输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗急性闭合性尿道损伤尿道临床体会

目的分析输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗急性闭合性尿道损伤的效果。方法回顾性分析对21例急性闭合性尿道损伤患者实施输尿管镜下尿道会师术的临床治疗资料。结果 21例患者均成功实施手术,手术时间(27.62±9.15)min,平均尿流速率为20 m/s。19例患者拔出尿管后排尿通畅、2例拔管1~3个月后尿线细小,1例不定期行尿道扩张后治愈。1例尿道扩张无效后行离子电切镜内切开后恢复自行排尿。随访6个月~2 a,未出现无尿失禁、性功能障碍等。结论在输尿管镜下实施尿道会师术治疗急性闭合性尿道损伤,操作简单、创伤小、术后恢复快,并发症少。     

内窥镜下尿道会师术治疗急性闭合性尿道损伤42例疗效观察

目的:探讨内窥镜下尿道会师术治疗急性闭合性尿道损伤的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析42例急性闭合性尿道损伤患者采用输尿管镜进行内窥镜下尿道会师术的临床治疗效果。结果:42例损伤尿道在内窥镜下全部会师成功,均无尿失禁。36例无需进一步处理,尿流率正常;6例经间断尿道扩张后,尿流量正常。随访0.5～2年,41例排尿正常,1例失访。结论:内窥镜应用于男性急性闭合性尿道损伤,具有手术时间短、创伤小、康复快、疗效好等优点,可以作为男性急性闭合性尿道损伤治疗的首选方法。     

双窥镜尿道会师术早期治疗尿道损伤的疗效观察（附23例报告）

目的：探讨双内窥镜尿道会师术早期治疗尿道损伤的临床疗效.方法：回顾性分析23例尿道损伤患者采用输尿管软镜及尿道膀胱镜进行双内窥镜下尿道会师术的早期治疗经验.结果：23例损伤尿道在双内窥镜直视下会师均获得成功,全部患者无尿失禁,其中20例维持良好性功能.随访1～3年,18例无需进一步处理,尿流率正常;另5例出现短程排尿困难和继发性尿道狭窄,经短期定期尿道扩张或尿道内切开后,排尿正常.结论：双窥镜下尿道会师术早期治疗尿道损伤具有手术方式简单、手术时间短、微创、并发症少的优点,可有效用于男性闭合性尿道损伤的治疗,尤其是后尿道完全断裂及骨盆骨折患者.     

输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗急性尿道损伤（附36例报告）

目的探讨输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗急性尿道损伤的效果。方法 36例急性尿道损伤患者均在输尿管镜直视下行尿道会师术。结果 36例均一次性成功完成尿道会师术,术后平均4周拔出导尿管并按时行尿道扩张。均获随访,时间6个月～2年。术后6个月行膀胱镜和尿道造影复查,见尿道断端愈合良好,34例无狭窄或轻度狭窄,排尿正常,尿流率均在19 ml/s以上,1例因尿道严重狭窄实施尿道狭窄段切除端端吻合术,1例因尿线变细尿道扩张无效后行离子电切镜内切开。1例并发性功能障碍。结论输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗急性闭合性尿道损伤具有操作简单、疗效可靠、创伤小、并发症少、恢复快等优点,值得临床应用。     

尿道镜在急性闭合性尿道损伤治疗中的应用价值（附22例报告）

目的：探讨尿道镜在急性闭合性尿道损伤治疗中的应用价值。方法：对因骑跨伤致闭合性尿道球部损伤患者13例和骨盆骨折致后尿道损伤患者9例，采用电视尿道镜下留置导尿管行尿道会师术。结果：球部损伤患者12例会师成功，1例进镜失败；后尿道损伤患者5例会师成功，4例失败。随访0．5～5年，15例治愈，1例复发狭窄，1例失访。结论：采用尿道镜下尿道会师术治疗前尿道损伤安全合理，创伤小，疗效好，应成为首选方法；治疗后尿道损伤则需慎重，应根据伤情试行腔镜治疗。     

输尿管镜下尿道内会师术治疗尿道损伤12例体会

目的探讨输尿管镜尿道内会师术治疗闭合性尿道损伤的临床价值。方法回顾分析12例尿道损伤施行输尿管镜尿道内会师术的临床资料。结果 12例输尿管镜尿道会师术均一次性成功,7例术后排尿通畅,4例行尿道扩张数次后排尿通畅,1例尿道狭窄外院再行手术治疗,均无性功能障碍。结论输尿管镜下尿道内会师术创伤小,恢复快,是治疗闭合性尿道损伤的一种有效方法。     

微创尿道会师术治疗尿道外伤(附31例报告)

目的:探讨微创尿道会师术治疗尿道损伤的疗效.方法:回顾分析为31例尿道损伤患者用输尿管镜行微创尿道会师术的临床资料,必要时联合应用膀胱造瘘并用金属导尿管辅助.结果:31例均获成功,18例患者经输尿管镜顺利置入斑马导丝及F18尿管,13例合并应用膀胱穿刺造瘘,应用金属导尿管辅助置入斑马导丝后顺利置入F18尿管.随访0.5...     

