噻托溴铵治疗COPD疗效观察

目的评价吸入噻托溴铵治疗稳定期COPD的疗效。方法将96例Ⅱ～Ⅲ级COPD患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组第1周至13周每天吸入噻托溴铵胶囊18μg 1粒。分别在治疗前后测定肺功能等相关指标。结果治疗组第一秒用力呼气容积(FEVI)、FEV1/FVC、6 min步行距离和生活质量评分较对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论噻托溴铵对于稳定期Ⅱ～Ⅲ级COPD患者有一定疗效。     

噻托溴铵和氨茶碱对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病的干预作用

目的评价噻托溴铵干粉剂对中、重度稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺功能和气道重塑的影响。方法采用随机对照研究140例COPD患者,噻托溴铵组使用噻托溴铵干粉剂,对照组使用氨茶碱片,总观察时间12 w,治疗前后测定肺功能,酶联免疫吸附测定痰中转化生长因子(TGF)-β1。结果治疗后徵托溴铵组深吸气量(OIC)、第1秒用力肺活量(FEV1)和用力肺活量(FVC)明显改善,分别增加了102、256、154 ml,TGF-β1阳性率为37.5%,对照组肺功能改善不明显,TGF-β1阳性率为65.0%。噻托溴铵组TGF-β1阳性率低于对照组。FEV1与TGF-β1阳性率呈负相关。结论噻托溴铵能改善中、重度稳定期COPD患者的肺功能和气道重塑,FEV1与TGF-β1阳性率呈负相关。     

噻托溴铵治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期的临床疗效研究

目的探讨噻托溴铵治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期的临床疗效。方法选取2012年在南昌大学第一附属医院进行治疗的COPD稳定期患者200例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,各100例。对照组患者给予COPD常规治疗,治疗组患者在COPD常规治疗基础上给予噻托溴铵治疗,均连续治疗8周后随访6个月。比较两组患者治疗前后肺功能指标,包括:第一秒用力呼气末容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)及FEV1/FVC比值;观察两组患者治疗前和随访3、6个月时呼吸困难指数(m MRC)和6分钟步行距离(6MWT)及治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果两组患者治疗前FEV1、FVC及FEV1/FVC比值比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组患者治疗后FEV1、FVC及FEV1/FVC比值均高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前m MRC和6MWT比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组患者随访3个月、6个月时m MRC低于对照组,6MWT长于对照组(P0.05)。治疗组患者不良反应发生率为7%,与对照组的8%比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论噻托溴铵能改善COPD稳定期患者肺功能,缓解临床症状,提升运动耐量,且安全性良好。     

噻托溴铵联合多索茶碱治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病的疗效

目的探讨噻托溴铵联合多索茶碱治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的临床疗效。方法将80例稳定期COPD患者随机分对照组和观察组,各40例,对照组给予常规治疗和多索茶碱治疗,而观察组则在对照组的基础上给予噻托溴铵粉吸入治疗;比较两组肺功能、呼吸困难评分、6 min步行距离及有效率。结果观察组治疗12个月后第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC均明显高于对照组(P<0.01);呼吸困难评分明显低于对照组(P<0.01)、6 min步行距离明显大于对照组(P<0.01);总有效率(97.5%)明显高于对照组(80.0%,P<0.05)。结论噻托溴铵联合多索茶碱治疗稳定期COPD患者,可明显改善肺功能,缓解呼吸困难,提高临床疗效。     

脾氨肽冻干粉口服联合噻托溴铵治疗老年COPD的临床疗效

目的评价口服脾氨肽冻干粉联合噻托溴铵治疗老年稳定期COPD的临床疗效。方法选取68例老年稳定期COPD患者采用平行分组法随机分为治疗组与对照组各34例,对照组给予噻托溴铵粉吸入18μg/次,1次/d;治疗组在对照组治疗基础上给予脾氨肽冻干粉口服2 mg/次,1次/d。疗程均为8周。结果治疗8周后,治疗组较对照组FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC及FEV1%预计值水平明显改善(P0.05),血清CD+3、CD+4、CD+8、CD+4/CD+8及NK细胞水平较对照组明显改善(P0.05),具有统计学意义。结论脾氨肽冻干粉口服联合噻托溴铵治疗老年稳定期COPD效果理想,其可能通过改善淋巴细胞免疫功能水平发挥作用。     

