下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的血管腔内介入治疗

目的探讨下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)的腔内介入治疗方法和疗效。方法对21例下肢ASO患者行经皮血管成形术(PTA)和PTA后选择性支架置入术,观察术前和术后7天踝肱指数(ABI)的变化,随访6～24个月观察疗效。结果 21例的23条肢体有20条腔内介入治疗成功,单纯PTA12条,PTA后支架置入8条,术后死亡1例。介入治疗成功者术后7天ABI均较术前明显升高。有随访结果的16例,14例达到保肢目的,平均临床疗效评分结果介于较好到好之间。结论腔内介入治疗能安全、有效地改善下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的缺血症状,在各项临床治疗手段中占有重要地位。精细的介入操作、全面的围手术期处理和术后随访有助提高腔内介入治疗的成功率和中、远期疗效。     

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的血管介入治疗研究

目的:分析、探讨血管腔内成形术(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.PTA)治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)的安全性、有效性及其中短期临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析2009年4月～2010年3月期间收治的56例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者的临床和术后随访资料.所有患者按TASC(TransAtlantic Inter-society consensus)分型及手术血管部位进行病例分组,观察介入治疗术前、后踝肱指数变化;治疗成功率、并发症发生率以及患者术后不同时间段的累积畅通率.结果:56例患者介入治疗的技术成功率为98.2%(55/56),临床成功率为94.6%,围手术期并发症发生率为12.7%,无围手术期死亡.术后踝肱指数较术前明显提高,差异具有显著性统计学意义(P ＜0.001).肢体术后初次累积通畅率为56%±12%,分组比较提示不同治疗部位及TASC分型对术后初次通畅率有影响.结论:下肢ASO的PTA技术有着较高的安全性和有效性,具有良好的中、短期疗效及肢体保全率;不同治疗部位及TASC分型对术后累积通畅率有影响.     

血管成形术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞的预后因素分析

目的分析血管腔内成形术(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(arteriosclerosis obliterans,ASO)的临床效果及影响预后的相关因素。方法回顾性分析2012年1月~2014年6月收治的55例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者的临床资料。本组患者平均年龄69.5岁,男性36例,女性19例,临床症状包括间歇性跛行3例,静息痛22例,肢体溃疡或坏死30例;单侧肢体病变33例,双下肢病变22例;D-二聚体增高42例(D-Ⅱ550ug/L),其中伴有糖尿病患者18例,房颤患者15例,高脂血症患者31例;全部患者接受下肢动脉腔内治疗,单纯球囊成形术11例,同时行球囊成形术和支架植入术44例,无围手术期死亡。结果全组55例患者术后随访1~30个月,随访期内复发31例,复发率56.4%,平均生存时间17.2个月,中位生存时间18个月,6个月生存率95.0%,1年生存率85.0%,2年生存率20.0%;单因素分析结果显示病变肢体数目、治疗方法、糖尿病、房颤及高脂血症病史是与ASO血管腔内治疗后再狭窄的相关因素;Cox风险回归分析显示病变肢体数目、糖尿病、高脂血症是影响ASO患者行PTA治疗预后的独立危险因素,而治疗方法是影响预后的保护因素(P0.05)。结论病变肢体数目、糖尿病、高脂血症是影响ASO患者行PTA治疗预后的独立危险因素,而治疗方法是影响预后的保护因素,有利于客观评判疗效和生存预期,并提供有效的介入治疗策略。     

超声消融术治疗动静脉阻塞性疾病的临床体会

为探讨治疗动静脉阻塞性疾病微创、有效的新方法 ,采用腔内超声消融术治疗 7例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症 (ASO)和 15例下肢深静脉血栓 (DVT) ,并对手术适应证、术中注意事项、术后处理方法进行总结。结果 7例ASO患者超声消融术后血管造影示动脉狭窄由(93±12 ) %减少到 (12± 6 ) % ,肢体缺血症状明显改善 ,未出现穿孔 ;15例DVT患者超声消融术后血管均再通 ,静脉狭窄由 10 0 %减少到 (8±2 ) % ,肢体肿胀消失。说明超声消融术是治疗动静脉阻塞性疾病安全、高效、微创的新方法     

