白介素-4 C590T基因多态性与血清白介素-4水平及动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗死的关系

目的探讨白介素(IL)-4C590T基因多态性与血清IL-4水平以及动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗死(ATCI)的关系。方法采用PCR-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测159例ATCI患者和151名健康正常对照者的IL-4C590T基因的单核苷酸多态性,用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测正常对照组的血清IL-4水平。结果正常对照组IL-4C590T基因TT型的血清IL-4水平[(31.85±5.68)pg/ml]显著高于TC型[(28.67±6.00)pg/ml]和CC型[(20.98±0.99)pg/ml],TC型又显著高于CC型(均P<0.01)。ATCI组与正常对照组IL-4C590T基因型和等位基因频率的分布差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论IL-4590T等位基因与高血清IL-4水平有关,IL-4C590T基因多态性与ATCI的发病无明显关系。     

载脂蛋白(a)基因增强子DH Ⅲ多态性与湖南地区汉族人群动脉粥样硬化血栓性脑梗死的相关性

目的研究载脂蛋白(a)基因DHⅢ增强子-1230A/G多态性与湖南地区汉族人群动脉粥样硬化血栓性脑梗死的关系。方法应用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术及DNA序列测定法检测湖南地区汉族人群134例动脉粥样硬化血栓性脑梗死患者、110名健康对照者的载脂蛋白(a)基因DHⅢ增强子-1230A/G多态,同时用免疫比浊法检测所有研究对象的血浆脂蛋白(a)水平。结果在动脉粥样硬化血栓性脑梗死组载脂蛋白(a)基因DHⅢ增强子-1230 A/G多态G等位基因频率(0.728)明显高于对照组(0.618;P=0.01);GG型频率(0.500)明显高于对照组(0.400;P0.05)。动脉粥样硬化血栓性脑梗死组各基因型血浆脂蛋白(a)水平均明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论载脂蛋白(a)基因DHⅢ增强子-1230 A/G多态性可能与中国湖南地区汉族人群动脉粥样硬化血栓性脑梗死有关;G等位基因可能是动脉粥样硬化血栓性脑梗死的危险因素之一。     

The effect of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 4G/5G polymorphism on the thrombotic risk

Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), is the central component of the fibrinolytic system. A deletion/insertion (4G/5G) polymorphism in the promoter region of the PAI-1 gene has been correlated with levels of plasma PAI-1. The 4G allele is associated with higher levels of PAI-1, and might increase the risk for intravascular thrombosis. However, the contribution of this genetic variant to the risk for thrombosis, both arterial and venous, has not been clearly established. A broad spectrum of findings regarding the effect of the 4G allele on thrombotic risk in different target organs has been reported. Our aim is to summarize the variable influence of this polymorphism on thrombotic events in different tissues or organs and explain the underlying mechanisms accounting for these differences.     

Relationships between fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and their gene polymorphisms in current smokers with essential hypertension

Background: To elucidate the role of some haemostatic gene polymorphisms and environmental factors, we studied fibrinogen (Fb), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) levels with respect to Fb G455A and PAI-1 4G/5G gene polymorphisms in smokers and nonsmokers with essential hypertension. Material and methods: The study was done in 90 patients (including 30 smokers) with essential hypertension (HT) and 40 controls (including 8 smokers). Fb and PAI-1 genotypes were PCR identified. The groups did not differ significantly as to genotype frequencies. Results: When allele A455 carriers were compared, HT patients had significantly higher Fb (p=0.015) and t-PA levels (p=0.013). Comparison of 4G allele carriers (4G/4G homozygotes) revealed significantly higher Fb (p=0.045), PAI-1 (p=0.009), and t-PA levels (p=0.007) in HT patients than controls. Interactions of Fb and PAI-1 gene polymorphisms with smoking were disclosed in HT patients only. Allele A455-carrying HT smokers compared with nonsmokers had significantly higher t-PA (12.1±5.8 vs. 7.4±3.1 ng/ml; p=0.002) and tendency to higher Fb (3.36±0.74 vs. 2.95±0.70 g/l; p=0.075) levels. Higher Fb levels were disclosed in 4G/4G smokers than nonsmokers (3.31±0.81 vs. 2.84±0.85 g/l; p=0.064). Finally, in smokers, significantly higher levels of PAI-1 were found in 4G/4G (42.1±29.4 ng/ml) as compared with 4G/5G (18.6±13.7 ng/ml; p=0.025) and 5G/5G (14.4±10.8 ng/ml; p=0.044) genotypes. Conclusions: Smoking potentiates the prothrombotic effect of allele A455 and PAI-1 4G/4G genotype in untreated essential hypertension, reflected by increased levels of haemostatic risk factors and accelerated progression of cardiovascular diseases.     

