急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺组织中Smac/DIABLO、XIAP mRNA的表达及其意义

目的 检测急性胰腺炎(AP)大鼠胰腺组织中促凋亡基因Smac/DIABLO和凋亡抑制基因XIAP的mRNA表达,分析其与疾病严重程度的关系.方法 54只SD大鼠按数字表法随机分成假手术组、急性水肿性胰腺炎(AEP)组、急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)组.通过胰胆管逆行注射1%、3.5%脱氧胆酸钠方法分别制备AEP、ANP模型.收集制模后3、6、12 h胰腺标本,常规病理检查;TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡;实时定量PCR法检测Smac/DIABLO、XIAP mRNA的表达.结果 胰腺病理改变表示模型制备成功.术后6 h假手术组、AEP组、ANP组胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡指数分别为0.67±0.82、6.62±0.78和4.70±0.82,各组间相差显著(P＜0.05).AEP组Smac/DIABLO mRNA的表达随时间延长而逐渐增加,ANP组则随时间延长而逐渐下降,以假手术组为参考,6 h时AEP组和ANP组的表达量分别为2.41±0.92和1.47±0.53,相差显著(P＜0.05).相反,AEP组XIAP mRNA的表达随时间延长逐渐下降,而ANP组表达逐渐增加,6 h时表达量分别为5.51±1.07和6.99±1.00,相差显著(P＜0.05).结论 AP时胰腺组织Smac/DIABLO mRNA的表达与细胞凋亡指数一致,与病情严重程度相反,而XIAP mRNA的表达与病情严重程度一致.XIAP、Smac/DIABLO基因参与细胞凋亡的调节.     

急性梗阻性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡的变化

目的:结合胆管压力的变化来探讨胰腺炎轻重程度与胆胰管梗阻时间及腺泡细胞凋亡的关系．方法:采用结扎胆胰管的方法制成胰腺炎模型．分别于梗阻后4、8、12 h以及解除梗阻后1、3 d分别测定胆管压力．流式细胞分析法检测胰腺腺泡细胞Annexin V-FITC／PI和 Caspase-3的表达．结果:与正常对照组(16．42±1．03)相比,随着梗阻时间的延长,胆管压力明显增高(4,8, 12 h分别为49．98±3．05,90．20±8．66,589．00 ±60．10),而在解除梗阻后,压力迅速下降并在1 d即恢复正常(1,3 d分别为17．50±2．84, 16．37±0．46),变化显著(P<0．01)．AnnexinV- FITC／PI检测显示梗阻4 h时细胞凋亡较多, 至梗阻12 h时,腺泡细胞凋亡明显减少而坏死增加;在解除梗阻后,随着时间的延长凋亡明显增多,坏死逐渐减少,变化显著(P<0．01)． Caspase-3检测显示在梗阻4 h时凋亡表达最高,梗阻8 h已明显减少,12 h则以坏死为主要表达方式;解除梗阻后1 d仍以坏死为主,到第3天则表现出大量的凋亡,变化显著 (P<0．01)．结论:胆管压力升高引起的胆胰液返流是胰腺炎的发病机制之一,并可引起胰腺腺泡细胞的凋亡减少,而早期恢复正常胆胰管压力可使细胞凋亡增多,有效的阻止急性胰腺炎的病情发展．     