无流出道显影的下肢动脉闭塞症腔内血管成形治疗的预探索

目的：探讨经皮腔内血管成形术（PTA）治疗无流出道显影的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症（ASO）的临床疗效及价值。方法无流出道显影的下肢ASO患者19例,男11例,女8例,年龄48～79岁,中位年龄66岁。所有患者主要临床症状为患肢静息痛,其中10例（47.6%）伴有不同程度足部溃疡和坏疽。所有患者术前均接受患肢多层螺旋CT血管造影及DSA检查。PTA治疗后随访12个月,观察并记录临床症状和体征变化,于术前和术后1、3、6、12个月分别检测患肢跛行距离、足趾皮温、踝肱指数（ABI）、趾肱指数（TBI）,并作CTA 或彩色多普勒超声检查。结果19例患者共38条病变肢体,54支血管为无流出道显影的下肢动脉闭塞病变,分别为胫前动脉25支（46.3%）、胫后动脉18支（33.3%）、腓动脉9支（16.7%）、腘动脉2支（3.7%）;肢体PTA技术成功率为89.6%,单血管PTA技术成功率为85.2%。术后所有开通成功的患肢皮温改善明显,疼痛症状明显缓解或消失。术后1、3、6、12个月患者跛行距离、足趾皮温、ABI、TBI等均较术前有显著改善（P＜0.05）。术后12个月肢体血管再狭窄率为39.5%（15/38）,肢体血管通畅率为55.3%（21/38）,肢体保全率为81.6%（31/38）。结论 PTA治疗无流出道显影的下肢动脉闭塞病变的近期疗效确切,安全性高;远期再狭窄率虽较高,但能有效控制病情发展并缓解临床症状,有助于提高缺血肢体的保全率。     

血管内介入治疗在膝下动脉闭塞性病变中的临床应用

目的:评价膝下动脉闭塞性病变血管内介入治疗的临床效果和必要性。方法:回顾性分析2005年4月～2007年12月间收治的42例(47条肢体)采用球囊血管成形术治疗的以膝下动脉病变为主的动脉硬化闭塞症患者的临床资料。结果:42例患者的43条肢体闭塞病变治疗获得成功,成功率为91.5%(43/47),术后平均随访5月(1～10月),临床症状明显改善;1例介入治疗后1月行膝下截肢术,截肢率为2.1%。结论:球囊血管成形术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞性疾病的膝下动脉病变可行性强、疗效显著、安全性良好,近期疗效确切,长期疗效还需进一步随访研究。     

经皮血管腔内成形术结合局部小剂量持续灌注溶栓治疗糖尿病膝下动脉病变

目的 探讨采用经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)治疗糖尿病膝下动脉病变的效果以及术后小剂量溶栓对膝下动脉血流的影响.方法 回顾性分析自2011年1月至2013年9月行介入治疗的糖尿病膝下动脉病变患者28例,共37条肢体(左下肢16条、右下肢21条),74支膝下动脉存在狭窄或闭塞,胫前动脉30支、胫后动脉22支、腓动脉22支,合并有髂股动脉病变肢体30条.根据术前CTA结果分别采用同侧顺行、经对侧股动脉入路、经肱动脉途径行PTA或支架治疗,测量介入治疗前后踝肱指数(ABI).介入治疗术后从留置导管鞘内持续经微量泵注入尿激酶(20～ 30)万U/24 h,共48 h进行溶栓,记录溶栓前后从胫骨平台到足踝处的图像帧数.术后随访3个月以上,测量ABI并行彩超或CTA检查,计量资料采用配对样本t检验.结果 32条肢体通过球囊扩张或支架得以开通,开通率为86.4％.37条肢体ABI术前为0.70±0.31,术后首日增加至0.90±0.21,差异有统计学意义(t=10.734,P＜0.05).成功开通的32条肢体在小剂量溶栓后造影,从胫骨平台到足踝处的图像帧数由介入术后即刻的(6.3±1.6)帧降低到(4.7±1.4)帧,差异有统计学意义(t=12.136,P＜0.05).6条有静息痛的肢体术后临床症状缓解明显.14条有溃疡和(或)坏疽的肢体,l例介入开通血管后从踝关节平面截肢、3例截趾,3例足趾坏疽的患者随访期间足趾自行离断而愈合,其余患者创面在1～3个月内愈合.术后随访3～ 24个月有3例患者3条肢体复发并再次行PTA治疗.结论 介入治疗糖尿病膝下动脉病变,近期疗效确切,安全性较高;介入术后小剂量溶栓治疗安全,有助于改善膝下动脉血流.     

