温阳涩肠方对番泻叶致小鼠腹泻作用的实验研究

目的:观察温阳涩肠法对番泻叶致小鼠腹泻指数及正常小鼠小肠推进运动的影响。方法:采用药物性腹泻小鼠模型和碳末推进法。结果:小鼠灌服温阳涩肠药大剂量(83.75g/kg)、中剂量(41.87g/kg),腹泻指数分别为0.59、0.40,与模型对照组腹泻指数1.01比较,差异均有显著性(P<0.05);温阳涩肠药大剂量、中剂量及复方地芬诺酯均能明显抑制正常小鼠炭末推进率,其推进率分别为56.06%、61.91%和56.14%,与空白对照组推进率65.92%相比,差异有显著性(P<0.05);与阳性对照组比较,大剂量的抑制效应与复方地芬诺酯(6.2mg/kg)相当(P>0.05)。结论:温阳涩肠法具有一定的止泻作用及抑制肠蠕动作用。     

椿皮与石榴皮的止泻作用

目的比较研究石榴皮与椿皮止泻作用强度。方法通过小鼠灌胃给以石榴皮水煎剂(0.2 g生药/kg,0.4 g生药/kg)、椿皮水煎剂(0.2 g生药/kg,0.4 g生药/kg)、思密达阳性对照(0.4 g生药/kg)及空白对照六组药,测定其对番泻叶致泻小鼠的止泻作用强弱;观察两种水煎剂对正常小鼠小肠炭末推进率的影响,用以推测其作用机理。结果与空白组对比,同剂量椿皮水煎剂与石榴皮水煎剂两者的潜伏时间和稀便率均有显著差异(P0.05),椿皮(0.2 g生药/kg)水煎剂止泻作用具有极显著差异(P0.01)。结论同剂量椿皮水煎剂对小鼠番泻叶所致腹泻止的泻作用强于石榴皮水煎剂,椿皮(0.2 g生药/kg)水煎剂止泻作用较强。椿皮水煎剂可能通过减缓胃肠蠕动而达到止泻作用。     

复方女真丹颗粒镇痛抗炎作用研究

目的观察复方女真丹颗粒镇痛抗炎作用。方法采用醋酸和热板致痛法观察复方女真丹颗粒的镇痛作用;采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀炎症模型观察复方女真丹颗粒的抗炎作用。结果复方女真丹颗粒1.0、0.5、0.25g/kg可明显减少醋酸所致疼痛模型小鼠的扭体次数(P<0.01,P<0.05)。1.0、0.5g/kg在给药后60min可明显提高热板致小鼠疼痛阈值(均P<0.05),0.25g/kg组则在给药后120min痛阈值明显提高(P<0.05)。复方女真丹颗粒1.0、0.5、0.25g/kg对二甲苯引起的小鼠耳肿胀有明显的抑制作用(P<0.01,P<0.05);复方女真丹颗粒1.8、0.9g/kg对角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀在致炎后4h开始出现抑制作用(P<0.01,P<0.05),6h作用最明显(P<0.01),阿司匹林0.2g/kg在致炎后2h开始出现抑制作用(P<0.05),4h和6h作用更明显(均P<0.01)。结论复方女真丹颗粒具有镇痛和抗炎作用。     

复方消经痛胶囊镇痛抗炎作用研究

目的研究复方消经痛胶囊镇痛抗炎作用。方法采用醋酸和热板致痛法,观察复方消经痛胶囊的镇痛作用;采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀模型,观察复方消经痛胶囊的抗炎作用。结果复方消经痛胶囊2.0,1.0 g/kg可明显减少醋酸所致疼痛模型小鼠的扭体次数(P<0.05)。2.0 g/kg在给药后90 m in可明显提高热板致小鼠疼痛阈值,1.0,0.5 g/kg组则在给药后120 m in痛阈值明显提高(P<0.05)。复方消经痛胶囊2.0,1.0,0.5 g/kg对二甲苯引起的小鼠耳肿胀有明显的抑制作用(P<0.01或P<0.05);复方消经痛胶囊1.6,0.8,0.4 g/kg对角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀在致炎后4 h开始出现抑制作用(P<0.01或P<0.05),6 h作用最明显(P<0.01或P<0.01)。结论复方消经痛胶囊具有镇痛和抗炎作用。     

