遗传性痉挛性截瘫并薄型胼胝体的MRI表现

目的探讨遗传性痉挛性截瘫(hereditary spastic paraplegia,HSP)伴薄型胼胝体的颅脑和脊髓MRI特征,以期提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析5个家系8例临床和遗传学确诊为HSP伴薄型胼胝体患者的颅脑和脊髓MRI资料。分析每例患者的MRI特点,并分别测量胼胝体膝部、体部和压部的厚度,分别在C3和T2水平测量相应平面脊髓的前后径及横径,另选取20例在本院行颅脑平扫MRI及颈椎MRI的正常病例为对照组进行相应测量方法进行比较。结果 8例颅脑MRI均表现为胼胝体变薄,以膝部和体部明显,分别为(2.2±1.6)mm、(2.0±0.9)mm,与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);胼胝体压部未见明显变薄(P>0.05);C3、T2脊髓的前后径、横径明显小于对照组(P<0.05)。8例均出现双侧脑室周围白质内及额顶叶深部脑白质对称性异常信号灶,液体衰减反转恢复序列(FLAIR)呈高信号。7例有脑萎缩,7例有颈胸段脊髓萎缩且其中1例胸髓末段显示异常信号灶。结论 HSP伴薄型胼胝体的颅脑和脊髓具有典型的MRI特点,主要表现为胼胝体膝部及体部变薄、脑萎缩、侧脑室周围脑白质内及额顶叶深部脑白质对称性异常信号灶及脊髓萎缩。MRI对临床诊断和鉴别诊断有重要意义,但确诊还需结合临床表现和基因检查。     

不同体位颈椎MRI对平山病的影像诊断

目的 探讨平山病患者自然位和前屈位颈椎MRI表现及其诊断价值.资料与方法 对6例经临床确诊的平山病患者及6名正常自愿者均行颈椎自然位+前屈位+增强MRI,对比分析平山病患者低位颈髓的MRI表现.结果 自然位:6例患者颈椎生理曲度变直,低位颈髓变细;6名正常自愿者可见颈膨大(约脊髓C6～T2段).前屈位:6例患者低位颈髓变扁、萎缩,两种体位低位颈髓前后径差值与正常自愿者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),另可见背侧硬膜囊后壁前移、硬膜外间隙增宽,内见迂曲、条形流空信号,增强后明显强化;正常自愿者低位颈髓较自然位略变细,背侧硬膜囊无前移、扩张,其内未见流空信号.结论 不同体位MRI均能显示平山病患者颈椎的异常表现,尤其是前屈位对平山病的诊断具有重要价值.     

脊髓造影 CT 检查中颈髓的形态及测量

作者对36例无脊髓疾患病人作阿米培克颈髓造影CT 检查。对C_2/C_3～C_7/T_1椎间隙脊髓形态进行观察并作测量。测量其前后径、横径、面积、周长、前后径和横径比,用4πa/c~2计算圆周率。结果见表1。     

颈椎过屈位磁共振成像在平山病诊断中的应用

目的:研究颈椎过屈位MRI对平山病诊断的价值。材料和方法:对13例临床确诊为平山病的患者和10例正常对照者进行颈椎过屈位MRI矢状面和轴面扫描,观察低位脊髓萎缩、变扁、C6椎体上缘水平颈髓前后径及硬膜外异常信号。结果:①低位颈髓的萎缩:病例组9例(69%),对照组1例(10%)。②低位脊髓变扁:仅见于病例组11例(84%),其中有10例(77%)为不对称变扁,脊髓呈"梨形",1例(7%)呈三角形变扁。对照组未出现脊髓变扁的表现。③C6水平颈髓前后径与对照组相比明显变窄,差别有统计学意义(t=-4.54,P<0.05)。④低位颈椎椎管内硬膜后方T_2WI异常信号:仅见于患者组的10例(77%)。结论:颈椎过屈位MRI对诊断平山病有重要的价值。     