神经元型一氧化氮合酶基因多态性与脑梗死的相关性

目的探讨神经元型一氧化氮合酶(NOS1)基因多态性与脑梗死发病的关系。方法以rs9658281和rs2682820位点为遗传标记,采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和限制性片断长度多态性(RFLP)技术检测605例脑梗死患者和313例对照组人群的基因型。结果Rs9658281位点G等位基因频率较对照组明显增高(χ2=3.906,P=0.048,OR=1.362,95%CI1.003～1.850),这种差异在女性明显(χ2=6.689,P=0.010,OR=1.913,95%CI1.170～3.167)。Rs9658281位点的GG基因型频率较对照组明显增高(χ2=5.322,P=0.021,OR=1.473,95%CI1.060～2.047),这种差异在女性明显(χ2=9.299,P=0.002,OR=2.315,95%CI1.349～3.972)。经过多因素回归分析调整了传统危险因素的影响后,两组间仍有显著性差异(P=0.023)。Rs2682820位点的基因型频率和等位基因频率在脑梗死组和对照组的分布无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论神经元型一氧化氮合酶(NOS1)基因rs9658281位点多态性与脑梗死的发病可...     

TNF-a (-238G/A and -308G/A) gene polymorphisms may not contribute to the risk of ischemic stroke

Background: The common and major pathological change in ischemic stroke is atherosclerosis in the artery. Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) is closely related to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of our study was to investigate whether TNF-a gene variants (-238G/A and -308G/A) are associated with ischemic stroke. Methods: A total of 619 ischemic stroke patients and 612 controls were recruited to estimate the frequencies of two TNF-a (-238G/A and -308G/A) single nucleotide polymorphisms using a Sequenom MassARRAY time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The association between TNF-a gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk was evaluated by computing the odds ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval with multivariate unconditional logistic regression analyses. Results: The OR results indicated that no significant associations were found between TNF-a gene (-238G/A and -308G/A) polymorphisms and the risk of ischemic stroke using five genetic models, including the allele model (A vs. G), co-dominant model 1 (GA vs. GG), co-dominant model 2 (AA vs. GG), the dominant model (AA+GA vs. GG), and the recessive model (GG+GA vs. AA). Conclusions: The TNF-a (-238G/A and -308G/A) gene polymorphisms may not be a susceptible predictor of ischemic stroke in Chinese populations.     

血清对氧磷酶L55M基因多态性与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的关系

目的 探讨中国湖南汉族人群血清对氧磷酶（PON1）L55M基因多态性与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死（ACI）的关系。方法 筛选153例ACI及153名健康人群为研究对象。采用聚合酶链式-限制性片段长度多态性办法检测PON1-L55M基因多态性。结果 在研究总人群中没有发现MM基因型。ACI组LL、LM基因犁频率分别为96．7％、3．3％,L、M等位基因频率分别为0．991、0．016;正常对照组LL、LM基因型频率为93.5％和6．5％．L、M等位基因频率分别为0．968和0．032。PON1-L55M各基因型和等位基因频率在ACI和正常对照组分布差异无显著性。结论 PON1-L55M基因多态性可能与中国湖南汉族人群ACI发病无关。     

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G polymorphism and endometriosis. Influence of PAI-1 polymorphism on PAI-1 antigen and mRNA expression

Introduction

Endometriosis is a benign gynecologic disease with a high prevalence. It is a multifactorial and polygenic entity in which the fibrinolytic system may be implicated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G polymorphism in a group of women with and without endometriosis and to analyze the influence of this polymorphism in PAI-1 expression in endometrial tissue and peritoneal fluid.

Material and methods

In 389 women (170 patients with endometriosis and 219 controls) PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism was determined by PCR amplification using allele-specific primers. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay was used to quantify PAI-1 mRNA and PAI-1 antigen (ag) levels were quantified by ELISA.

Results

The genotype and allele frequencies of PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism did not differ significantly between patients and controls. Control women with the 4G/4G genotype had higher endometrial PAI-1ag (P = 0.026) and mRNA (P = 0.014) levels than those with the 5G/5G genotype. Control carrying the 4G/4G genotype tended to have higher peritoneal fluid PAI-1ag levels than those carrying the 5G/5G genotype. Moreover, PAI-1ag levels in peritoneal fluid were higher in patients than in controls (P = 0.003).

Conclusions

The PAI-1 genotype distribution was similar in patients and controls. PAI-1 levels in endometrial tissue and peritoneal fluid seem to be associated with PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism in controls. The increased PAI-1ag levels observed in peritoneal fluid from patients could contribute to increase the peritoneal adhesions observed in endometriosis.     