健脾止泻汤对结肠癌术后腹泻患者胃肠激素水平和生活质量的影响

目的观察健脾止泻汤对结肠癌术后腹泻患者胃肠激素水平和生活质量的影响。方法将2018年1月—2019年2月上海市宝山区罗店医院诊治的84例结肠癌术后腹泻患者随机分为2组,对照组给予盐酸洛哌丁胺胶囊治疗,观察组给予健脾止泻汤治疗,均连续治疗4周。对比2组治疗前后主要症状积分(大便性状、大便次数、肠鸣矢气、腹痛、腹胀)、胃肠激素水平[胃动素(MTL)、抑胃肽(GIP)],统计2组生活质量改善情况、临床疗效和不良反应发生情况。结果2组治疗后大便性状、大便次数、肠鸣矢气、腹痛、腹胀积分及MTL水平均明显低于治疗前(P均<0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P均<0.05);2组治疗后GIP水平均明显高于治疗前(P均<0.05),且观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组治疗后生活质量总有效率为92.9%(39/42),明显高于对照组的71.4%(30/42),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗总有效率为90.5%(38/42),明显高于对照组的71.4%(30/42),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为4.8%(2/42),明显低于对照组的23.8%(10/42),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论健脾止泻汤能够显著减轻结肠癌术后腹泻患者症状,调节胃肠激素水平,改善生活质量,且不良反应少。     

藏药“五味麝香丸”药效学实验研究

目的:观察五味麝香丸对模型动物的抗炎镇痛作用。方法:制造大鼠、小鼠炎症模型和疼痛模型,观察五味麝香丸的抗炎镇痛作用。结果:五味麝香丸0.021 g/kg和0.010 g/kg两个剂量对组织胺所致大鼠足趾肿胀有明显抑制作用,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);五味麝香丸0.030g/kg和0.015g/kg两个剂量组对二甲苯所致小鼠耳壳肿胀和冰醋酸所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加有明显抑制作用,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。五味麝香丸0.030 g/kg和0.015 g/kg两个剂量组对冰醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应有明显抑制作用,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);五味麝香丸0.030 g/kg剂量组对小鼠热板痛阈值有明显提高作用,其作用在给药后60分钟和90分钟时较明显,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:五味麝香丸具有明显的抗炎和镇痛作用。     

复方乌鸡胶囊的实验研究

目的:将复方乌鸡胶囊(江西方)开发为新药.方法:采用小鼠镇痛和止血;抗炎(大,小鼠),离体大鼠子宫收缩,抗阴虚(小鼠)等药效学试验及大鼠的长期毒性试验和最大耐受量测定.结果:复方乌鸡胶囊高、中、低剂量组(简称WH、WM、WL、下同)对镇痛和止血试验均有非常显著性差异(P<0.01).抗炎方面:小鼠的WH组有非常显著性差异;余均有显著性差异,大鼠的WH、WL组中第1h有非常显著性差异,第5、24 h有显著性差异.毒理学方面:最大耐受量为50kg体重成人日用量(9 g、生药量)的953倍;长毒试验复方乌鸡胶囊H、L组中动物脏器和切片均未发现明显异常,认为本品比较安全.结论:复方乌鸡胶囊和复方乌鸡口服液均有明显的抗炎作用;对大鼠子宫呈显著的收缩作用;收缩频率明显(P<0.05)加快,且乌囊H比乌液H组呈明显差异(P<0.02).     

