急性缺血性卒中患者血浆D-二聚体水平与溶栓预后的关系研究

摘要：目的 探讨血浆D-二聚体水平与急性缺血性卒中患者溶栓预后结局之间的关系。方法 选取2020年9月—2022年9月在我院接受静脉溶栓治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者150例为研究对象，根据发病90d后的改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分将患者分为预后良好组（mRS 0～2分）和预后不良组（mRS 3～6分）。比较患者的基线资料及血浆D-二聚体水平等实验室检查指标，并采用多因素Logistic回归分析血浆D-二聚体水平与急性缺血性卒中患者溶栓预后结局之间的关系。结果96例患者被归为预后良好组，54例患者被归为预后不良组，两组患者合并糖尿病比例、心房颤动比例、入院美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表（NIHSS）评分、血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平有统计学差异(P＜0.05)，预后不良组血浆D-二聚体水平明显高于预后良好组(P＜0.001)，多因素Logistic回归分析显示高水平血浆D-二聚体是急性缺血性卒中溶栓后预后不良的独立危险因素（OR=1.968，95%CI 1.277-3.281, P＜0.001）。结论 血浆D-二聚体水平可以作为急性缺血性卒中患者溶栓预后结局的重要参考指标，检测血浆D-二聚体水平有利于临床筛查预后不良患者。     

颅内静脉窦血栓形成患者D-二聚体、红细胞分布宽度与预后的相关性分析*

目的：探讨颅内静脉窦血栓形成(CVST)患者D-二聚体（D-D）和红细胞分布宽度（RDW）的变化及其与预后的相关性。方法：收集32例CVST患者为观察组,以同期住院的32例青年脑梗死患者为对照组,对两组患者的血红蛋白、D-D、平均红细胞体积、RDW、平均血小板体积、血小板计数、活化部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶原时间和国际标准化比值进行比较。采用多变量logistic回归分析CVST发病的危险因素。应用改良Rankin量表将CVST患者分为转归良好组和转归不良组,采用多变量logistic回归分析影响转归的危险因素。结果：与对照组相比,CVST组患者D-D（P=0.001）及RDW增高（P=0.002）,MCV值降低（P=0.001）,差异均有统计学意义。logistic回归分析提示D-D和RDW增高是发生CVST的危险因素。与转归不良组相比,转归良好组D-D（P=0.002）及RDW（P=0.001）均显著减低（P＜0.05）,差异均有统计学意义。logistic回归分析提示D-D和RDW增高是CVST患者预后不良的危险因素。结论：CVST患者D-D和RDW增高是CVST发生和预后不良的危险因素。     

D-二聚体检测在颅内静脉窦血栓形成中早期诊断价值研究

目的:通过检测颅内静脉窦血栓形成(CVST)患者的血清D-二聚体水平,评估其对CVST患者早期诊断价值。方法:检测40例疑似CVST患者,分别对他们进行血清D-二聚体和头颅血管造影(DSA)检查,对比分析检查结果。结果:在40例疑似CVST的患者中,检测出34例D-二聚体呈现阳性,其中32例经头颅DSA检查确诊为CVST,6例D-二聚体阴性的患者中,经头颅DSA检查1例确诊为CVST。血清D-二聚体检测用于CVST诊断的灵敏度和特异度分别为96.97%和71.42%,阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别为94.12%和83.33%。头颅DSA证实CVST组平均D-二聚体值为(2288.25±1327.35)μg/L,正常对照组平均D-二聚体值为(128.61±112.62)μg/L,头颅DSA证实CVST组与正常对照组对比,D-二聚体水平差异有统计学意义。结论:D-二聚体是反映CVST继发血液凝结状态和纤溶亢进的指标,对CVST的早期诊断有临床意义。     

