门静脉高压症介入断流术前后血液动力学的改变及临床意义

目的 探讨介入断流术前后门静脉血液动力学的改变及临床价值。资料与方法 对50例门静脉高压症患者行经皮经肝穿刺门静脉，行食管胃底曲张静脉栓塞（PTVE）治疗，PTVE后行部分性脾栓塞（PSE）治疗，其中28例PTVE后2周行PSE，22例PTVE术中同时行PSE，50例PTVE手术前后测自由门静脉压（FPP）。22例PSE后再次测FPP。结果 50例PTVE术后FPP均有不同程度增高，22例PTVE同时行PSE者，术后再次测FPP，FPP均有不同程度下降，50例PTVE术后造影显示，47例完全闭塞，3例不完全闭塞，仍有曲线静脉显示，但血流速度变慢。随访3-50个月，再出血2例，其中1例于术后20天，1例于术后14个月。结论 PTVE联合PSE治疗门静脉高压症是一种合理而可行的方法。它既能有效止血，又能适当降低门静脉压，减少胃黏膜病变，降低再出血率，不影响肝脏“营养因子”入肝。     

PTVE联合PSE治疗胃底曲张静脉出血的疗效观察

目的探讨经皮胃底曲张静脉栓塞术(PTVE)联合部分脾动脉栓塞术(PSE)治疗胃底曲张静脉出血的疗效。资料与方法27例肝硬化合并食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血患者(18例急性出血,9例择期手术),21例患者同时实施PTVE+PSE,6例患者PTVE后5～7天再行PSE。对术前、术后门静脉压力变化进行测量;术后1～24个月观察再出血的发生率及胃镜随访胃底曲张静脉消退情况。结果18例急诊手术患者术后出血即刻停止,即时止血率100%。PTVE栓塞后门静脉压升高,同术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PTVE+PSE后门静脉压有所降低,但同术前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。23例术后胃镜随访,显示胃底曲张静脉完全消失9例,部分消失14例,4例门静脉高压性胃病表现。随访期间1～12个月内再出血率为11.11%(3/27),12～24个月因肝功能衰竭死亡2例,再出血率为28.0%(7/25)。6例为曲张静脉出血,其中1例再次行PTVE栓塞曲张静脉后止血,4例为门静脉高压性胃病出血。结论PTVE具有满意的止血效果和消除胃底曲张静脉,联合PSE能抵消PTVE所致的门静脉压升高。PTVE联合PSE既可行急诊止血,亦可作为...     

CT灌注成像在经颈静脉肝内门体分流术中的应用

目的 运用螺旋CT灌注成像评价经颈静脉肝内门体分流 (TIPSS)术后肝脏血流灌注的变化.资料与方法 对15例行TIPSS治疗的肝硬化门脉高压症患者分别于手术前2天和术后1周行螺旋CT单层肝脏动态增强扫描,比较手术前后肝脏灌注参数的变化.结果 TIPSS术前门静脉灌注量(PVP)、肝动脉灌注量(HAP)、总肝灌注量(TLP)和肝动脉灌注指数(HPI)分别为(0.58±0.23) ml·min-1·ml-1、(0.14±0.13) ml·min-1·ml-1、(0.72±0.17) ml·min-1·ml-1和(24.0±10.2)%;TIPSS术后则分别为(0.15±0.04)ml·min-1·ml-1、(0.28±0.05) ml·min-1·ml-1、(0.43±0.07) ml·min-1·ml-1和(64.1±13.9)%;TIPSS术前后肝功能、血氨、门静脉自由压(PFP)等指标组间比较有统计学差异.结论 螺旋CT灌注成像能客观评价肝硬化门脉高压症TIPSS术前后肝血流动力学的变化.     