TNF-α抑制剂对重症急性胰腺炎细胞凋亡及Caspase-3表达的影响

目的:研究重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠细胞凋亡、Caspase-3表达及其与疾病严重程度的关系.方法:40只SD大鼠随机分成对照组(SAP组,胆管逆行性注射牛磺胆酸钠制备SAP模型,n=20),实验组(干预组,SAP模型制作成功后,注射重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体融合蛋白,n=20).测定两组血清淀粉酶和TNF-α亮含量,采用免疫组化法分析Caspase-3的表达,运用TUNEL技术检测胰腺细胞的凋亡,并对胰腺组织进行病理学评分.结果:与SAP组比较,干预组的血清淀粉酶、TNF-α、胰腺组织病理学评分较低(6868.80+595.50 U/L vs 5434.20±481.52 U/L.258.46±38.57 ng/L vs 182.00±19.67 ng/L.15.54±2.30vs 11.06±1.09,均P＜0.05),Caspase-3阳性率和和胰腺细胞的凋亡指数显著升高(20.06±2.17vs 28.52±3.74,10.42±1.27 vs 16.23±2.43,均P＜0.05).结论:SAP时胰腺细胞发生凋亡时伴随Caspase-3的高表达,而炎症反应和胰腺组织病理学评分得到改善.     

PIAS1基因沉默对雨蛙肽诱导胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡的影响

活化STAT蛋白抑制物(PIAS)1基因沉默可增强雨蛙肽诱导的胰腺腺泡细胞炎症反应。目的:探讨PIAS1基因沉默对雨蛙肽刺激胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡的影响。方法:AR42J胰腺腺泡细胞在Lipofectamine~(TM)2000介导下转染PIAS1-siRNA和阴性siRNA。将细胞分为PIAS1-siRNA+雨蛙肽组、阴性siRNA+雨蛙肽组、脂质体+雨蛙肽组、PBS+雨蛙肽组和对照组。以DNA Ladder、Hoechst 33258染色检测细胞凋亡情况,流式细胞术测定细胞周期和细胞凋亡率,RT-PCR和蛋白质印迹法检测1353、Bax、Bcl-2、caspase-3 mRNA和蛋白表达。结果:与其余各组相比,PIAS1-siRNA+雨蛙肽组DNA梯度裂解条带明显增加,荧光着色阳性细胞数增多;G1期细胞数增多,S期细胞数减少,细胞凋亡率增加;p53、Bax、caspase-3 mRNA和蛋白表达明显上调,Bcl-2 mRNA和蛋白表达下调(P均0.05)。结论:PIAS1基因沉默可增强雨蛙肽活化的caspase-3凋亡途径诱导的胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡,为通过调控PIAS1表达治疗急性胰腺炎提供新的理论依据。     

高脂血症对急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺NF-κB活化及腺泡细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨高脂血症对急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠胰腺组织病理损伤程度、NF-κB活化及胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡的影响.方法 50只雄性SD大鼠随机分成对照组、高脂血症组(HL组)、ANP组及HL+ANP组.对照组予均衡饲料喂养2周,仅开、关腹;HL组脂肪乳灌胃2周后开、关腹;ANP组予均衡饲料喂养2周后采用胰胆管注射牛磺胆酸钠制备ANP模型;HL+ANP组在脂肪乳灌胃2周后制备ANP模型.免疫组化法检测胰腺组织NF-κBp5及Fas、FasL蛋白表达,TUNEL法检测胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡.结果 HL组和HL+ANP组大鼠的血脂明显升高.HL组胰腺见部分细胞有脂质空泡形成,中等量炎症细胞浸润;NF-κB活化轻度增强;凋亡蛋白Fas、FasL表达也有所增强;凋亡指数从(0.62±0.28)%增加到(3.35±1.12)%.ANP组胰腺大片坏死,大量炎症细胞浸润;大量腺胞细胞核有NF-κBp65表达;Fas与FasL表达亦明显增强;凋亡指数为(2.20±1.78)%.HL+ANP组的胰腺坏死较ANP组更严重(3.4±0.7比2.4±1.1,P<0.05),NF-κB p65的表达阳性率及强度较ANP组更高;Fas与FasL的表达较ANP组有所减弱;凋亡指数为(0.93±0.87)%,较ANP组明显降低(P<0.05).结论 高血脂能增强ANP大鼠胰腺NF-κB的活化,抑制腺泡细胞的凋亡,减少Fas与FasL的表达,加重胰腺组织坏死,故必须控制高血脂以减轻胰腺炎的损伤程度.     