Association of glutathione S-transferase T1 and M1 gene polymorphisms with ischemic stroke risk in the Chinese Han population

Atherosclerosis plays an important role in ischemic stroke, and oxidative stress participates in the entire process of atherosclerosis. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) acting with other antioxidant enzymes can eliminate reactive oxygen species and protect cells against oxidative damage. To assess the association of glutathione S-transferase (GSTT1 and GSTM1) gene polymorphisms with ischemic stroke in the Chinese Han population, the present study selected 315 patients with ischemic stroke and 210 healthy controls for comparison. GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reactions, electrophoresis and imaging analysis. No obvious evidence of GSTT1-null, GSTM1-null and GSTT1/GSTM1-double null genotype distribution differences was found between case and control groups or between genders. Subgroup analysis showed that the risk of stroke was increased when hypertension was accompanied by GSTT1-null (odds ratio (OR) = 2.996, P < 0.001) and GSTM1-null (OR = 3.680, P < 0.001) genotypes; diabetes mellitus was accompanied by GSTT1-null (OR = 1.860, P = 0.031) and GSTM1-null (OR = 2.444, P = 0.002) genotypes, and smokers showed a GSTT1-null genotype (OR = 2.276, P = 0.003). GSTT1- and GSTM1-null genotypes may interact synergistically with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking to increase the incidence risk of ischemic stroke.     

广东汉族人群Toll样受体4基因多态性与颅内外动脉粥样硬化及脑梗死的关系

目的 探讨广东汉族人群Toll样受体4(TLR4)基因A299G和C399T多态性与颅内外动脉粥样硬化及脑梗死的关系.方法 住院及门诊的广东汉族患者200例,根据临床表现、头颅影像学、全脑血管造影、颈动脉彩超或经颅多普勒超声(TCD)检查结果及伴有的脑卒中危险因素分为5组,(1)脑梗死并颅内外动脉粥样硬化性狭窄组(40例),(2)脑梗死无颅内外动脉粥样硬化性狭窄组(40例),(3)颅内外动脉粥样硬化性狭窄而无脑梗死组(40例),(4)有≥3种脑血管病危险因素而无颅内外动脉粥样硬化性狭窄及脑梗死组(40例),(5)正常对照组(40例).采用DNA测序法检测各组TLR4基因中A299G和C399T的基因型和等位基因频率.结果 各组均未见TLR4基因中A299G和C399T多态性的存在.结论 广东汉族人群TLR4基因A299G和C399T多态性可能与颅内外动脉粥样硬化及脑梗死无相关性.     

血管紧张素转换酶I/D和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体-1A1166C基因多态性与脑梗死的关系

目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因I/D多态性和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体-1(AT1R)A1166C基因多态性与脑梗死(CI)的关系。方法应用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片断长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术检测88例CI患者和90名健康对照者的ACE和AT1R基因型和等位基因频率,并进行比较。结果CI组AT1R基因AC基因型频率为31.8%,C等位基因频率15.9%,明显高于正常对照组(11.1%,5.6%)(均P<0.05);同时携带AT1R基因AC基因型和ACE基因DD基因型的个体CI的患病危险度为4.070(P<0.05);同时携带AT1R基因AC基因型和ACE基因ID基因型的个体CI的患病危险度为2.057(P>0.05)。结论AT1R基因A1166C基因多态性可能是CI发病的遗传因素;与ACE基因DD基因型间具有协同致CI作用。     

凝血因子Ⅱ、Ⅴ基因多态性与脑梗死的关联研究

目的探讨中国湖南长沙地区汉族人群中凝血因子Ⅱ(FⅡ)、凝血因子Ⅴ(FⅤ)基因单核苷酸多态性与脑梗死之间的关联。方法采用PCR及飞行时间质谱技术对351例确诊为脑梗死的汉族患者(病例组)及417例对照组FⅡ基因rs1799963位点、FⅤ基因rs6025位点进行基因分型。结果病例组FⅡ基因rs1799963位点基因型均为G/G,对照组中基因型为G/G和A/G。病例组与对照组中FⅤ基因rs6025位点基因型均为G/G。对基因型及等位基因频率进行χ2检验示,病例组FⅡ基因rs1799963位点的基因型分布与对照组相比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);病例组等位基因频率与对照组相比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析示,FⅡ基因rs1799963位点多态性与脑梗死不相关(P0.05)。结论 FⅡ基因rs1799963位点多态性和FⅤ基因rs6025位点多态性均可能与中国长沙汉族人群脑梗死之间不存在关联。     