不同因素对大黄泻下与止泻双向调节效应的影响

目的：观察不同条件对大黄泻下和止泻双向调节效应的影响。方法：采用正常ICR小鼠、复方地芬诺酯复制便秘小鼠模型和腹泻小鼠模型,造模2 h后各给药组分别以不同剂量的生大黄细粉、不同炮制品（生大黄、熟大黄和大黄炭）和不同时间煎煮而成的生大黄粗粉灌胃给药1次,而正常和模型组则给予等体积的生理盐水,观察各组小鼠给药后6 h内的排便总数、排便指数和腹泻指数。结果：1）不同给药剂量：0.2 g/kg生大黄和0.67～3 g/kg大黄炭对腹泻小鼠有止泻作用,0.8 g/kg生大黄和5 g/kg大黄炭能明显加重腹泻。2）不同炮制品：当生大黄剂量大于等于0.72 g/kg时能使正常小鼠泻下,大于等于1.8 g/kg时使便秘小鼠通便,0.8 g/kg时加重腹泻小鼠腹泻;0.67～3 g/kg大黄炭和3 g/kg熟大黄对腹泻小鼠均有止泻作用。3）不同煎煮时间：1.5 g/kg生大黄粗粉在2～10 min内对正常和便秘小鼠的泻下作用随煎煮时间延长而逐渐升高,在10～180 min内随煎煮时间延长泻下作用强度逐渐减弱,其中,煎煮10 min时泻下作用最强,180 min时最弱。结论：机体的状态和药物的不同剂量、炮制方法和煎煮时间均可影响大黄的泻下与止泻的双向调节效应。     

维药孜日克颗粒对小鼠腹泻和小肠推进功能的影响

目的:观察孜日克颗粒对小鼠腹泻和对小肠推进功能的影响。方法:将小鼠随机分成空白组、模型组、孜日克颗粒0.2 g/kg组、0.1 g/kg组、0.05 g/kg组和玛木然止泻胶囊阳性对照组。孜日克颗粒组和阳性组灌胃给药3 h后,灌胃番泻叶混悬液(0.3 ml/10 g)致腹泻模型,以腹泻指数、稀便率为指标,观察孜日克颗粒对番泻叶致小鼠腹泻模型的影响。另将实验小鼠随机分成空白组、模型组、孜日克颗粒0.2 g/kg组、0.1 g/kg组,采用碳墨灌胃加肌肉注射新斯的明,观察孜日克颗粒对新斯的明引起的小肠运动亢进的影响。结果 :孜日克颗粒0.2 g/kg、0.1 g/kg、0.05 g/kg剂量能显著减少腹泻小鼠的稀便率、腹泻指数;孜日克颗粒0.2g/kg、0.1 g/kg剂量能抑制小鼠小肠推动运动的亢进。结论:孜日克颗粒有抗腹泻和抑制小肠推进功能亢进的作用。     

花仙宫血胶囊治疗功能性子宫出血的研究

目的:通过实验研究花仙宫血胶囊治疗功能性子宫出血的药理学依据。方法:用剪尾法及毛细玻管法、玻片法测定各组大、小鼠出、凝血时间,观察花仙宫血胶囊对大、小鼠出凝血时间的影响;通过扭体实验观察其镇痛作用;对成年去卵巢雌性小鼠灌服不同剂量的花仙宫血胶囊药液,采用放免法测定各组小鼠血清中的雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P)的含量,观察药物对成年去卵巢雌性小鼠生殖神经内分泌的影响。结果:花仙宫血胶囊0.92g/㎏、0.46g/㎏、0.23g/kg 3个剂量组均能缩短大鼠凝血时间和出血时间,与空白组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01,P<0.05);花仙宫血胶囊2.92g/㎏、1.46g/㎏、0.73g/kg各剂量组均能明显缩短小鼠凝血,0.73g/kg剂量组缩短出血时间,与空白对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01,P<0.05)。花仙宫血胶囊2.92g/㎏、1.46g/㎏、0.73g/kg各剂量组对抗缩宫素引起的扭体次数均明显减少,与模型对照组比较有显著性差异(p<0.01,P<0.05);花仙宫血胶囊2.92g/㎏、1.46g/㎏剂量组对抗醋酸诱导的小鼠的扭体次数明显减少,与模型对照组比较有显著性差异(p<0.01)。花仙宫血胶囊2.92g/㎏、1.46g/㎏、0.73g/kg各剂量组均能增加去势小鼠血清雌二醇和孕酮水平,与模型组比较,2.92g/㎏剂量组雌二醇、1.46g/㎏剂量组孕酮升高有显著性差异(P<0.05,p<0.01)。结论:花仙宫血胶囊具有止血、镇痛和调节小鼠雌孕激素水平等作用。     