Toll受体4在急性胰腺炎引起的血-脑脊液屏障通透性增高中的作用

目的 研究Toll受体4(toll receptor-4,TLR-4)在急性胰腺炎(AP)合并中枢神经系统(CNS)损伤中的作用.方法 将64只SD大鼠分为8组:对照组;急性水肿性胰腺炎(AEP)2、6 h组;急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)2、6、12、24、48 h组,每组8只.测定血-脑脊液屏障(BBB)通透性、胰腺病理损伤程度、组织TLR-4的表达,并分析其相互关系.结果 对照组,AEP2、6 h组,ANP 2、6、12、24、48 h组的BBB通透性分别为1.55±0.29、1.64±0.17、1.69±0.24、1.89±0.12、2.66±0.32、2.91.4±0.29、2.89±0.69和1.84±0.07;胰腺病理分值分别为0、2.38±0.92、3.13±0.64、8.50±1.07、9.75±0.71、10.25±1.28、1 1.13±1.25和10.13±1.13.AEP组与对照组无显著筹异,ANP各组较AEP组显著升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).BBB通透性与胰腺损伤呈正相关(r=0.626,P＜0.01).对照组和AEP组无TLR-4mRNA和蛋白表达,而ANP各组明显表达,其表达水平与BBB通透性水平呈正相关(r=0.208,P=0.027).结论 ANP时存在BBB通透性的升高,CNS内TLR-4信号途径的激活可能参与了ANP所引起的血-脑脊液屏障通透性的升高.     

PTD-NBD多肽对大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞炎性反应的抑制作用

目的: 探讨透细胞性PTD-NBD多肽对脂多糖诱导的炎性效应的干预与作用机制.方法: 以脂多糖刺激大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞AR42J,构建急性胰腺炎的体外模型. 不同浓度免疫缺陷性病毒PTD多肽蛋白转导功能区与野生型NBD多肽融合成PTD-NBD多肽, 对AR42J细胞进行预处理, 突变型PTD-NBD(MT)多肽、PTD、NBD为对照. RT-PCR法观察ICAM-1及IL-1β mRNA的表达;定量酶联免疫吸附法检测培养液上清中IL-1β蛋白浓度的改变.结果: 透细胞性PTD-NBD多肽可以抑制脂多糖诱导的AR42J炎症细胞因子ICAM-1和IL-1β mRNA及蛋白的表达, 且呈剂量依赖方式.PTD-NBD(WT)多肽与单纯NBD多肽、突变型PTD-NBD(MT)多肽及PTD组比较(相对灰度值: 0.449±0.088 vs 1.132±0.069, 1.158±0.095, 1.206±0.078), 能够抑制ICAM-1 mRNA表达. 上述4组的IL-1β mRNA相对灰度值分别为0.526±0.077, 0.993±0.065, 1.143±0.086和1.128±0.117, IL-1β蛋白表达分别为278.82±61.80 ng/L、898.08±74.65 ng/L、945.25±42.49 ng/L和947.86±38.66 ng/L, 结果显示后3组不能抑制IL-1β mRNA及其蛋白的表达.结论: PTD-NBD(WT)多肽可以呈剂量依赖方式抑制LPS诱导的AR42J促炎细胞因子IL-1β和ICAM-1的表达, 其可直接影响胰腺腺泡细胞炎性反应.     