胎儿脊髓腰骶膨大发育宫内及标本MRI对照研究

目的依据不同孕周胎儿标本与宫内胎儿MR扫描图像,确定脊髓圆锥末端位置及腰骶膨大最大横断面积随孕周变化的规律。方法筛选29例17~39孕周脊椎发育正常的胎儿标本行3.0T MRI脊椎扫描,随机选取142例19~39孕周健康胎儿行宫内胎儿腰椎MRI扫描。扫描序列为T2WI,矢状位、冠状位及横轴位扫描。测得脊髓圆锥末端位置及腰骶膨大与椎管面积之比。结果胎儿标本及宫内胎儿脊髓腰膨大及相应层面椎管前后径及左右径线随孕周呈线性增长关系。脊髓圆锥末端在21孕周及之前,位于L3腰椎以下水平,22~30孕周其变化范围最大,位于L1~L4水平,第31~40孕周位于L1~L2水平。结论宫内胎儿与标本MRI对照研究,能更科学的获取胎儿脊椎发育的参考值并描述其生长曲线。     

颈髓CT横断面测量对脊髓型颈椎病的诊断价值初探

目的 :评价颈髓CT横断面测量对于诊断脊髓型颈椎病的应用价值。方法 :异常组选取 76例临床明确的脊髓型颈椎病的病人 ,正常 (对照 )组选取 6 8例临床排除脊髓型颈椎病及CT证实无椎管狭窄的正常人。全部进行C4～ 5　和C5～ 6　椎间盘螺旋CT扫描 ,并测量相关层面颈髓的矢状径和颈髓的横断面积。结果 :异常组的C4～ 5　椎间盘水平颈髓矢状径均值为 5 .90± 0 .78mm ,颈髓的横断面积均值为 76 .91± 11.5mm2 ,C5～ 6椎间盘水平颈髓矢状径均值为 5 .83± 0 .73mm ,颈髓的横断面积均值为 6 9.5 1± 10 .9mm2 ;正常组相对应的数据为 7.87± 0 .89mm ,95 .2 9± 12 .4mm2 ,7.75± 0 .82mm和 86 .35± 12 .0mm2 。上述两组数据两两比较有显著差异 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :CT测量颈髓的矢状径和横断面积对于脊髓型颈椎病的诊断具有重要价值     

实质性血管母细胞瘤的MRI诊断

目的探讨中枢神经系统实质性血管母细胞瘤的MRI特点及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析7例经病理证实的实质性血管母细胞瘤的MRI资料。结果 4例肿瘤位于小脑半球,1例位于小脑蚓部,颈髓及胸髓各1例。MRI表现为T1WI呈等、低信号,T2WI呈等、高信号,6例病灶内部和周围见血管流空影,增强后肿瘤呈显著强化;1例CE-MRA示肿瘤周边及内部见不规则血管影;2例髓内肿瘤均继发脊髓空洞或囊肿。结论 MRI对中枢神经系统实质性血管母细胞瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断具有临床价值。     

MRI诊断平山病的应用价值

目的回顾性分析平山病患者的颈椎中立位和过曲位MRI表现,探讨MRI对平山病的诊断价值。方法 14例经临床确诊为平山病患者,均行颈椎过屈位MRI检查,其中11例患者行中立位MRI检查,分别对患者不同体位的MRI图像进行分析。结果 11例行颈椎中立位MRI检查的患者中,存在颈椎曲度异常者7例,脊髓出现萎缩、变细者6例,失连接现象仅4例;14例行颈椎过屈位检查的患者均存在硬膜囊后壁前移、脊髓受压变细、硬膜囊外后间隙扩张、失连接现象等征象,其中5例脊髓内出现长T2信号,且出现部位略高于脊髓受压最显著处。结论颈椎过屈位MRI对诊断平山病具有重要价值。     