NLR在急性缺血性脑卒中患者早期神经功能损伤、预后及复发风险评估中的价值

目的探讨中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）在急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）患者早期神经功能损伤、预后及复发风险评估中的价值。方法选取2022年4月至2023年10月宁波市医疗中心李惠利医院收治的经临床和影像学检查证实为AIS的患者236例为研究对象,根据TOAST分型标准分为大动脉粥样硬化型151例、心源性栓塞型30例、小动脉闭塞型55例。比较不同TOAST分型AIS患者性别、年龄、高血压史、糖尿病史、吸烟史、饮酒史、入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NI-HSS）、改良Rankin量表（mRS）、Essen卒中风险评分量表（ESRS）评分、中性粒细胞绝对值（N）、NLR、红细胞分布宽度（RDW）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、D-二聚体、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、IL-6、IL-10的差异。根据入院时NIHSS、mRS、ESRS评分结果,采用单因素及多因素二元logistic回归分析影响AIS患者神经功能损伤程度、预后状况及复发风险的因素。ROC曲线评估实验室指标判断AIS患者神经功能损伤程度、预后状况及复发风险的效能。采用Spearman秩相关分析AIS患者NLR与NIHSS评分、mRS评分、ESRS评分的相关性。结果不同TOAST分型AIS患者年龄、NIHSS评分、mRS评分、ESRS评分、N、NLR、RDW、hs-CRP、D-二聚体、Hcy、IL-6、IL-10水平比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。多因素分析显示,NLR是AIS患者神经功能损伤程度的独立影响因素（P＜0.05）。NLR、hs-CRP、D-二聚体是AIS患者神经功能预后状况的独立影响因素（均P＜0.05）。NLR、D-二聚体是AIS患者复发风险的独立影响因素（均P＜0.05）。NLR判断AIS患者神经功能损伤程度的最佳截断值为2.52,灵敏度为0.734,特异度为0.528,AUC为0.670。NLR联合hs-CRP、D-二聚体判断AIS患者神经功能预后状况的最佳截断值为0.40,灵敏度为0.718,特异度为0.730,AUC为0.781。NLR联合D-二聚体判断AIS患者复发风险的最佳截断值为0.42,灵敏度为0.736,特异度为0.661,AUC为0.736。Spearman秩相关分析显示,NLR与NIHSS评分、mRS评分、ESRS评分均呈正相关（rs=0.291、0.358、0.277,均P＜0.001）。结论NLR在AIS患者早期神经功能损伤、预后及复发风险评估中具有一定临床价值,NLR联合hs-CRP、D-二聚体等指标可有效提高AIS患者神经功能预后评估的效能。     

老年全身炎症反应综合征患者血小板和D-二聚体与APACHEⅡ评分的相关性

目的 探讨血清D-二聚体水平、血小板（PLT）计数与老年全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）病情严重程度的关系,及其判断患者预后的临床价值. 方法 检测158例SIRS患者及40例非SIRS患者入院第1天血清D-二聚体水平、血小板计数,并做APACHEⅡ评分,比较各指标在不同病情患者之间的差异,并分析D-二聚体水平、血小板计数水平变化及与APACHEⅡ评分的相关性. 结果 SIRS组血清D-二聚体及APACHEⅡ评分明显高于非SIRS组（P＜0.01）.SIRS组血小板低于非SIRS组（P＜0.01）.在SIRS组中,预后不良患者D-二聚体及APACHEⅡ评分明显高于预后良好患者,而血小板低于预后良好者,两组间指标差异有显著性（P＜0.01）.血清D-二聚体与APACHE Ⅱ评分明显正相关（P＜0.01）,血小板与APACHEⅡ评分明显负相关（P＜0.01）. 结论 老年SIRS患者D-二聚体增高与血小板计数降低提示病情危重、预后不良,联合观察D-二聚体及血小板计数,同时结合APACHEⅡ评分,对了解SIRS病情的严重程度有一定意义.     