Antidiarrheal activity of Pyrenacantha staudtii Engl. (Icacinaceae) aqueous leaf extract in rodents

Ethnopharmacological relervance

Pyrenacantha staudtii Engl. (Icacinaceae) is a plant which is traditionally used for the treatment of blemnorrhea, hernia, insomnia, intestinal pain and diarrhea in Nigeria. Therefore the core aim of the present study is to evaluate antidiarrheal activity of Pyrenacantha staudtii aqueous extract (PSE).

Materials and methods

The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhea method. The effects of Pyrenacantha staudtii aqueous extract on gastrointestinal motility, intestinal transit and enteropooling were also examined in rodents. The acute toxicity effect of the aqueous extract of Pyrenacantha staudtii was also investigated.

Results

Pyrenacantha staudtii aqueous extract (PSE, 100-400 mg/kg, p.o.) produced dose-dependent and significant (P < 0.05-0.01) protection of rats and mice against castor oil-induced diarrhea, inhibited intestinal transit, and delayed gastric emptying. PSE, produced dose-dependent and significant (P < 0.05-0.01) antimotility effect, caused dose-related inhibition of castor-oil-induced enteropooling in animals, comparable to atropine (1 mg/kg, p.o.). Like loperamide (10 mg/kg, p.o.), PSE, dose-dependently and significantly (P < 0.05-0.01) delayed the onset of castor-oil induced diarrhea, decreased the frequency of defecation, and reduced the severity of diarrhea in the rodents. Compared with control animals, PSE, dose-dependently and significantly (P < 0.05-0.01) decreased the volume of castor oil-induced intestinal fluid secretion, and reduced the number, weight and wetness of fecal droppings.

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicate that PSE possesses antidiarrheal property in rats and mice. These findings confirm the ethnomedicinal use of Pyrenacantha staudtii leaf as a valuable natural remedy for the treatment, management and/or control of diarrhea.     

柳叶蜡梅茎叶水提物的“消导止泻”研究

目的：研究柳叶蜡梅茎叶水提物“消导止泻“的科学内涵。方法：将ICR小鼠随机分为5组,分别为阴性对照组、阳性对照组和柳叶腊梅0．5,2,4g·kg^-1剂量组,每组12只,以枸橼酸莫沙必利为阳性对照测定血清胃动素（MTL）、胃泌素（GAS）含量,并计算胃内色素相对残留率;以克痢痧为阳性对照,末次给药1h后灌胃蓖麻油,记录1,2,3,4,5h内的累积腹泻次数和大便形态;末次给药1h后灌胃番泻叶水提物,记录1,2,3,4,5h内的累积腹泻次数和大便形态。结果：柳叶腊梅3个剂量组小鼠胃内色素相对残留率均降低（P〈0．05）、血清GAS水平均显著升高（P〈0．叭）,其中柳叶腊梅0．5g·kg^-1组小鼠血清MTL含量显著升高（P〈0．01）;柳叶腊梅3个剂量能不同程度地降低蓖麻油腹泻小鼠3,4,5h内的累积腹泻次数及1,2,3h的大便形态（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;柳叶腊梅2,4g·kg^-1剂量能显著改善番泻叶致泻3,4,5h内的累积腹泻次数及3h小鼠的大便形态（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论：柳叶蜡梅茎叶水提物可以显著提高正常小鼠胃排空和血清GAS含量,具有一定的促消化作用,且能降低蓖麻油和番泻叶致泻小鼠的腹泻次数,改善大便形态,具有一定的止泻作用。     