Arnold-Chiari畸形MRI表现

目的：探讨Arnold-Chiari畸形的MRI影像学表现。方法：收集16例Arnold-Chiari畸形的临床及影像学资料，常规扫描包括矢状位、冠状位T1加权像必要时加扫横断位T1加权像。结果：本组病例中第一型为14例。表现为小脑扁桃体下缘变尖，位置下移经扩大的枕大孔疝入上颈段椎管内，四脑室与延髓形态位置正常，或延髓轻度下移但不与颈髓重叠。其中伴脑积水8例，表现为三、侧脑室扩张；伴脊髓空洞8例，表现为脊髓中央纵行条状长T1长T2异常信号影；二者并存4例；合并颅底骨发育不良3例。第二型2例，MRI表现除第一型外延髓与第四脑宅下移、拉长，脑干变肜、变细并扭曲，并发脑积水，其中一例合并腰骶部脊枉裂伴脊髓脊膜膨出、脊髓栓系。未发现第三型病例。结论：X线平片及CT诊断本病有限，MRI是诊断Chiari畸形的最佳检查方法，不仅可直接判断其分型，而且可清楚显示其并发症情况，如脑积水、脊髓空洞及颅底骨发育异常等。     

脊椎髓外硬膜下血管瘤MRI征象与临床病理特征分析

本研究通过回顾性分析经病理证实的5例髓外硬膜下毛细血管瘤(CAPH)和3例髓外硬膜下海绵状血管瘤(CAVH)的临床病理与MRI资料, 以探讨脊椎髓外硬膜下血管临床病理及MR特点。8例髓外硬膜下血管瘤位于脊椎胸段4例, 腰段2例, 颈胸段、腰骶段各1例。瘤体呈结节状, 5例边缘光整, 3例边缘分叶。CAPH以T1WI等信号、T2WI稍高信号及显著强化为主, 镜下为均质的毛细血管样血管结节;CAVH以T1WI等信号、T2WI稍高信号混杂极低信号及异质性强化为主, 镜下可见出血及血栓。5例可见瘤周血管征, 其中CAVH 1例, CAPH 4例。5例可见脊髓水肿, 其中CAVH 2例, CAPH 3例。总之, 脊椎髓外硬膜下血管瘤MRI表现多样, CAVH较CAPH更易发生出血;瘤周血管征和脊髓水肿是脊椎髓外硬膜下血管瘤的特征性MRI征象。     

Spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging in autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive lower extremity weakness and spasticity. HSP pathology involves axonal degeneration that is most pronounced in the terminal segments of the longest descending (pyramidal) and ascending (dorsal columns) tracts. In this study, we compared spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 13 HSP patients with four different types of autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG3A, SPG4, SPG6, and SPG8) with age-matched control subjects. The cross-section area of HSP subjects at cervical level C2 was 59.42±12.57 mm² and at thoracic level T9 was 28.58±5.25 mm². Both of these values were less than in the healthy controls (p<0.001). The degree of cord atrophy was more prominent in patients with SPG6 and SPG8 who had signs of severe cord atrophy (47.60±6.58 mm² at C2, 21.40±2.4 mm² at T9) than in subjects with SPG3 and SPG4 (66.0±8.94 mm² at C2, p<0.02; 31.75±2.76 mm² at T9, p<0.001). These observations indicate that spinal cord atrophy is a common finding in the four genetic types of HSP. Spinal cord atrophy was more severe in SPG6 and SPG8 HSP subjects than in other types of HSP we studied. This may suggest a different disease mechanism with more prominent axonal degeneration in these two types of HSP when compared with HSP due to spastin and atlastin mutations.     

慢性脊髓创伤的MRI表现

目的　探讨慢性脊髓损伤的MRI表现及其形成机制。材料与方法　分析 2 8例慢性脊髓损伤者的MRI表现及临床资料 ,其中男 2 1例 ,女 7例 ,平均年龄 39岁。伤后行MRI复查时间为 1个月～ 12年。MRI取常规SE序列T1WI、T2 WI矢状、横断面。结果　 2 8例中有 16例发生在颈髓 ,上胸髓及脊髓圆锥各 6例。其中脊髓囊变 13例 ;慢性脊髓受压 5例 ,均合并有其他类型的病理改变 ;脊髓软化 4例 ;脊髓空洞 2例 ;脊髓萎缩 3例 ;脊髓栓系 1例。结论　慢性脊髓损伤分别表现为脊髓囊变、空洞、萎缩、软化、栓系及慢性受压 6种病变 ,脊髓囊变与脊髓瞬间压迫伤有关 ,其病变局限。脊髓空洞及脊髓萎缩均与脊髓持续受压有关 ,病变潜在进展。脊髓软化可能由伤后脊髓缺血引起 ,脊髓栓系是伤后蛛网膜粘连造成     