重症急性胰腺炎外周血中性粒细胞凋亡及其调控机制的研究

目的 初步探讨重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)外周血中性粒细胞的凋亡及凋亡抑制蛋白survivin在SAP中性粒细胞凋亡延迟调控中的作用.方法　48只SD大鼠随机分为急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)组和假手术(SO)组.采用胰胆管逆行注射4%牛磺胆酸钠(1 ml/kg体重)制模,制模后24、48、72 h分别处死动物.取胰腺组织评估病理变化;TUNEL荧光标记法检测外周血中性粒细胞的凋亡;RT-PCR检测外周血中性粒细胞survivin mRNA的表达.结果　ANP组胰腺病理评分较(SO)组明显升高(P ＜ 0.05).ANP组中性粒细胞凋亡率较SO组明显降低,随时间延长更明显(P ＜ 0.05).ANP组中性粒细胞survivin mRNA水平均较SO组明显升高,且随时间延长更明显(P ＜ 0.05).ANP组中性粒细胞凋亡率分别与胰腺病理评分和survivin mRNA水平呈负相关(r = 0.97,r = 0.99, P ＜ 0.05).结论 ANP时外周血中性粒细胞凋亡明显延迟,survivin mRNA高表达,表明survivin在调控SAP外周血中性粒细胞凋亡延迟机制中可能具有重要作用.     

白藜芦醇下调线粒体DNA修复酶对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡的影响

目的:观察白藜芦醇对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)胰腺细胞凋亡的影响,探讨线粒体凋亡通路及线粒体DNA修复酶OGG1与SAP腺泡细胞凋亡的关系.方法:30只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组,只行开腹术,n=10),SAP模型组(SAP组,胆管逆行性注射牛黄胆酸钠制备SAP模型,n=10),白藜芦醇治疗组(Res组,SAP模型制作成功后,注射白藜芦醇溶液,n=10).测定各组血清淀粉酶,caspase-3,-9活性,高压液相色谱法测定线粒体DNA 8-氧鸟嘌呤(8-oxodG)含量,罗丹明123法测定线粒体膜电位,流式细胞法检测胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡,Western blot法测定细胞色素C释放及线粒体OGG1蛋白表达,并对胰腺组织进行病理学评分.结果:Res组与SAP组比较,血清胰淀粉酶、线粒体膜电位、线粒体OGG1蛋白表达量及胰腺病理损害评分显著降低(4761.98±501.45 vs7428.91±526.49,18.42±2.04 vs 22.01±2.93,73.97±6.49 vs 159.46±12.85.5.74±0.95 vs12.95±1.54,均P<0.05).胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡指数、线粒体细胞色素C释放、线粒体DNA8-oxodG含量及caspase-3,-9的活性显著升高(19.63±2.07 vs 12.45±1.93,174.31±15.93 vs100±0.00,0.0590±0.074 vs 0.0336±0.0061,2.37±0.35 vs 1.95±0.19.2.07±0.25 vs 1.62±0.15,均P<0.05).结论:白藜芦醇通过下调胰腺腺泡细胞线粒体DNA修复酶OGG1,增加SAP胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡以减轻胰腺组织病理损害,对SAP具有治疗意义.     

大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎脂质代谢的研究

目的 观察大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎时血脂的代谢及其对炎症的影响.方法 36只SD大鼠(250 g左右),随机分为对照组和急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)3 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h组,每组6只.除对照组外予胰管内逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠复制ANP大鼠模型,观察胰腺组织病理学和透射电镜的改变.检测各组血清淀粉酶、胆固醇、三酰甘油(TG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)和脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)含量.RT-PCR检测硬脂酰基辅酶A脱氢酶1(SCD1)和脂肪酸转移酶(CD36)mRNA的表达.结果 血清淀粉酶和胰腺病理学改变符合大鼠ANP改变特征,在12 h组淀粉酶和胰腺病理学改变达峰值.电镜下ANP各组腺泡细胞粗面内质网扩张、酶原颗粒增多.ANP各组血清TG和FFA水平较对照组增高,其中ANP 24 h组TG为(0.81 ± 0.35)mmol/L,与对照组差异显著(P ＜0.01);ANP 6 h组FFA为(1.32 ± 0.32)mmol/L,较对照组显著升高(P ＜0.05).但ANP组LPL活性较对照组下降,胰腺组织SCD1 mRNA和CD36 mRNA表达升高.结论 ANP大鼠出现血脂增高、脂质代谢相关酶表达异常、胰腺腺泡细胞内质网扩张等方面改变,提示ANP可诱发机体脂质代谢紊乱.     

