28例胰腺癌经外科探查,17例进行根治性切除,7例进行姑息手术。可切除性的阳性预测值为70．8％。7例CT发现可切除的病例,因血管侵犯（5例）、淋巴结转移（2例）,术中未能切除。HCT作为判定胰腺癌可切除性的总的精确率为75％（21／28）。结论双相HCT扫描技术是胰腺癌术前分期和可切除性判断的一项有用方法。     

64排螺旋CT增强扫描对胃癌术前TNM分期中的临床价值

目的:探讨64排螺旋CT增强扫描在进展期胃癌的诊断、分期及可切除性及根治范围判定价值。材料与方法:对45例临床确诊为胃癌的住院患者进行术前64排螺旋CT动态增强扫描,根据结果作出分期诊断,并与手术及病理TNM分期相对照。结果:CT表现为胃壁多层结构破坏,淋巴结及邻近、远处脏器的转移。螺旋CT的T、N及M分期准确率分别为71.1%、75.0%和71.4%。结论:64排螺旋CT增强扫描术前评估进展期胃癌TNM分期准确性高,对胃癌患者术前评估有较高的临床参考价值。     

彩色多普勒血流显像在胰头和壶腹周围癌可切除性评估中的应用价值

目的　探讨彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)在胰头和壶腹周围癌可切除性评估中的应用价值。方法　应用CDFI检测21例胰头和壶腹周围癌患者,并与CT(增强)比较。根据肿瘤和相邻血管组织,即肠系膜上动脉(SMA)、肠系膜上静脉(SMV)和门静脉(PV)的关系,设计胰腺多普勒评分(PDS)为四个等级:1分、2分、3分和4分。结果　显示PDS评分1、2、3分者可以切除,证实符合率为95.2%,PDS评分为4分者不可切除,证实符合率为100%,总的准确率为97.8%,与CT(增强)相比,CDFI检测对胰头和壶腹周围癌可切除性评估的应用价值更高。结论　应用CDFI评估胰头和壶腹周围癌可切除性是一种有效的方法     

多层螺旋CT在恶性低位胆道梗阻疾病诊断中的应用研究

目的探讨多层螺旋CT成像鉴别不同组织来源的恶性低位胆道梗阻疾病的诊断价值。 方法回顾性分析新疆维吾尔自治区儿童医院2015年3月至2017年12月经手术或经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术活检证实的恶性低位胆道梗阻患者30例的临床资料。总结术前多层螺旋CT诊断的胆管癌、胰头癌和壶腹癌的影像学表现，并与病理活检结果进行对照，采用Kappa检验判断术前诊断与术后病理诊断的一致性。 结果30例患者多层螺旋CT均可清晰显示胆道系统扩张及远端梗阻部位胆管壁增厚、管腔狭窄。胆管癌表现为肝内胆管中、重度扩张，远端胆管呈"截断征"，梗阻部位可见软组织密度肿块沿胆管侧壁向管腔内生长；壶腹癌患者胆总管、胰管均扩张，呈典型"双管征"；胰头癌患者肿块密度不均，边界不清，强化不明显，呈相对低密度，胰体尾部常萎缩。多层螺旋CT诊断胆管癌准确性、敏感度、特异度分别为88.9%、88.9%、83.3%；诊断胰头癌准确性、敏感度、特异度分别为75.0%、85.7%、91.3%；诊断壶腹癌准确性、敏感度、特异度分别为75.0%、60.0%、96.0%。多层螺旋CT诊断与病理检查诊断结果经Kappa一致性检验分析，κ=0.70，P<0.01。 结论多层螺旋CT对于引起恶性梗阻性黄疸的壶腹区肿瘤术前诊断与病理诊断有较好一致性，能清晰显示胆道梗阻部位、程度、肿块以及与周围血管的关系，可作为临床诊断的常规影像学手段。     

Staging of pancreatic cancer with multidetector CT in the setting of preoperative chemoradiation therapy

Background Preoperative chemoradiation can potentially improve outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer. This study addresses its effect on staging pancreatic cancer with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Methods Fifty-five patients underwent a dual-phase MDCT pancreas protocol for proved pancreatic cancer. Of these, 16 patients underwent preoperative chemoradiation. Three radiologists independently reviewed images to assess for locally advanced disease, liver and peritoneal metastases on baseline studies of all 55 patients, and on follow-up preoperative studies for the 16 patients receiving preoperative therapy. Overall score for resectability was graded on a scale from 1 to 5 (1, definitely resectable; 5. definitely unresectable). Receiver operating characteristic curves and weighted (κ statistics were determined. Results The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for readers 1, 2, and 3 were 0.98, 0.96, and 0.90, respectively. Weighted κ values for reader 1 versus reader 2, reader 1 versus reader 3, and reader 2 versus reader 3 were 0.90, 0.57, and 0.54, respectively. Interpreting scores of 1 to 3 for resectability as resectable disease, the mean values for sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy were 0.92, 0.91, 0.74, 0.98, and 0.92 respectively. Conclusion The negative predictive value for MDCT for identifying unresectable pancreatic cancer in the setting of preoperative therapy is comparable to that reported in the absence of neoadjuvant therapy.     