土大黄对实验性银屑病的作用

目的 :探讨土大黄对实验性银屑病的作用及可能的机理。方法:采用心得安乳剂涂抹耳造成小鼠银屑病样模型,土大黄提取物(2、4、6 g/kg)ig 2周,取左耳迅速放入液氮中冷冻,检测细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-10、IL-4;取右耳置10%甲醛溶液中固定,作病理组织学检查。结果:土大黄提取物(2、4、6 g/kg)、阳性药甲氨蝶呤(1.5 mg/kg)能极显著地降低模型组耳部皮损组织匀浆中IFN-γ水平(P<0.01),土大黄提取物(6 g/kg)能显著升高IL-10、IL-4水平(P<0.05),土大黄提取物(2、4 g/kg)及甲氨蝶呤(1.5mg/kg)对IL-4水平的影响没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。组织病理学检查发现,土大黄对耳部皮损组织有修复作用,且具有剂量依赖性。结论 :土大黄提取物对实验性小鼠银屑病有治疗作用,且具有剂量依赖性。     

苦皮藤对类风湿性关节炎成纤维滑膜细胞增殖和相关细胞因子表达的影响

目的:观察苦皮藤不同提取部位对类风湿关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞(HFLS-RA)增殖的影响,及其对肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)诱导的HFLS-RA中细胞因子表达的影响。方法:制备苦皮藤水提物(A)及其醇提物(B),对醇提物根据极性大小进行萃取,得到石油醚部位(C)、二氯甲烷部位(D)、乙酸乙酯部位(E)、正丁醇部位(F)、剩余层部位(G)。噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测苦皮藤各部位不同浓度(10、20、40、80、160μg/mL)干预细胞24 h、48 h、72 h,对细胞增殖的抑制作用;TNF-α(20 ng/mL)体外诱导HFLS-RA增殖,加入不同浓度的各个提取部位(10,40,160μg/mL)作用72 h后,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测细胞上清中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)、前列腺素E 2(PGE 2)的含量。结果:MTT结果表明,苦皮藤的B、C、D(80,160μg/mL)能显著抑制HFLS-RA细胞的增殖(P<0.01),呈时间和剂量依赖性;A、E、F、G四组对细胞的活力均无明显影响。ELISA结果显示,与空白组比较,TNF-α组细胞上清中IL-1β、IL-6、MMP-3、PGE 2含量均显著提高(P<0.01);与TNF-α组比较,B、C、D(40,160μg/mL)能显著抑制IL-1β的表达(P<0.05,P<0.01),具有剂量依赖性;C(40,160μg/mL)能显著抑制IL-6的表达(P<0.05),D(160μg/mL)能显著抑制IL-6的表达(P<0.05);C、D(160μg/mL)能显著降低MMP-3含量(P<0.05);A、B、D(160μg/mL)可抑制PGE 2的表达(P<0.05),C(40、160μg/mL)能显著抑制PGE 2的表达(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:苦皮藤可抑制HFLS-RA增殖及其分泌IL-1、IL-6、MMP-3、PGE 2的能力。     