血管内支架成形术治疗外科高危的颈动脉狭窄

目的 探讨外科高危的颈动脉狭窄作血管内支架成形术的可行性及安全性。方法 7例外科高危的颈动脉狭窄患者接受了血管内支架成形术治疗。结果 支架定位准确，4例患者狭窄完全消失，3例患者狭窄程度减少90％以上，临床症状改善明显，无手术并发症，术后随访3～23个月，均无短暂性脑缺血发作或脑梗死发生。结论 血管内支架成形术是治疗外科高危的复杂型颅外颈动脉狭窄的安全有效的方法，长期疗效有待进一步观察。     

糖尿病足介入治疗17例回顾性分析

目的：评价糖尿病下肢动脉的血管改变及血管内介入治疗的临床价值。方法：对36例糖尿病足行下肢动脉DSA检查，并同时与血管超声进行对照。其中17例节段性狭窄行介入治疗(12例经皮血管球囊成形术，5例血管腔内支架植入)。术后常规抗凝治疗，并于6个月后血管造影复查。结果：糖尿病足下肢动脉有不同程度的狭窄与阻塞同时存在，细小动脉多有闭塞；17例行介入治疗者均有胭动脉以上动脉的慢性损伤。介入治疗可以改善糖尿病足下肢动脉的血液灌注，通过控制血糖和改善血液循环，其治疗的近期疗效令人满意。结论：DSA检查可以准确了解阻塞部位及程度，对糖尿病足的下肢动脉介入治疗疗效满意，可以大大降低患者的病残率。     

长球囊联合丹参注射液加压注射治疗糖尿病膝下血管病变

目的观察长球囊血管腔内成形术(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)联合丹参注射液,腔内加压注射治疗糖尿病膝下血管病变的疗效。方法 19例糖尿病患者共23条膝下动脉硬化闭塞肢体,首先采用长球囊开通狭窄、闭塞的血管,再联合丹参注射液腔内加压注射治疗。术后观察踝/肱指数、通畅率、溃疡愈合时间及临床症状的改善。结果 21条患肢得到成功治疗,技术成功率91.3%(21/23)。踝/肱指数(ankle brachial index,ABI)由术前的0.31±0.14上升为术后的0.71±0.18,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后随访3～10个月,13条患肢(61.9%)间歇性跛行、患肢静息痛等临床症状基本消失,足背或胫后动脉搏动恢复;8条(38.1%)患肢明显缓解。6条肢体术前伴足趾溃疡者,术后创面均愈合;1条足趾坏疽肢体清创换药23天后行截趾术,术后切口愈合良好。术后1、3、6个月通畅率分别为95.2%、85.7%、61.9%。结论腔内加压注射丹参注射液作为长球囊PTA微创治疗糖尿病合并膝下血管病变的补充,可促进动脉侧支血管生成,改善血供,改善微循环,促进糖尿病足溃疡面愈合,近期疗效好、通畅率高,值得推广。     

胼胝体区脑动静脉畸形

目的 :探讨颅内胼胝体区脑动静脉畸形的病理基础、临床表现、脑血管影像特点及治疗效果。方法 :6例患者在数字减影血管造影 (DSA)监视下进行全脑血管造影 ,了解畸形血管团的位置、大小、供血动脉及引流静脉情况 ,然后给予血管内栓塞治疗或放射治疗。结果 :6例患者 ,4例应用漂浮导管技术行血管内栓塞治疗治愈 ;2例行X—刀治疗 ,1例治愈 ,1例因治疗时间短 ,未复查。结论 :胼胝体区脑动静脉畸形 ,发病年龄轻 ,出血危险性大 ,畸形团小 ,位置深 ,供血动脉少 ,引流静脉单一 ,治疗效果好     

Operative or endovascular treatment of ruptured intracranial vertebral artery aneurysms?

Our purpose was to evaluate the surgical and endovascular treatment outcomes of ruptured intracranial vertebral artery aneurysms (RIVAA). The outcomes of 44 patients with RIVAA treated between 1983 and 1998 surgically (26), endovascularly (20) or both (2) were evaluated. The aneurysms were clipped in 24 patients, and clipped and wrapped in two. We treated 20 by the endovascular approach, 12 with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDC), and eight by parent-vessel occlusion using detachable balloons. Three patients had endovascular treatment after a failed or inadequate surgical attempt. Post-treatment follow-up was 17–183 months (mean 101 months) for surgically treated patients. For the GDC-treated group angiographic follow-up was carried at 8–49 months (mean 19 months). The condition of seven (27 %) of the surgically treated patients worsened due to procedure-related complications, compared with 10 % in the endovascular treatment group. Of the patients initially presenting with Hunt and Hess grade IV or V, three of five (60 %) died who were treated surgically and two of eight (25 %) who were treated endovascularly. A good outcome was achieved in 17 surgically treated patients (85 % of the survivors) and in 16 of the endovascular group (89 % of the survivors). This present “same-site” report on treatment of a specific abnormality, RIVAA, treated surgically or by an endovascular approach indicates that especially in poorer Hunt and Hess grade patients, the latter may offer a clinical outcome as good as that of surgery, although long-term efficacy of GDC treatment is still to be determined. Received: 4 April 1999/Accepted: 25 January 2000     

Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞脑宽颈动脉瘤的长期随访疗效

目的评价Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞脑宽颈动脉瘤的长期随访疗效。方法2007年至2011年应用Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞118例脑动脉瘤,其中86例为破裂出血性动脉瘤,32例为未破裂动脉瘤,76例在出血72 h内实施了治疗。术后对患者进行脑血管造影和临床随访。结果支架准确释放115例(97.5%),因为血管扭曲和痉挛失败植入支架1例,支架移位2例。实施单纯支架植入2例,采用微导管经支架网眼技术66例,支架后释放技术49例。术后即刻造影示动脉瘤完全栓塞87例(74.4%),次全栓塞30例(25.6%)。术中无动脉瘤破裂出血事件发生,术后症状性脑梗死3例,无症状性脑梗死5例。术后随访6～60个月,平均26.8个月,共随访到105例,复查1～5次脑血管造影,完全栓塞99例(84.6%),次全栓塞病例中11例(36.7%)存在血栓形成;9例(7.7%)瘤体复发,其中5例进行了再次治疗达到完全栓塞,术后所有患者均无再出血,除3例外,所有患者支架内无明显狭窄。结论 Neuroform3支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞脑宽颈动脉瘤安全、有效,仍需更长期的随访和多中心研究。     

Usefulness of 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy after dipyridamole infusion in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease]

To determine the utility for detecting ischemic heart disease (IHD), Dipyridamole thallium myocardial images (DIP-Tl) have been performed in the 103 patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease who can't exercise fully. Of 103 patients, there were 36 patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO), 31 patients with aneurysm of the abdominal aorta (AAA), 24 patients with aneurysm of the thoracic aorta (TAA) and 12 patients with dissecting aortic aneurysm (DAA). Clinical evidence of IHD was found in 20 patients with ASO, 10 with AAA, 7 with TAA and 4 with DAA respectively. Positive evidence of DIP-Tl was identified in 66% of 41 patients who had clinical evidence of IHD, and particularly in the patients with AAA (80%) and ASO (65%). On the other hand, in the patients without clinical evidence of IHD, positive evidence of DIP-Tl was identified in 19% of 62 patients and particularly in the patients with AAA (39%). In all patients, the percentage of the positive DIP-Tl ratio was 38%. And, when the 38% patients of the positive DIP-Tl were added to the patients of the negative DIP-Tl who had clinical evidence of IHD, almost half patients (51%) were considered to be complicated with IHD. This study suggests that the atherosclerotic vascular disease is highly complicated with IHD and DIP-Tl is useful to detect IHD.     

Multimodality MR imaging depiction of hemodynamic changes and cerebral ischemia in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a common and serious neurologic emergent condition. We tested the hypothesis that multimodality MR imaging depicts changes in cerebral blood flow SAH, before any surgical or endovascular intervention, and that the frequency of these changes increases with time after ictus. METHODS: We prospectively examined 37 patients with suspected SAH and three with symptoms of acute stroke but who subsequently had SAH. Routine CT and multimodality MR imaging were performed within 18 h of presentation. Standard MR imaging, diffusion-weighted MR imaging, time-of-flight MR angiography, and dynamic first-pass gadolinium-enhanced MR perfusion imaging were performed. Images were reviewed for abnormalities in cerebral blood flow, ischemia, and infarction. Nine patients did not have SAH at CT and CSF investigations. Of 31 patients with proved SAH, 13 were examined during the acute stage (within 4 d of ictus) and 18, during the subacute stage (4-14 d after ictus). RESULTS: MR imaging showed alteration in cerebral blood flow parameters in 16 of 31 patients before surgery or endovascular treatment. The frequency of blood flow changes and associated complications increased with worsening clinical grade and increasing time after ictus. CONCLUSION: Multimodality MR imaging provides information not available from CT in patients with SAH. MR imaging shows oligemic and ischemic areas in SAH before surgery or endovascular treatment. MR imaging is a simple noninvasive method of assessing cerebral blood flow and its complications in SAH. It can be performed in a clinical environment.     