急性脑梗死患者同型半胱氨酸及凝血纤溶相关指标的检测及意义

目的：探讨同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、凝血及纤溶指标对判断急性脑梗死疾病的进展与预后的意义.方法：收集45例急性脑梗死患者（急性脑梗死组）和30例健康体检者（对照组）外周血,检测血浆中Hcy、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体和纤溶酶原的含量,采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分、改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分对急性脑梗死患者疾病的进展及预后进行评估和分组,观察不同预后与不同进展各组患者血浆Hcy、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体和纤溶酶原的含量变化.结果：急性脑梗死组患者血浆Hcy、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体含量高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;急性脑梗死组患者血浆中纤溶酶原的含量低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;与急性脑梗死疾病进展组相比,非进展组患者的Hcy、纤维蛋白原及D-二聚体含量较低,纤溶酶原含量较高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;急性脑梗死患者预后良好组与不良组的Hcy、纤维蛋白原及纤溶酶原的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,预后良好组D-二聚体含量较预后不良组明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论：检测Hcy及凝血纤溶相关指标的含量可有效判断急性脑梗死患者病情、预后和进展,D-二聚体含量与患者的预后相关.     

ASPECTS评分联合D-二聚体、Hcy对急性缺血性脑卒中患者溶栓近期预后的预测价值分析

目的 探究Alberta卒中项目早期CT评分（ASPECTS）联合血清D-二聚体、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）对静脉溶栓的急性缺血性脑卒中患者近期预后的预测价值。方法 选取2017年1月—2019年7月攀枝花学院附属医院114例急性缺血性脑卒中患者为研究对象，根据3个月后的预后情况分为预后良好组（82例）与预后不良组（32例）。比较两组及不同临床特征患者的ASPECTS评分及血清D-二聚体、Hcy水平；分析ASPECTS评分及血清D-二聚体、Hcy与临床特征和预后的关系；采用Spearman法评价ASPECTS评分与血清D-二聚体、Hcy的相关性；绘制受试者工作特征曲线，分析ASPECTS评分及血清D-二聚体、Hcy水平对静脉溶栓的急性缺血性脑卒中患者近期预后的预测价值。结果 预后不良组年龄、梗死面积、发病至溶栓时间、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）、意识障碍、ASPECTS评分、D-二聚体、Hcy与预后良好组比较，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）；大面积梗死患者ASPECTS评分低于非大面积梗死患者（P <0.05），血清D-二聚体、Hcy水平高于非大面积梗死患者（P <0.05）；NIHSS评分> 10分患者ASPECTS评分低于NIHSS评分≤10分患者（P <0.05），血清D-二聚体、Hcy水平高于NIHSS评分≤10分患者（P <0.05）；有意识障碍患者ASPECTS评分低于无意识障碍患者（P <0.05），血清D-二聚体、Hcy水平高于无意识障碍患者（P <0.05）；多因素逐步Logistic回归分析结果显示，发病至溶栓时间［O^R=4.850（95% CI：1.831，12.824）］、NIHSS评分［O^R=5.546（95% CI：2.139，14.376）］、ASPECTS评分［O^R=0.567（95% CI：0.424，0.756）］、D-二聚体［O^R=21.802（95% CI：3.915，121.384）］、Hcy［O^R=1.454（95% CI：1.167，1.811）］是影响静脉溶栓的急性缺血性脑卒中患者近期预后的独立危险因素；ASPECTS评分与血清D-二聚体、Hcy呈负相关（r_s =-0.718和-0.758，均P =0.000）；ASPECTS评分、D-二聚体、Hcy联合预测预后的敏感性为75.00%（95% CI：0.563，0.879），特异性为89.02%（95% CI：0.797，0.946）。结论 发病至溶栓时间、NIHSS评分、ASPECTS评分、血清D-二聚体、血清Hcy是影响静脉溶栓的急性缺血性脑卒中患者近期预后的独立危险因素，且血清D-二聚体、Hcy水平变化与ASPECTS评分关系密切，三者联合对预后具有很高的预测价值，可为临床完善治疗方案提供参考。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者院内主要心血管不良事件的危险因素分析