经颈静脉肝内门-体静脉分流术应用疗效观察

本文报告经颈静脉肝内门-体静脉分流术(TIPSS)14例,成功12例。术后食道静脉曲张明显减轻乃至消失、门脉主干血流速度显著增加、门脉压力平均下降1.48kPa、血小板有所升高、白细胞变化不大、脾脏体积缩小30-60％。本组临床应用结果表明:TIPSS创伤性小,降低门脉压可靠,是治疗门脉高压症的有效方法;此技术成功的关键是术前了解肝静脉与门静脉的空间关系。     

门脉高压症出血组与未出血组门静脉压力的对照研究

目的：探讨经皮经肝穿刺测量门静脉压力来评估曲张的食管胃底静脉发生出血风险的可行性及判断出血风险的门静脉压力参考值、是否行预防性经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPSS)的门静脉压力参考值。方法临床确诊的40例乙肝后肝硬化致食管胃底静脉曲张自发性出血患者在行 TIPSS 及经皮经肝食管胃底静脉曲张栓塞术中测量门静脉的压力;对临床确诊的40例乙肝后肝硬化致食管胃底静脉曲张未发生出血的患者在行预防性 TIPSS 及经皮经肝穿刺测量门静脉压力;对2组间的门静脉的压力进行比较。结果肝硬化门脉高压症出血组门静脉压力为(41.97±5.12)cmH 2 O,未出血组压力为(33.44±7.79)cmH 2 O,2组间差异有统计学意义(P <0.001);门静脉压力>37.45 cmH 2 O 可作为行预防性 TIPSS 的参考依据之一。结论通过经皮经肝穿刺测量门静脉的压力,可评估乙肝后肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张发生出血的风险,通过经皮经肝穿刺门静脉压力测量可作为是否对乙肝后肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张尚未发生出血的患者行预防性 TIPSS 的参考依据。     

经导管门静脉栓塞诱导肝叶代偿性增生的临床应用研究

目的探讨经导管门静脉栓塞(PVE)诱导肝叶代偿性增生临床应用的可行性、安全性、有效性。方法对28例手术不能切除,但门静脉内无瘤栓的晚期肝癌患者,经导管行门静脉右支栓塞。PVE术前、后用CT测量左侧肝叶的体积,并测量栓塞前后的门静脉压力,监测肝功能和凝血功能。结果所有患者均成功行门静脉右支栓塞,其中1例PVE后顺利实行右肝切除术。PVE术前左侧肝叶的体积为(461.5±108.2)cm3,术后2、4、8周分别为(608.5±135.7)cm3、(660.2±133.8)cm3、(678.0±132.7)cm3,分别比术前增加(33.5±22.1)%、(45.4±23.8)%、(49.5±24.0)%;术前左侧肝叶占整个肝脏的体积百分比为(18.4±5.1)%,术后2、4、8周分别为(24.2±5.9)%、(26.3±5.8)%、(27.0±6.1)%。术后2周较术前体积增大差异有统计学意义(F=37.810,P<0.05),术后4周与术后2周间、术后8周与术后2周间、术后8周与术后4周间体积增大差异无统计学意义(P=0.206、0.091、0.085,P值均>0.05)。栓塞前门静脉压力为(17.8±2.9)cmH2O(1cmH2O=0.098kPa),PVE后为(18.3±2.9)cmH2O,栓塞前后差异有统计学意义(t=-14.810,P<0.05),但均在正常值范围内,未出现门静脉高压,肝功能损害轻,无并发症出现。结论经导管门静脉栓塞诱导肝叶代偿性增生在临床上的应用是可行的、安全的、有效的,可增加手术切除率,提高手术切除的安全性。     

TIPSS术后并发症的成因分析及防治

经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉内支架分流术(TIPSS)治疗肝硬化门脉高压症30例,29例手术成功,1例失败,7例出现并发症。29例患者术前平均血总胆红紊为25.12±9.80mmol/l,术后为50.46+34.50mmol/l,术前血氨平均为152.33±65.30μg/dl,术后为233.33±99.96μg/dl。作者分析了并发症的成因,认为肝性脑病、黄疸与肝功能状态与分流通道直径大小有关,其他并发症如肝内多发脓肿、肺内感染、菌血症等与伴随疾病和操作技术有关。本文介绍了 TIPSS 术前术后及并发症的治疗原则,讨论了TIPSS 的适应证与禁忌证。     