妊娠时间与肺结核复发的相关性研究及诊治对策

目的 分析肺结核史患者妊娠时间和肺结核复发间相关性.方法 选取我院收治的有肺结核史的妊娠妇女576例作为研究对象,对其妊娠前肺结核治疗、治愈后妊娠时间、妊娠后复发肺结核等进行分析,总结有肺结核史育龄女性的妊娠时间和肺结核复发之间的关系.结果 肺结核治愈后不同时间段妊娠者的结核复发率比较,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）,停药后间隔时间越久妊娠,肺结核复发的几率越小.结论 加强孕期痰菌检查,及早发现复发肺结核,提高母婴安全.     

我国骨关节结核诊治的回顾与展望

骨关节结核是危害人们健康的严重感染性疾病,近95％由他处结核病继发而来.罹患骨关节结核疾病后几乎均将致残,严重影响人们的健康、工作和生活.建国以来在党和国家的关心和支持下,骨关节结核的诊治水平取得了长足进步.时至今日,由于多种原因,学科发展和被重视程度受到一定的制约,同整个医疗行业的发展不相适应.回顾过去,展望未来,我们需要重新审视骨关节结核的诊治方法,努力推进骨关节结核诊疗技术的科学发展.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fos and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44~(MAPK) and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between P42/44~(MAPK) and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Raf/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44~(MAPK), c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Overweight and Obesity and Progression of ADPKD

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Effects of sex and time of day on metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice

Non-invasive techniques to monitor stress hormones in small animals like mice offer several advantages and are highly demanded in laboratory as well as in field research. Since knowledge about the species-specific metabolism and excretion of glucocorticoids is essential to develop such a technique, we conducted radiometabolism studies in mice (Mus musculus f. domesticus, strain C57BL/6J). Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 740 kBq of 3H-labelled corticosterone and all voided urine and fecal samples were collected for five days. In a first experiment 16 animals (eight of each sex) received the injection at 9 a.m., while eight mice (four of each sex) were injected at 9 p.m. in a second experiment. In both experiments radioactive metabolites were recovered predominantly in the feces, although males excreted significantly higher proportions via the feces (about 73%) than females (about 53%). Peak radioactivity in the urine was detected within about 2h after injection, while in the feces peak concentrations were observed later (depending on the time of injection: about 10h postinjection in experiment 1 and about 4h postinjection in experiment 2, thus proving an effect of the time of day). The number and relative abundance of fecal [3H]corticosterone metabolites was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC separations revealed that corticosterone was extensively metabolized mainly to more polar substances. Regarding the types of metabolites formed, significant differences were found between males and females, but not between the experiments. Additionally, the immunoreactivity of these metabolites was assessed by screening the HPLC fractions with four enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, only a newly established EIA for 5alpha-pregnane-3beta,11beta,21-triol-20-one (measuring corticosterone metabolites with a 5alpha-3beta,11beta-diol structure) detected several peaks of radioactive metabolites with high intensity in both sexes, while the other EIAs showed only minor immunoreactivity. Thus, our study for the first time provides substantial information about metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice and is the first demonstrating a significant impact of the animals' sex and the time of day. Based on these data it should be possible to monitor adrenocortical activity non-invasively in this species by measuring fecal corticosterone metabolites with the newly developed EIA. Since mice are extensively used in research world-wide, this could open new perspectives in various fields from ecology to behavioral endocrinology.     