目的 探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者住院期间主要心血管不良事件（MACEs）发生的相关危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2019年4月至2020年5月在亳州市人民医院心血管内科确诊为STEMI的患者237例,按照是否发生MACEs,分为MACEs组（n=69）和对照组（n=168）。比较两组患者临床资料,通过单因素及多因素logistic回归分析,评估STEMI患者发生MACEs的危险因素及OR值;排除D-二聚体缺失资料的24例患者,将其中有完整D-二聚体资料的213例患者分为D-二聚体升高组（n=47）和D-二聚体正常组（n=166）,分析D-二聚体水平与各变量的相关性。结果 多因素logistic回归分析显示,入院前发生心源性休克、高血栓负荷状态及较低的LVEF是STEMI患者住院期间发生MACEs的危险因素（OR值=87.477、3.258和0.917;P<0.05）;D-二聚体水平与年龄、心源性休克、RDW、NT-proBNP、GLU及MACEs成正相关（r=0.338、0.360、0.223、0.429、0.167、0.270,P均<0.05）。结论 高血...     

血浆皮质醇联合D-二聚体对脓毒症患者疾病严重程度及预后的评估价值

目的 探讨脓毒症患者血浆皮质醇、D-二聚体水平与病情严重程度和预后的相关性。方法 选择蚌埠医学院第二附属医院重症医学科2020年5月至2021年12月收治的60例脓毒症患者,根据预后情况分为死亡组（19例）和存活组（41例）。比较两组患者的血浆皮质醇、D-二聚体水平和急性生理与慢性健康评分Ⅱ（acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ）、序贯性器官衰竭评分（sequentialorganfailureassessment,SOFA）,以及不同APACHEⅡ、SOFA评分区间患者皮质醇、D-二聚体水平的差异;采用Spearman检验分析皮质醇、D-二聚体水平与APACHEⅡ、SOFA评分的相关性,多因素logistic回归分析脓毒症患者死亡的危险因素;绘制受试者工作特征曲线,以曲线下面积（area under the curve,AUC）评估皮质醇、D-二聚体的预后评估价值。结果 死亡组患者血浆皮质醇、D-二聚体水平及APACHEⅡ、SOFA评分均显著高于存活组（P<0.05）。随着APACHEⅡ、SOFA评分上升...     

血浆B型脑钠肽前体和 D-二聚体水平对急性脑梗塞预后的影响

目的：研究急性脑梗死患者 D-二聚体与血浆 B 型脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）水平对患者预后的影响。方法：临床纳入80例我院2013年3月～2015年3月期间收治的急性脑梗死患者作为脑梗死组,另选取同期80例来我院体检中心健康检查的正常人作为对照组,观察两组对象 D-二聚体以及 NT-proBNP 水平。将脑梗死组患者根据脑梗死面积分为大面积脑梗组（n=32）与小面积脑梗组（n=48）,观察两组不同脑梗死面积患者的 D-二聚体、NT-proBNP 水平以及神经功能。比较存活与死亡病例入院时相关指标水平,观察 D-二聚体与 NT-proBNP 水平对预后的影响。结果：脑梗死组患者 D-二聚体以及 NT-proBNP 水平均明显高于对照组。大面积脑梗组患者 D-二聚体、NT-proBNP 水平以及 NIHSS 评分均明显高于对照组。对患者随访半年,死亡患者入院时候 D-二聚体、NT-proBNP 水平均远高于生存的患者。结论：急性脑梗死患者 D-二聚体以及 NT-proBNP 水平明显升高,且脑梗死面积越大,D-二聚体、NT-proBNP 水平越高,患者预后效果越差。D-二聚体以及 NT-proBNP 可作为观察急性脑梗死患者预后判断的临床指标。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.