经皮肝穿刺胃曲张静脉栓塞术联合或不联合部分脾动脉栓塞术治疗急性食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血临床观察北大核心CSCD

目的观察比较经皮肝穿刺胃曲张静脉栓塞术(PTVE)联合或不联合部分脾动脉栓塞术(PSE)治疗急性食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血的临床效果及预后。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2017年1月采用单纯PTVE或PTVE联合PSE治疗的56例急性活动性食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血患者临床资料,其中PTVE组22例、PTVE联合PSE组34例。结果术后所有患者活动性上消化道出血完全停止。PTVE联合PSE组白细胞、血小板水平升高显著高于PTVE组(P=0.002,P=0.032)。Log-Rank分析表明两组无事件生存时间(EFS)差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.571,P=0.210),Cox回归分析表明Child-Pugh评分与再发出血显著相关(HR=1.296,95%CI=1.130~1.488,P<0.001)。结论 PTVE及PTVE联合PSE两种介入手术均可有效地治疗食管胃底曲张静脉破裂活动性出血,两者远期出血率差异无统计学意义,但PTVE联合PSE可显著改善患者脾功能亢进表现。Child-Pugh评分增高是术后再发出血的危险因素。     

肝癌合并肝动脉-门静脉分流影响门静脉血流动力学的定量研究

目的　通过门静脉系统置管直接测定肝动脉 门静脉分流 (APS)栓塞前后门静脉压力的改变 ;定量分析门静脉压力与门静脉高压症之间的变化关系。方法　对 18例肝癌合并中央型APS患者APS栓塞和肝动脉化疗栓塞术 (TACE) ,同时行经皮门静脉穿刺置管 ,测定APS分流道闭塞前后门静脉压力 ;术前及术后 2周行肝脏彩超及胃镜检查。结果　 18例患者术后门静脉主干压力显著降低 ,下降幅度为 5 .4 %～ 33.3% ,平均降幅为 2 0 .1% ;栓塞后门静脉直径缩小 ,血流速度加快 (P <0 .0 1) ;13例门静脉主干呈离肝血流患者 ,术后有 7例转为向肝方向。APS栓塞后 ,18例患者门静脉高压症状均有改善 ,在门静脉压下降幅度超过 2 0 %的 10例患者中 ,门静脉高压症有明显改善 ;门静脉压力下降在 2 0 %以下的8例患者中 ,门静脉高压症改善不明显。结论　栓塞APS能显著降低门静脉压力 ,平均降幅达 2 0 %以上 ;当门静脉压力降低 2 0 %及以上时可有效地改善腹水、上消化道出血和顽固性腹泻症等一系列门静脉高压症状     

TIPSS加断流术治疗门静脉高压症的疗效观察

目的　研究TIPSS加断流术治疗门静脉高压症的临床疗效。方法　对 6 0例门静脉高压症伴食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者采用TIPSS加断流术治疗。治疗时伴有中度腹水 41例 ,重度腹水 8例 ,按Child Pugh分级标准肝功能为A级 11例 ,B级 37例 ,C级 12例 ,上消化道钡餐检查示食管静脉中、重度静脉曲张。治疗分两步进行 ,首先行TIPSS治疗 ,2周后再行断流术。结果　TIPSS术后无近期分流道阻塞、再出血和死亡 ,食管静脉曲张显著减轻。 1～ 5年随访 ,肝内分流道阻塞率、出血复发率和病死率分别为 11.9%、3.5 %和 7.0 %。结论　TIPSS加断流术是一种疗效确切的治疗门脉高压症的方法。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.