颈椎管狭窄症的磁共振成像研究

目的：比较分析手术证实颈椎管狭窄症的MRI及X线和临床资料，明确颈椎管狭窄症的MRI概念及分型．材料和方法：对一组47例MRI进行各节段颈髓腹侧代偿间隙、颈髓和颈髓背侧代偿间隙矢状径测量;X线片上测量椎体、椎臂矢状径并计算Torg指数；采用JOA十七分法作临床评分。对MRI及X线和临床资料进行相关分析．结果：MRI示颈椎管狭窄患者的颈髓腹背侧代偿间隙、颈髓矢状径均减小，以病变节段最明显。MRI对临床表理的预示能力优于X线。MRI可以就狭窄范围、狭窄方向、狭窄程度和髓内信号改变行详尽分型．结论：颈椎管狭窄的MRI特征变化为正中矢状面上蛛网膜下腔减少或消失．和／或伴有脊髓的压迫变形，髓内信号异常．分类更准确地反映病理解剖及病理生理改变,密切地联系了临床，对颈椎管狭窄症的准确诊断和治疗选择有指导意义．     

无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的MRI分析

目的 :探讨无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的发生机理、好发部位及MRI特点。材料和方法 :回顾性分析 43例无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的MRI表现。结果 :共发现脊髓异常MR信号 46处 ,多位于C4-6水平 ,异常信号T1WI为低信号、等信号或高信号 ;T2WI为信号均匀或不均匀的高信号。结论 :MRI能显示脊髓损伤的范围和病理改变 ,明确脊髓损伤处有无突出椎间盘的持续性压迫。是无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤最好的检查方法     

Sensory neuronopathy involves the spinal cord and brachial plexus: a quantitative study employing multiple-echo data image combination (MEDIC) and turbo inversion recovery magnitude (TIRM)

Introduction

Sensory neuronopathy (SNN) is a distinctive subtype of peripheral neuropathies, specifically targeting dorsal root ganglion (DRG). We utilized MRI to demonstrate the imaging characteristics of DRG, spinal cord (SC), and brachial plexus at C7 level in SNN.

Methods

We attempted multiple-echo data image combination (MEDIC) and turbo inversion recovery magnitude (TIRM) methods in nine patients with sensory neuronopathy and compared with those in 16 disease controls and 20 healthy volunteers. All participants underwent MRI for the measurement of DRG, posterior column (PC), lateral column, and spinal cord area (SCA) at C7 level. DRG diameters were obtained through its largest cross section, standardized by dividing sagittal diameter of mid-C7 vertebral canal. We also made comparisons of standardized anteroposterior diameter (APD) and left–right diameters of SC and PC in these groups. Signal intensity and diameter of C7 spinal nerve were assessed on TIRM.

Results

Compared to control groups, signal intensities of DRG and PC were higher in SNN patients when using MEDIC, but the standardized diameters were shorter in either DRG or PC. Abnormal PC signal intensities were identified in eight out of nine SNN patients (89 %) with MEDIC and five out of nine (56 %) with T2-weighted images. SCA, assessed with MEDIC, was smaller in SNN patients than in the other groups, with significant reduction of its standardized APD. C7 nerve root diameters, assessed with TIRM, were decreased in SNN patients.

Conclusion

MEDIC and TIRM sequences demonstrate increased signal intensities and decreased area of DRG and PC, and decreased diameter of nerve roots in patients with SNN, which can play a significant role in early diagnosis.     