疏肝理脾止泻汤治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察疏肝理脾止泻汤治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将46例门诊及住院患者按掷骰子法简单随机分为两组。对照组23例洛哌丁胺,未成年2mg/次,成人4mg/次,3次/d。治疗组23例疏肝理脾止泻汤(诃子煨、白术、柴胡、陈皮各12g,鸡内金、延胡索、山楂各15g,香附、防风、枳壳各10g,甘草炙5g,麦芽20g,白芍30g),1剂/d,水煎400m L,早晚温服。连续28d为1疗程。观测临床症状、IBS-QOL、HAMA、症候积分、不良反应。连续治疗2疗程,判定疗效。[结果]治疗组痊愈18例,显效2例,有效1例,无效2例,总有效率91.30%。对照组痊愈11例,显效3例,有效3例,无效6例,总有效率73.91%。治疗组疗效优于对照组(P0.05)。相关积分两组均有改善(P0.05),治疗组改善优于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]疏肝理脾止泻汤治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征效果显著,值得推广。     

Antinociceptive and antidepressant like effects of Securidaca longepedunculata root extract in mice

The aqueous root extract of Securidaca longepedunculata (polygalaceae) was investigated for possible antinociceptive and central nervous system (CNS) effects in mice. Three nociceptive models; acetic acid, formalin and tail-flick tests were used to study the antinociceptive activity. Rectal temperature test was employed as an adjunct to the nociceptive models. The extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly and dose dependently reduced the nociception induced by the acetic acid and in the early phase of formalin test (P<0.05). The extract exerted significant (P<0.05) hypothermic effect in the 15 and 30 min of the rectal temperature test. The antinociceptive and hypothermic effects were partially reversed by naloxone (1mg/kg). The tail-flick test produced an insignificant increase in tail-flick latency at 400 mg/kg after 60 min of the test, but significantly (P<0.05) increase tail-flick latency in the 400mg/kg group of animals pre-treated with naloxone (1 mg/kg) after 120 min of the test. The extract also produced a significant (P<0.05) naloxone reversible antidepressant like effect in the forced swimming test (an animal model of depression). Collectively, these results suggest that the extract possess antinociceptive and antidepressant like effects with possible involvement of opioidergic pathways. The extract at limit dose of 2 g/kg body weight appeared to be safe in oral formulation.     

华蟾素注射液经药盒持续灌注联合中药治疗胃肠道肿瘤肝转移的临床研究

目的观察华蟾素注射液经左锁骨下动脉植入药盒持续泵注联合中药治疗胃肠道肿瘤肝转移的临床疗效。方法将50例胃肠道肿瘤肝转移患者随机分为中药组和对照组,各25例。对照组经左锁骨下动脉植入药盒注入5-FU、DDP;中药组经左锁骨下动脉植入药盒注入华蟾素注射液,同时结合内服中药;两组均以4周为1个治疗周期,共治疗6个周期,观察患者临床症状、生活质量、不良反应以及细胞免疫功能变化情况,并随访中位生存期及1年生存率。结果中药组、对照组总有效率分别为68.0%、40.0%,组间临床疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组治疗前后组内比较,生活质量评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);组间治疗后比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗前后组内比较,CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组CD3、CD4/CD8差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间治疗后比较,CD4/CD8差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间毒副反应情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。中药组1年生存率为80.0%,中位生存期为18.38个月;对照组1年生存率为76.0%,中位生存期为17.63个月;组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论华蟾素注射液经药盒持续灌注联合中药可改胃肠肿瘤肝转移患者的临床症状,提高生存质量和细胞免疫功能,可有效用于胃肠道肿瘤肝转移的治疗。     

Toxicological evaluation of the hydroethanol extract of Tabernaemontana crassa (Apocynaceae) stem bark

Aim

Tabernaemontana crassa Benth. is a medicinal plant widely used in Cameroon folk medicine to treat a variety of affections. This study was aimed at evaluating its toxicological profile.

Materials and methods

The 70% (v/v) hydroethanol (HE) extract from the stem bark of this plant was given to albino Wistar rats by oral gavage to study the acute and sub-acute toxicities.