输尿管镜、尿道镜下腔内尿道会师术治疗尿道损伤28例

目的探讨输尿管镜、尿道镜下腔内尿道会师术治疗尿道损伤的疗效。方法 2006年1月～2011年1月采用输尿管镜、尿道镜下尿道会师术治疗尿道损伤28例,经尿道输尿管镜探查明确损伤部位,对损伤较轻者,输尿管镜探查后直接进入膀胱,在输尿管支架管引导下置入F18～F20完成尿道会师;对输尿管完全断裂者,输尿管镜明确后行膀胱造瘘,在尿道镜引导下行输尿管支架管引导从尿道外口置入F18～F20尿管完成尿道会师,术后对尿道狭窄者定期尿道扩张。结果 28例均一次性成功,手术时间5～36 min,平均16 min。术中见尿道黏膜挫伤4例、球部尿道后壁穿孔4例、后尿道黏膜撕裂伤4例、尿道部分撕裂伤10例、尿道完全断裂伤6例,4例合并前列腺增生。23例随访3～36个月,平均27个月,其中20例随访〉24个月：术后均恢复正常排尿,最大尿液率17～22 ml/s,平均20 ml/s;9例尿道狭窄分别行冷刀内切开（3例）和直视下尿道扩张（6例）。结论经尿道腔镜下会师术操作简单,患者痛苦小,尿道排尿功能恢复良好。     

输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗后尿道断裂27例报告

目的:总结输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗后尿道断裂的临床经验。方法:对27例后尿道断裂患者早期采用输尿管镜下尿道会师术进行治疗。结果:27例患者均置管成功,无中转开放手术。结论:输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗后尿道断裂安全有效,是一种较理想的治疗方法。     

前尿道损伤早期处理的治疗体会

目的 探讨前尿道损伤早期处理方式的选择.方法 回顾性总结2001年9月至2011年6月我科47例尿道损伤患者的临床资料,分析术后并发症及排尿情况.结果 47例患者随访41例,随访时间1～84个月,术后2～6周拔除尿管;采用膀胱穿刺造瘘术3例,留置导尿8例,输尿管镜尿道置管术18例,腔镜下尿道会师术4例,尿道修补术或断端吻合术14例(术后会阴伤口感染2例,尿漏2例),术后31例排尿良好,尿道狭窄10例,失访6例.结论 前尿道不全断裂首选输尿管镜尿道置管术,不成功时行腔镜下尿道会师术,而对于前尿道断裂仍宜行尿道断端吻合术.     

Urethral injuries in the Civil War

PURPOSE: We compiled all cases of urethral injury received in battle during the Civil War to detail their management and determine the outcome of treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Surgeon medical reports of individual cases of urethral injury listed in the Medical and Surgical History of the Civil War, and pension records available in the National Archives and Records Administration were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 105 cases of urethral injury from gunshot wounds, comprising 7% of all urogenital casualties, were reported during the Civil War between 1861 and 1865. Of them 22 (21%) were fatal and 83 patients (79%) cases survived. Debridement and catheter drainage of urinary extravasation or perineal urethrotomy was initial treatment. The majority of urethral injuries were complicated by troublesome strictures, fistulas, urinary incontinence and erectile impotence. Only 19 patients (23%) recovered fully. CONCLUSIONS: Civil War urethral injuries had devastating long-term consequences.     

Initial management of acute urethral injuries

A study was made of 30 cases of acute urethral trauma treated over a 7-year period. There were 10 anterior and 20 posterior urethral injuries, the majority of these being partial ruptures. Posterior urethral injuries were caused by road traffic accidents in 75% of cases while 80% of the anterior urethral injuries were of the "straddle" type. There was only 1 case of iatrogenic injury to the anterior urethra. During follow-up, all patients required periodic dilatations for stricture except for the single case of iatrogenic injury. An average of 5 dilatations controlled all of the strictures except for 2 that required urethroplasties.     

Urethral injury due to external trauma

Fifty-six patients with urethral injuries comprised 35 involving the posterior urethra and 21 involving the anterior urethra. Immediate retrograde urethrography confirmed the clinical diagnosis made when blood was found at the external urinary meatus after external trauma. Traffic accidents caused most of the posterior urethral injuries and were associated with severe injuries to multiple systems and a significant mortality rate (34 per cent). Primary realignment of the urethral injury by a urethral catheter in all cases of urethral rupture (plus a suprapubic cystostomy in most of these cases) resulted in a stricture rate of 62 per cent on follow-up. However, only half of these strictures required surgical correction. The incidence of incontinence was 10 per cent and of impotence 38 per cent.     