老年中重度稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者应用噻托溴铵的疗效与安全性

目的探讨老年中重度稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者应用噻托溴铵(吸入剂量18μg,1次/d)的疗效和安全性。方法在中重度稳定期96例COPD患者,连续3年应用噻托溴铵,每3个月检测肺功能第1秒用力呼吸气量占预计值的百分比(FEV1)和用力肺活量(FVC),圣·乔治呼吸问卷计分(SGRQ)评估生活质量,观察急性加重的发生率及用药的不良反应。结果经连续3年的治疗观察,与对照组比较,噻托溴铵治疗组用药后的FEV1较基线值显著增加,FEV1增加0.26 L(P0.01),并且重度COPD患者肺功能改善明显,治疗组在6个月后肺功能下降趋势明显变缓。噻托溴铵组患者SGRQ评分低于对照组,在重度治疗后的第3个月,噻托溴铵治疗组SGRQ总评分较基线低了6.85,对照组SGRQ总评分较基线低了1.14,SGRQ总评分治疗组较对照组明显改善(P0.01);在中度患者中治疗6个月后SGRQ总评分治疗组较对照组比较有明显改善。COPD急性加重率治疗组与对照组之比为0.75(95%CI 0.58~0.96;P0.05)。在安全指标方面治疗组与对照组没有显著差异。结论噻托溴胺对于改善肺通气功能、健康状态及降低急性发作频率等方面显示出了独特的长处,且耐受性良好,是目前稳定期COPD患者的有效药物。     

噻托溴铵治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期的临床疗效及对血清白介素18、肿瘤坏死因子α、基质金属蛋白酶9水平的影响研究

目的观察噻托溴铵治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期的临床疗效,探讨其对血清白介素18(IL-18)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)水平的影响。方法选取2013年7月—2015年1月沧州和平医院收治的COPD稳定期患者114例,按随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组57例。对照组患者予以常规治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上加用噻托溴铵治疗;两组患者均连续治疗12周。比较两组患者临床疗效,治疗前后肺功能指标〔第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值(FEV1/FVC)、呼气峰流速(PEF)〕及血清IL-18、TNF-α、MMP-9水平,不良反应发生情况。结果观察组患者临床疗效优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗前两组患者FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC、PEF比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC、PEF高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗前两组患者血清IL-18、TNF-α、MMP-9水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者血清IL-18、TNF-α、MMP-9水平低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论噻托溴铵治疗COPD稳定期患者的临床疗效确切,可有效改善患者肺功能,降低患者血清IL-18、TNF-α、MMP-9水平,且不良反应较少。     

噻托溴铵治疗COPD的临床疗效观察

目的研究老年性吸烟稳定期COPD应用噻托溴铵的临床疗效。方法分析2009年1月～2011年9月我院收治的90例老年性吸烟稳定期COPD患者,随机分成治疗组和对照组个45例:治疗组(每日给予患者18μg噻托溴铵吸入剂+沙丁胺醇气雾剂);对照组(每隔12小时给予患者口服0.1 g氨茶碱+沙丁胺醇气雾剂),治疗后对患者进行2个月的随访观察,比较两组患者治疗后肺功能的改善情况。结果治疗组经过治疗后St George评分显著降低,优于对照组,并且相对于治疗前FEV1/Pred、FEV1、FEV1/FVC的评分值均有显著提高(P<0.01),对照组治疗效果不明显(P>0.05)。结论噻托溴铵吸入剂联合沙丁胺醇气雾剂可以显著改善老年性吸烟稳定期COPD患者的肺功能。     

国产噻托溴铵粉雾剂与沙美特罗替卡松治疗COPD的肺功能观察

目的分析国产噻托溴铵粉雾剂与沙美特罗替卡松治疗COPD的肺功能变化。方法选取48例门诊Ⅱ级中度COPD患者,男28例,女20例,其中单一吸入国产噻托溴铵粉雾剂(天晴速乐,18μg)14例,单一吸入沙美特罗替卡松(舒利迭,50/250μg)34例。用药前、用药后第4周、第8周记录肺功能。结果所有入选患者在用药4周及8周后肺功能均较前改善,噻托溴铵组的第4周FEV1增加值为133.5±11.8 ml,第8周为68.8±22.0 ml,第4周FVC增加值为151.1±55.8 ml,第8周为55.9±19.6 ml;沙美特罗替卡松组第4周FEV1增加值100.6±24.0 ml,第8周为60.1±17.6 ml,第4周FVC增加值为137.5±41.3 ml,第8周为55±22.4 ml。两组FEV1、FVC增加值无统计学差异。结论国产噻托溴铵粉雾剂与沙美特罗替卡松均可在短期内改善COPD患者肺功能,两组各自的FEV1、FVC增加值差异无统计学意义,噻托溴铵组患者依从性逊于沙美特罗替卡松组。     

无创通气联合噻托溴铵在老年COPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的临床应用

目的评价无创通气联合噻托溴铵在COPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的临床疗效。方法将126例老年COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者随机分入对照组与观察组,对照组患者接受常规治疗,观察组患者在常规治疗基础上给予无创通气联合噻托溴铵吸入,疗程4周。比较两组治疗后4周血气分析指标及肺功能的改变。结果治疗后4周观察组血气分析指标PaO2、PaCO2及pH值均显著优于对照组,差别具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与对照组相比,治疗后观察组肺功能指标FEV1、FVC和FEV1/FVC显著提高（P〈0.05）。结论无创通气联合噻托溴铵治疗老年COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭可显著改善血气分析指标及肺功能,提高生活质量。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.