经皮血管成形术联合外科手术治疗下肢动脉粥样硬化闭塞症

目的:总结血管腔内成形术配合外科手术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的体会.方法:2003年11月～2006年1月对16例多节段、多平面下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者行外科手术和球囊扩张及支架置入术联合治疗,术后随访2～26个月.结果:14例患者因术后侧枝循环建立患肢症状较术前明显改善,动脉再闭塞2例,人工血管闭塞1例,支架部分再狭窄1例.结论:血管腔内成形术配合外科手术治疗,降低了手术难度与复杂性,最大限度地减少手术并发症,提高了手术成功率.     

Endovascular treatment of acute arterial complications after living-donor liver transplantation

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of endovascular treatment for acute arterial complications following living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 79 LDLT patients, 17 (mean age 48+/-8 years, range 33-66 years) who had acute arterial complications and underwent endovascular treatment were evaluated. Transcatheter arterial embolization was performed to control peritoneal bleeding. Catheter-directed thrombolysis using urokinase was performed in hepatic artery thromboses. The locations of complications and materials used were evaluated. The technical and clinical success rates were calculated. RESULTS: Twenty-three acute arterial complications, including four hepatic artery thromboses and 19 cases of peritoneal haemorrhages were identified in 22 angiographic sessions in 17 patients. The mean duration between LDLT and first angiography was 3.2+/-3.5 days (range 1-13 days). Hepatic artery recanalization with catheter-directed thrombolysis using urokinase was achieved in two patients. Transcatheter arterial embolization for peritoneal bleeding was successfully performed in 16 cases. The most common bleeding focus was the right inferior phrenic artery. Additional surgical management was needed in five patients to control bleeding or hepatic artery recanalization. Technical and clinical success rates of transcatheter arterial embolization were 84.2 and 63.1%, respectively. Overall technical success was achieved in 18 of 23 arterial complications (78.2%), and clinical success was achieved in 14 of 23 arterial complications (60.8%). CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment for the acute arterial complications of haemorrhage or thrombosis in LDLT patients is safe and effective. Therefore, it should be considered as the first line of treatment in selective cases.     

脑静脉窦血栓形成的介入治疗

目的 研究血管内介入治疗颅内静脉窦血栓形成的疗效和安全性.方法 对10例临床抗凝治疗无效的颅内静脉窦血栓形成患者行血管内介入治疗,全部患者均接受经静脉插管接触性溶栓联合机械性碎栓治疗,其中4例在接受经静脉途径溶栓后又接受了经动脉溶栓.术后继续抗凝治疗6个月,随访12～29个月,平均21个月.结果 8例患者的临床症状和体征得到缓解或部分缓解,其中6例头痛消失,2例存在轻度头痛.1例症状无明显改善,1例病稃较长的患者残留语言功能障碍.所有患者腰椎穿刺脑脊液压力均恢复正常,未再发生血栓形成和新的神经功能症状.所有患者术中和术后均未发生与操作相关的颅内或全身出血并发症.结论 血管内介入治疗颅内静脉窦血栓是安全、有效的治疗手段.     

The Role of Multi-slice Spiral CT Angiography in Patient Management After Endovascular Therapy

Objectives To bring out the role of multi-slice spiral CT angiography (MS-CTA) in patient management after endovascular therapy of subclavian artery stenosis. Methods Twenty-one consecutive patients with clinically suspected restenosis after endovascular treatment of subclavian artery stenosis or occlusion were included in the study. Eleven patients had been treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) alone and 10 with PTA and stenting. The mean follow-up period after PTA or stenting was 57 (±27 SD) months. CTA was performed using a bolus-triggered high-resolution protocol with biphasic intravenous contrast medium injection. Axial images and curved planar reformations (CPRs) were rated by three readers with regard to patency of supra-aortic vessels. Imaging findings were correlated with a standardized clinical assessment. Results All examinations were of diagnostic quality. Of 21 referred patients, 7 had significant reobstruction of the treated subclavian artery. Six of the 7 patients with significant restenosis on CTA were treated conservatively (antiplatelet agents), despite 2 of them being symptomatic on the standardized clinical assessment, which showed a sensitivity and specificity of 86% in predicting stenosis. One patient was treated with PTA and stent deployment because of strong subjective suffering. Conclusion MS-CTA is useful for exclusion or quantification of clinically suspected restenosis in carefully selected patients after endovascular therapy where ultrasound is inconclusive and/or contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography is contraindicated.