降尿酸药物在临床应用的相关问题

随着生活水平的提高,高尿酸血症常出现在高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病等传统代谢性心血管疾病中,容易引起痛风性关节炎或肾病,加重动脉粥样硬化、冠心病、高血压和糖尿病,降尿酸药物对于高尿酸血症合并心血管危险因素并且血尿酸〉8mg/dL的患者,以及无合并症但血尿酸值〉9mg/dL的患者,降尿酸药物发挥了越来越重要的作用。     

儿童肿瘤溶解综合征高尿酸血症的诊治进展

高尿酸血症是肿瘤溶解综合征（tumor lysis syndrome,TLS）中的一种严重合并症。尿酸作为人体嘌呤代谢的终产物,在生理条件下主要的存在形式为尿酸盐。血液中的尿酸盐几乎全部被肾小球滤过,而TLS所引起的大量尿酸堆积超过了肾小球的滤过能力,出现"高尿酸血症"。过剩的尿酸随血液到达人体的各个组织器官引起全身性疾病,患者可有恶心呕吐等症状,尿酸沉积在关节和肾脏中可产生关节疼痛及肾绞痛。若高尿酸血症引发急性尿酸盐肾病,则会出现严重的氮质血症和肾功能衰竭。既往只有别嘌呤醇可供临床医生选择用于高尿酸血症的预防,而对已经形成的高尿酸血症并无针对性的药物可以应用。近16年来由于尿酸氧化酶投入市场,临床医生对于预防与治疗TLS所致高尿酸血症的处理变得游刃有余。本文重点对高尿酸血症和尿酸氧化酶的临床应用进展做一综述。     

高尿酸血症与疾病关系的研究进展

尿酸是人类嘌呤代谢的终产物,主要经过肾脏排泄。近年来高尿酸血症和痛风的发病率逐渐上升,长期高尿酸血症易诱发痛风,还容易累及肾脏和心血管系统。本文就高尿酸血症与尿酸水平与心血管病、糖尿病、高血压、肾脏病等疾病的相关性等方面进行了综述。     

高血压病患者血尿酸水平与靶器官损害的相关性研究

目的 研究高尿酸血症与原发性高血压靶器官损害的关系.方法 选择2005年8月-2009年9月住院的高血压病患者298例,按尿酸水平分为高尿酸组及正常尿酸组,比较2组一般临床资料及血尿酸水平与高血压靶器官损害情况,分析高尿酸血症的相关危险因素.结果 尿酸与三酰甘油、血肌酐等呈正相关(P<0.05);颈动脉病变、视网膜病变与血尿酸呈正相关,合并左心室肥厚、脑血管意外、肾脏损害者,血尿酸值也显著升高.结论 原发性高血压病尿酸与多因素相关,高尿酸血症与高血压靶器官损害密切相关,表明高尿酸血症在高血压病的发生发展过程中起重要的作用.     

高血压合并冠心病患者血清血尿酸浓度测定值变化分析

目的分析高血压合并冠心病患者血清尿酸浓度测定值变化。方法连续选择69例高血压合并冠心病患者和74例同期就诊的单纯高血压病患者,对照组为70名同期体检及结论健康者。3组对象均在入院、就诊或体检后次晨接受了血清尿酸浓度测定。结果高血压合并冠心病组的血尿酸浓度、高尿酸血症例数及高尿酸血症患病率均明显高于单纯高血压组和对照组,同时单纯高血压组的血尿酸浓度、高尿酸血症例数及高尿酸血症患病率也明显高于对照组（P均〈0.01～0.05）。结论高血压合并冠心病患者存在着明确的血清尿酸高浓度表达。     

高尿酸血症和降尿酸治疗对慢性病影响的研究进展

随着人们生活水平的提高和生活方式的改变,高尿酸血症发病率逐渐升高,高尿酸血症与高血压、糖尿病、慢性肾脏病及心血管疾病等慢性病的关系研究越来越深入。随着研究的进行,更多的证据证实高尿酸血症可能是上述慢性病的独立危险因素;同时,通过降尿酸治疗是否可以降低慢性病的发生风险,也在进一步证实。本文对近期关于高尿酸血症及降尿酸治疗对慢性病影响的研究进行归纳、总结,以提高临床对尿酸水平的重视,为慢性病的防治提供依据。     

氯沙坦钾与依那普利治疗轻中度高血压伴高尿酸血症比较观察

高血压是最常见的心血管疾病。临床发现高血压伴高尿酸血症的患者越来越多，临床流行病学表明，高尿酸血症对于男性及女性均是心血管疾病的独立危险因子。有高血压和高尿酸血症的患者比有高血压而无高尿酸血症的患者心血管危险疾病的危险性要高1倍。所以这类患者在降压治疗的同时降尿酸治疗非常重要。氯沙坦钾作为一种血管紧张素Ⅱ(A     

中、老年人高尿酸血症与高血压关系的探讨

目的:探讨中老年人高尿酸血症与高血压关系。方法:采用全自动生化分析仪,检测1125例中、老年的血尿酸,按检测结果分为正常血尿酸组和高尿酸血症组,并测量两组的高血压人数比较分析。结果:高尿酸血症组伴高血压的发生率显著高于正常尿酸组。结论:高尿酸血症与高血压有密切的相关性。     

尿酸水平与高血压关系的临床研究

目的探讨尿酸水平与高血压的关系。方法对德州市城镇职工98 488人查体资料进行横断分析。结果高尿酸血症组男性和女性高血压患病率与非高尿酸血症组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高尿酸血症是导致高血压的危险因素,高尿酸血症对女性患者罹患高血压的风险(OR=3.979)是男性(OR=2.064)的1.93倍。     

高血压合并高尿酸血症与糖脂代谢的相关性研究

目的探讨高血压合并高尿酸血症与脂代谢、肾功能、糖代谢的相关性。方法收集2012年1月~2013年6月在重庆医科大学附一院住院的高血压病人相关资料,并对其进行相关分析。结果高血压合并高尿酸血症患病率为37.68%;尿酸水平随着高血压级别升高而增加,Ⅲ级高血压病人的尿酸水平明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ级高血压病人。随高血压级别增高,TC、APOA1、APOB、CREA、Cys-C呈升高趋势,HDL-c、动脉硬化指数(Arteviosclerosis index,ASI)呈降低趋势,表明高血压与脂代谢紊乱、肾功能障碍有关;高尿酸(Hyperuricemia,HUA)组与正常尿酸(SUA)组相比,HDL-c、ASI、CREA、Cys-C、GLU、GGT、APOA1、TG变化比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),表明高血压合并高尿酸患者脂代谢紊乱、肾功能障碍及糖代谢异常比单纯高血压患者严重。高尿酸血症影响因素非条件logistic分析,反过来证实HDL-C、ASI、CREA、Cys-C、GLU、GGT与高尿酸血症紧密相关。结论高血压合并高尿酸血症与脂代谢紊乱、肾功能障碍、糖代谢异常紧密相关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.