脊髓血管母细胞瘤的MRI诊断与鉴别诊断

目的探讨脊髓血管母细胞瘤的MRI表现特征。方法回顾性分析8例经手术和病理证实的脊髓血管母细胞瘤的临床及MRI检查资料。结果6例单发,2例多发,所有病灶均位于脊髓内,颈髓及胸髓各5个,肿瘤多呈点状或结节状、香肠状、葫芦形或不规则形,壁结节MRT1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,增强后肿瘤呈显著强化,肿瘤常继发囊肿或大范围脊髓空洞以及水肿,大于lcm的肿瘤内部及周围常见流空血管影。结论脊髓血管母细胞瘤的MRI影像表现具有特征性,掌握这些MRI表现有利于提高脊髓血管母细胞瘤的诊断正确性。     

椎管内肠源性囊肿的MRI与临床诊断

目的 探讨椎管内肠源性囊肿的MRI与临床表现,旨在提高对该病的认识与诊断水平。资料与方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的7例椎管内肠源性囊肿患者的MRI及临床资料,并复习相关文献。结果 7例椎管内肠源性囊肿均发生于髓外硬膜下,4例位于脊髓腹侧,3例位于背侧。脊髓受压变窄。平扫T1WI上类似或稍高于脑脊液信号,T2WI上为脑脊液样信号。增强扫描无明显强化。临床表现以脊髓压迫症状为主,均有短期内症状进行性加重的病程特点。结论 MRI对椎管内肠源性囊肿的诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要价值,对指导治疗及评价预后十分重要。     

阿-希二氏畸形合并脊髓空洞症的MRI研究

目的:利用MRI技术,研究Chiari Ⅰ畸形合并脊髓空洞症的影像学特征。材料与方法:回顾性分析经MRI证实的Chiari Ⅰ畸形55例,其中7例经手术治疗。用Siemens 1.0T MR扫描仪,对脊髓和后颅凹进行矢状和横断面扫描,选择SE T_1WI和T_2WI成像序列。结果:55例Chiari Ⅰ畸形患者中,小脑扁桃体下疝长度为6～25mm,平均9mm。合并脊髓空洞症42例(76％),其中30例(71％)有脊髓增粗,这多发生在无间隔的空洞中。呈“串珠样”改变者,脊髓径正常或变细。小脑扁桃体下疝的长度与脊髓增粗和脑室扩大无相关性。经手术治疗的7例中,5例扁桃体下疝消失,2例症状改善。1例复发。结论:MRI技术可以对Chiari Ⅰ畸形和脊髓空洞症患者提供术前影像学诊断,并可进行术后追踪观察。     

脊髓亚急性联合变性磁共振诊断价值

目的:评价MRI对恶急性联合变性(SCD)的诊断价值。方法:搜集21例临床怀疑SCD的患者行MRI矢状面T1 WI和T2WI、横轴面T2WI,其中8例行Gd DTPA增强扫描,10例治疗后行MRI复查。结果:所有患者均显示 T2WI上颈髓、胸髓后部、侧索呈高信号,有1例前索出现类似病灶,Gd-DTPA增强扫描所有病变区均未见明显强化。10 例经维生素B12治疗6-12个月后复查,示T2WI上原高信号病灶范围明显缩小或消失,与患者临床症状和体征的缓解和改善呈正相关。结论:MRI有助于SCD的诊断并可观察临床疗效。     

Spinal cord cavities: differential-diagnostic criteria in magnetic resonance imaging.

MRI examinations of 30 patients with idiopathic syringomyelia and 10 patients with cavities associated with an intramedullary neoplasm were evaluated with respect to typical MRI features in both groups. All tumor-associated cases resembled the idiopathic syringomyelias in some portions of the cavity. At the tumor site, however, tumor-associated cases demonstrated typical findings: the cavities showed abrupt changes of diameter (10/10) and position (8/10) and the surrounding spinal cord demonstrated an uneven thickness (10/10), an increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images (10/10) and pathological contrast enhancement (7/7). Displacement of cerebellar tonsils below the level of the foramen magnum (21/30) and enlargement of the spinal canal (7/29) were characteristic features of idiopathic cases. In conclusion, MRI provides valuable criteria to differentiate between idiopathic and tumor-associated cavities.