Resectability of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: assessment using multidetector-row computed tomography with multiplanar reformations

The purpose was to assess capabilities of the multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) with multiplanar reformations (MPR) for predicting of pancreatic adenocarcinoma resectability. Forty-eight patients deemed to have resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma after assessment using biphasic MDCT with MPRs underwent surgery for potential tumor resection. Imaging findings were retrospectively evaluated for tumor resectability and correlated with surgical and pathological results. Curative resection was successful in 44 of 48 patients. The positive predictive value for tumor resectability made up 91% with four false-negative results. The reasons for unresectability were venous involvement (1), small liver metastases (2) and peritoneal involvement associated with small metastases to lymph nodes (1). MDCT yielded a negative predictive value of 99% (286 of 288 vessels) for detection of vascular invasion. Our results indicate the tendency towards improved prediction of resectability using MDCT compared to single-detector CT.     

Mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung carcinoma using computed and positron-emission tomography

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and positron-emission tomography (PET) in the mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS: Between May 14, 1999, and November 28, 2000, computerized tomography (CT) and positron-emission tomography (PET) were used to clinically stage 94 consecutive patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the lung (NSCCL). All patients underwent subsequent surgical staging with mediastinoscopy, anterior mediastinotomy, and/or thoracotomy with mediastinal lymphadenectomy. RESULTS: Overall accuracy was the same for both procedures. False-negative results occurred 3 times more often with CT; false-positive results occurred twice as often with PET. Sensitivity and specificity were 64% and 94%, respectively, for CT, versus 88% and 86%, respectively, for PET. Positive and negative predictive values were 80% and 88%, respectively, for CT, versus 71% and 95%, respectively, for PET. CONCLUSION: In addition to routine use of CT, PET seems to achieve high negative predictive value in the evaluation of mediastinal disease; PET seems particularly helpful in assessing absence of tumor in bulky nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.     

螺旋CT诊断老年胃癌患者术前分期的价值

目的探讨螺旋CT诊断老年胃癌术前分期的价值。方法选取2017年1月~2020年1月在我院治疗的老年胃癌患者110例,在我院行螺旋CT、胃镜检查,分析螺旋CT、胃镜胃癌检出率差异,并检验螺旋CT术前T、N分期与病理结果一致性。结果螺旋CT和胃镜胃癌检出率分别为92.73%和95.45%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;螺旋CT术前T分期与术后病理诊断一致性Kappa值为0.893（P < 0.05）,准确率92.73%;螺旋CT术前N分期与术后病理诊断一致性Kappa值为0.927（P < 0.05）,准确率95.45%。结论螺旋CT与胃镜诊断老年胃癌均有较好的效果,其中螺旋CT术前T、N分期判断有较好的价值。      

Preoperative assessment of pancreatic malignancy using endoscopic ultrasound

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has been regarded as the most accurate modality for locoregional staging of pancreatic malignancy. However, several recent studies have questioned this. The current study assessed the accuracy of EUS in determining preoperative resectability of pancreatic neoplasia. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients with pancreatic malignancy who had preoperative EUS and underwent surgery. EUS-predicted resectability was compared with surgical resectability. Where available, accuracies of vascular and nodal staging were also assessed. Results: Forty-five patients were identified (mean age = 60 years, age range = 36–79 years). All patients underwent surgical exploration; vascular staging was available in 32 cases and 17 cases underwent surgical resection. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of EUS in determining unresectability were 66%, 100%, and 78% respectively. Overall EUS stage concurred with surgical stage in 56%, greater than surgical stage in 4%, and less than surgical stage in 40%. Vascular staging on EUS had a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 100%. Accuracy of nodal staging was 71%. Conclusion: EUS had a high specificity for assessing unresectable pancreatic malignancy. This technique should be used to avoid unnecessary surgical exploration of incurable lesions. However, EUS had only a moderate sensitivity, and a proportion of patients staged preoperatively as having resectable disease will not be surgically resectable.