C反应蛋白1059G/C基因多态性与脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的探讨C反应蛋白(CRP)1059G/C基因多态性与脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法对126例急性脑梗死患者进行颈动脉超声检测,根据双侧颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(CIMT)分为颈动脉粥样硬化组和无颈动脉粥样硬化组。采用PCR法检测CRP基因1059G/C多态性。对结果进行组间比较并分析。结果颈动脉超声检测结果显示,颈动脉粥样硬化组71例(56.3%),非颈动脉粥样硬化组55例(43.7%)。颈动脉粥样硬化组CRP 1059G/C基因G/G基因型比例、G等位基因频率明显高于非颈动脉粥样硬化组(均P0.05)。颈动脉粥样硬化组CRP 1059G/C基因G/C基因型比例、C等位基因频率明显低于非颈动脉粥样硬化组(均P0.05)。结论 CRP 1059G/C基因多态性可能与脑梗死患者动脉粥样硬化有关。CRP 1059G/C基因G/G基因型可能是影响脑梗死患者动脉粥样硬化的进程的危险因素之一。     

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) 4 G/5 G polymorphism and endometrial cancer. Influence of PAI-1 polymorphism on tissue PAI-1 antigen and mRNA expression and tumor severity

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G polymorphism may have significance for PAI-1 expression. High levels of PAI-1 in endometrial cancer patients are associated with a poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism in women with and without endometrial cancer and to analyze the influence of this polymorphism on PAI-1 expression in endometrial tissue.In 423 women (212 patients with endometrial cancer and 211 controls) PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism was determined by PCR amplification using allele-specific primers. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay was used to quantify PAI-1 mRNA and PAI-1 protein levels were quantified by ELISA in tissue extracts from 33 patients with endometrial cancer and from 70 endometrial tissues from control women. The frequency of PAI-1 4G/4G genotype (P = 0.010) and the PAI-1 4G allele (P = 0.009) was significantly higher in patients than in controls. The frequency of PAI-1 4G allele was significantly higher in patients with stage IB than in those with stage IA (P = 0.03). Control women with the 4G/4G genotype had higher endometrial PAI-1 protein (P = 0.018) and mRNA (P = 0.004) levels than those with the 5G/5G genotype. A significant increase in PAI-1 protein and mRNA was observed in endometrial cancer tissue in comparison with the endometrial tissue from control women (P < 0.01). In conclusion, frequencies of the PAI-1 4G allele and 4G/4G genotype were found significantly more often in women with endometrial cancer than in controls. PAI-1 levels in endometrial tissue seem to be associated with PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism. These findings suggest that the PAI-1 4G/4G genotype may be associated with the risk of endometrial cancer in a Caucasian population. Further studies with a larger number of patients are needed to clarify the influence of this PAI-1 polymorphism in endometrial cancer.     

CTLA4 exon 1 and promoter polymorphisms in patients with multiple sclerosis

Objective – The polymorphisms of exon 1 (+49 A/G) and promoter regions (?1722 T/C, ?1661 A/G and ?318 C/T)of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and also haplotypes constructed from mentioned loci were investigated amongst 153 Iranian patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS) and 190 healthy controls. Methods – The polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphisms and PCR‐amplification refractory mutation system. The 4‐locus haplotypes were estimated by Arlequin software (University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland). Results – Preliminary results showed significant increase of +49 G allele and ?1661 AG genotype, as well as TGCA haplotype among patients than controls (P < 0.036, P = 0.009 and P < 0.010, respectively). The distribution of ?1722 T/C, ?1661 A/G, ?318 C/T and +49 A/G (TACA) haplotype, from the contrary, was observed to be significantly increased among controls (P < 0.001). Conclusions – After Bonferroni correction, the results provide preliminary evidence that CTLA4 genetic variation at ?1661 locus may render Iranian individuals to be more susceptible to MS, whereas harboring TACA haplotype might be protective.     

5-羟色胺1A受体基因C(-1019)G多态性与精神分裂症的关联分析

目的:探讨云南地区汉族人群中5-羟色胺1A(5-HT1A)受体基因C(-1019)G多态性与精神分裂症的关联,及其对症状组成、前额叶执行功能的可能影响. 方法:应用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)、外显攻击量表(OAS)等评定患者症状,威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)评定精神分裂症和正常人前额叶执行功能.142例精神分裂症患者和84名正常对照分别用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法进行基因分型. 结果:云南地区汉族人群中,5-HT1A受体基因启动子区C(-1019)G多态性在精神分裂症和正常人之间的各量表分差异有显著性(P=0.001).C(-1019)G多态性对PANSS中因子被动淡漠性社会退缩(N4)(P=0.010)、言语缺乏主动性和流畅性(N6)(P=0.004)、阴性症状总分(NT)(P=0.013)、紧张(G4)(P=0.005)、自发社交回避(G16)(P=0.013),以及BPRS中的因子4激活性(P=0.026)等条目得分的形成影响有显著性.C(-1019)G多态性与WCST各条目不相关. 结论:云南地区汉族人群中,5-HT1A受体基因启动子区C(-1019)G多态性与精神分裂症显著相关,对精神分裂症症状组成可能起一定作用,但与WCST反映的前额叶执行功能状态并无显著相关.