Results

The results of histopathological studies revealed that there was a dose-related effect in liver, lungs and kidneys and that there was no difference in tissue profile of control group and those receiving 6 weeks daily treatment of 0.5 g/kg b.w. The result of the acute toxicity indicated the medium lethal dose (LD50) of 6.75 g/kg body weight (b.w.) after 48 h of treatment and the significant variation (P < 0.05) of the relative body weight, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil) and creatinine (SCr) at the dose of 6 g/kg b.w. These results also indicated significant variation of the liver alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ALT, total proteins (TP), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and renal creatinine (RCr) and urea (RU) at 6 g/kg b.w. The result of the sub-acute toxicity showed significant changes in the body weight but no modification (P > 0.05) of blood and liver indices for the animal taking 6 weeks daily doses of the HE compared to the control group.

Conclusions

The results showed that this extract was fairly non-toxic but that consumption of higher doses up to 6 g/kg b.w. could cause organ injuries. Moderated consumption of small doses up to 0.5 g/kg b.w. daily for 6 weeks appeared to be safe.     

保济丸粉对小鼠腹泻及肠运动的影响

目的:观察保济丸粉辐照前后对小鼠的腹泻及肠运动的影响.方法:采用蓖麻油致小鼠腹泻模型,观察辐射前后保济丸粉的止泻作用;采用溴吡斯的明致小鼠肠运动亢进模型观察对炭末推进的影响,观察对小鼠不同肠段水分吸收的影响.以上实验辐照前后保济丸粉剂量均为给生药1.3,2.6,5.2 g·kg-1,ig,连续3d.结果:保济丸粉辐照前后可显著延长蓖麻油致小鼠腹泻的起始时间(开始排湿粪时间),显著减少腹泻次数(排泄湿粪次数),与模型对照组比较,P＜0.01;可显著抑制溴吡斯的明所致小鼠小肠运动亢进作用,与模型对照组比较,P ＜0.01或P＜0.05;可显著减少小鼠大肠与小肠水分含量,与正常对照组比较,P＜0.01或P＜0.05.结论:保济丸粉辐照前后均可止泻和抑制肠运动,其止泻作用可能是通过抑制肠运动及减少小鼠肠腔内水分所致.保济丸粉辐照前后的作用比较,差异无显著性.     

Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of individual and combined extracts from Commiphora myrrha, and Boswellia carterii

Aim of the study

The Chinese herbs of myrrh and frankincense are often combined for treating some inflammatory pain diseases with synergistic therapeutic effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of individual herbal extracts and combined extract on anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in vivo and analyzed the potential bioactive components from the combination extract by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrum (UPLC-MS/MS).

Materials and methods

The anti-inflammatory activities were investigated by utilizing the paw edema mice induced by formalin and carrageenan. In addition, we determined the levels of PGE₂ and nitrite in the edema paw. The analgesic activity was examined against oxytocin-induced dysmenorrhea in mice. The effects of the administration of dolantin or indomethacin were also studied for references. The components in combination extract (CWE) were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS.

Results

The results showed that myrrh water extract (MWE) and the combined extract (CWE) at the 3.9 g/kg, and 5.2 g/kg showed inhibition of formalin-induced paw edema with inhibition rate of 30.44%, and 23.50%, respectively. The PGE₂ production was inhibited significantly by all samples (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). CWE showed stronger suppression on carrageenan-induced mice paw edema at 2 and 3 h after administration of drugs. The inhibitory effect of CWE on nitrite production was between that of MWE and water extract of frankincense (FWE) at 5.2 g/kg. The dysmenorrhea mice test showed MWE could remarkably reduce the writhing times (P < 0.05) and prolong the latency period, while FWE showed no obvious effects on the writhing times. CWE significantly reduced the writhing times and prolong the latency period (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

These results demonstrated MWE, FWE, and CWE exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. The findings suggest that CWE may be therapeutically more useful for mitigating inflammatory pain than individual herbal extract. In addition, 12 potential active compounds were identified from CWE. These data may support the fact the traditional application of this combined extract in treating various diseases associated with inflammatory pain.