小儿闭合性尿道损伤的早期诊断和治疗

目的：总结小儿闭合性尿道损伤的早期诊治试验。方法：回顾性分析２６例本病患儿的临床资料。结果：前尿道损伤１６例，球部损伤占９例，后尿道损伤１０例。尿道挫伤１３例，作保留导尿管＋抗炎治疗；部分断裂４例，作膀销单纯造瘘；完全断裂９例，作尿道会师＋牵引。术后效果满意，并发症少。结论：对小少闭合性尿道损伤，早期明确诊断，根据损伤程度和部位选择合理治疗方法，可取得较好效果。     

Management of urethral lesions in penile blunt trauma

BACKGROUND: Traumatic lesions to the penis may extend into the corpus spongiosum, causing laceration or complete transection of the urethra. Blunt penile trauma is usually related to sexual intercourse or manipulation. The aim of this paper was to report the authors experience with the management of urethral injuries in patients with penile blunt trauma. METHODS: The charts from 77 patients with penile blunt trauma were retrospectively reviewed, and the cases associated with urethral injuries associated were selected. Patient age ranged from 18 to 63 years (mean 33 years). RESULTS: From 77 cases assessed, 11 (14.2%) patients had urethral injury, 62 (80.5%) had injury of the corpora cavernosa and four (5.2%) had injury of the dorsal vein. The etiology of urethral injuries was sexual intercourse in 10 patients (91%) and direct trauma to the flaccid penis in one patient (9%). A partial urethral disruption was presented in eight patients (72.8%) and a total disruption in three patients (27.2%). Preoperative urethrogram was performed in seven patients with a suspicion of urethral trauma. When a partial injury was present the urethra was closed over the catheter, and in the presence of a total injury an end-to-end anastomosis was performed. CONCLUSION: The data support the reported incidence of urethral injury associated with blunt penile trauma. No clinically apparent urethral structures were appreciated with primary urethral repair after a follow up of more than 6 months.     

Treatment of posterior and anterior urethral trauma

OBJECTIVE: To assess the occurrence and treatment of posterior urethral (most often caused by traffic accidents and comprising half of all cases of urinary tract traumas) and anterior urethral injury (usually iatrogenic during catheterization or cystoscopy, or caused by blunt trauma, e.g. straddle injury or penetrating trauma). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records and details of patients with posterior and anterior urethral trauma were analysed from 61 urological departments in Poland between 1995 and 1999. RESULTS: During the 5-year period there were 268 cases of posterior and 255 of anterior urethral injury; for the former, most occurred during traffic accidents, and of the latter 206 were iatrogenic (during catheterization or cystoscopy), of which 48 were accompanied by perineal injury. The posterior injuries were isolated or involved many organs, mainly pelvic bones. Both types of injuries were diagnosed using ascending urethrography, voiding cysto-urethrography and urethroscopy/endoscopy. Treatment for posterior injuries included cystostomy alone or cystostomy with abdominal drainage or perineal drainage; some patients also had their urethra reconstructed. The treatment for anterior injuries was conservative in 193 patients and surgical in 62. CONCLUSION: The early detection and appropriate surgical treatment of posterior and anterior urethral injury is crucial for the recovery of urethral function, and avoids many complications.     

A study of 114 cases of urinary tract injury

In 11 years between January, 1974 and December, 1984 114 patients (92 males and 22 females) were admitted to our departments for urologic injuries. As there were four patients with multiple injuries (both kidneys 1, kidney and ureter 1, kidney and urethra 1, and bladder and urethra 1), the number of cases with kidney, ureter, bladder and urethral injuries were 76 (64%), 33 (28%), 6 (5%) and 3 (3%), respectively. The most frequent incidence was in the second decade. Out of the 75 cases of renal injuries there were 42 cases (56%) of contusions, 21 (28%) of lacerations, 7 (9.3%) of ruptures and 5 (6.7%) of pedicle injuries. Only 14 cases (18.7%) were treated surgically, namely six by nephrectomy and eight by a conservative approach (suture 1, drainage 3, partial nephrectomy 3 and pyeloplasty 1). Of the 3 cases of ureteral injuries all cases were treated surgically. Of the 6 cases of bladder injuries four cases were treated surgically. Of the 33 cases of urethral injuries 10 cases were complicated by fractures of the pelvis. Twenty three cases (74%) were treated surgically.     

腔镜下处理闭合性尿道损伤（附16例报告）

[摘要] 目的： 探讨腔镜在处理闭合性尿道损伤中的应用。方法: 回顾分析我院自2001年6月至2009年6月16例闭合性尿道损伤患者通过腔镜下处理的临床资料。结果：16例患者均通过腔内治疗获得成功,术后随访6个月～2年, 12例患者排尿顺畅,尿线较前无明显变细,4例患者,其中3例骨盆骨折伤,1例尿道球部完全断裂,拔除尿管1周-2月后不同程度出现尿线变细,经尿道造影检查发现不同程度的尿道狭窄,予行尿道扩张2-4个月后排尿顺畅。本组全部患者无勃起功能障碍发生。结论：腔镜下处理闭合性尿道损伤具有疗效好、创伤小、手术时间短、并发症少等特点。