Replication and Inhibitors of Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses

The Enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus genera of the picornavirus family include many important human pathogens, including poliovirus, rhinovirus, EV-A71, EV-D68, and human parechoviruses (HPeV). They cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from a simple common cold to life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis and myocarditis. At the moment, no antiviral therapy is available against these viruses and it is not feasible to develop vaccines against all EVs and HPeVs due to the great number of serotypes. Therefore, a lot of effort is being invested in the development of antiviral drugs. Both viral proteins and host proteins essential for virus replication can be used as targets for virus inhibitors. As such, a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication is pivotal in the design of antiviral strategies goes hand in hand with a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication. In this review, we will give an overview of the current state of knowledge of EV and HPeV replication and how this can be inhibited by small-molecule inhibitors.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fas and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44MAPK and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between p42/44MAPK and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Rat/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44MAPK, c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

心电图、心电向量图与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析

目的:通过分析心电图(Electrocardiogram,ECG)和心电向量图(Vectorcardiogram,VCG)的改变与冠脉造影（CAG）结果进行对比,探讨ECG、VCG在冠状动脉病变中的诊断价值。方法: 选择2008年1月~2009年12月临床拟诊断为冠心病患者108例,行常规ECG、VCG检查,并于1周内进行CAG,对检查结果依据各自的诊断标准进行判定,以CAG为标准诊断法,利用四格表法,计算相关评价真实性的指标并进行比较。结果: ①VCG检测的灵敏度、特异度、准确度显著高于ECG(P<0.05,P<0．01)。②ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变支数组间比较:在单支病变、双支病变中,VCG阳性率明显高于ECG(P<0.05),左主干或三支病变无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变、双支病变阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01);VCG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变阳性率高(P<0.05);与双支病变阳性率比较无统计学意义;③ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变程度组间比较:冠脉病变狭窄50%～69%的VCG阳性率明显高于ECG (P<0.05),其他两组阳性率比较无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组冠脉病变狭窄≥90%较50%～69%、70%～89%的阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01); VCG组狭窄≥90%较50%～69%阳性率高（P<0.01),其他无统计学意义。结论: VCG对冠心病检测价值显著高于ECG。     

Detection and characterization of the product of hydroethidine and intracellular superoxide by HPLC and limitations of fluorescence

Here we report the structural characterization of the product formed from the reaction between hydroethidine (HE) and superoxide (O(2)(.-)). By using mass spectral and NMR techniques, the chemical structure of this product was determined as 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E(+)). By using an authentic standard, we developed an HPLC approach to detect and quantitate the reaction product of HE and O(2)(.-) formed in bovine aortic endothelial cells after treatment with menadione or antimycin A to induce intracellular reactive oxygen species. Concomitantly, we used a spin trap, 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (BMPO), to detect and identify the structure of reactive oxygen species formed. BMPO trapped the O(2)(.-) that formed extracellularly and was detected as the BMPO-OH adduct during use of the EPR technique. BMPO, being cell-permeable, inhibited the intracellular formation of 2-OH-E(+). However, the intracellular BMPO spin adduct was not detected. The definitive characterization of the reaction product of O(2)(.-) with HE described here forms the basis of an unambiguous assay for intracellular detection and quantitation of O(2)(.-). Analysis of the fluorescence characteristics of ethidium (E(+)) and 2-OH-E(+) strongly suggests that the currently available fluorescence methodology is not suitable for quantitating intracellular O(2)(.-). We conclude that the HPLC/fluorescence assay using HE as a probe is more suitable [corrected] for detecting intracellular O(2)(.-).     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养和外源基因的导入

目的探讨绿色荧光蛋白基因转染骨髓间质干细胞的可行性。方法采用F icoll-PaqueTMP lus淋巴细胞分离液,根据细胞密度梯度原理,分离大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rM SC s)并进行体外原代培养和传代扩增,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞生长情况,免疫细胞化学法对其初步鉴定。流式细胞仪分析转染效率。结果原代和传代培养的细胞呈现梭形外观,具有较强的生长增殖能力;细胞均一表达CD44、CD54、CD106、CD29抗原。电穿孔法转染rM SC s转染率为32.8%±3%。结论采用比重为1.077 g/L的F icoll-PaqueTMP lus能分离获得大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,经原代培养和传代培养能够迅速扩增。电穿孔法具有较高的介导外源基因表达于rM SC s的效率。