比索洛尔治疗37例急性心肌梗死后无症状性心肌缺血

目的;观察比索洛尔对急性心肌梗死后无症状性心肌缺血的治疗作用。方法;用随机对照方法将７３例ＡＭＩ患者分为比索洛尔治疗组和对照组,采用２４小时动态心电图记录用药后无症状性心肌缺血发作情况,同时行核素心功能检查。     

Long-term prognosis after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with/without ST elevation myocardial infarction

Aim

To describe the 3-year survival of patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) taking into account the presence of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and evaluating prognostic factors associated with pre-hospital and hospital care.

Patient group

Over a period of 29 months and with the aid of a questionnaire supplied to 24 rescue stations, we prospectively included 560 individuals (415 men; aged 16–97 years, median 68) for whom cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for OHCA of confirmed cardiac etiology was attempted.

Results

Of 149 hospitalized individuals, 28.2% survived 1 year and 25.5% survived 3 years after OHCA. In the subgroup of patients with STEMI (26 individuals; 17.5%), 57.7% survived 1 year and 53.9% survived 3 years. In the subgroup of patients without STEMI (n = 123), 22% survived 1 year and 19.5% survived 3 years. The strongest predictors for long-term survival by logistic regression analysis were: age under 70 years, ventricular fibrillation as initial rhythm, CPR without atropine, and STEMI. OHCA occurrence at a public place was an indicator of better survival in the subgroup with STEMI. In the subgroup of patients without STEMI, long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment, CPR without atropine, a Glasgow Coma Scale upon hospital admission over 3, no presence of cardiogenic shock, and no manifestations of postanoxic encephalopathy (Fisher's exact test, χ² test) were indicators of better survival.

Conclusion

Among 560 individuals with “primary cardiac” etiology OHCA and initiation of professional CPR, 8% survived 1 year and 7% survived 3 years. A higher survival rate among patients with STEMI was documented.     

急性心肌梗塞后远离区心肌缺血患者出院后随访与分析

通过６２例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）后有远离区心肌缺血患者和５５例无远离区心肌缺血患者的随访资料分析，显示前者再次梗塞（１３例）、左心衰竭（３１例）与猝死（１５例）等发生率均显著高于后者（分别为３例、６例和４例，Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００５）。提示远离区心肌缺血可显著影响ＡＭＩ患者的预后。作者指出，改善患者预后的关键是改善远离区心肌的缺血性改变及早期防治冠心病易患因素，并及时防治梗塞后心绞痛、室性早搏与左心衰竭等。如内科防治措施不奏效时，应考虑外科或介入性治疗。     

Proteinase 3 and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction

A multimarker approach may be useful for risk stratification in AMI (acute myocardial infarction) patients, particularly utilizing pathways that are pathophysiologically distinct. Our aim was to assess the prognostic value of PR3 (proteinase 3) in patients post-AMI. We compared the prognostic value of PR3, an inflammatory marker, with an established marker NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) post-AMI. We recruited 900 consecutive post-AMI patients (700 men; age, 64.6±12.4?years) in a prospective study with follow-up over 347 (0-764) days. Plasma PR3 was significantly higher in patients who died [666.2 (226.8-4035.5) ng/ml; P<0.001] or were readmitted with heart failure [598 (231.6-1803.9) ng/ml, P<0.004] compared with event-free survivors [486.9 (29.3-3118.2) ng/ml]. Using Cox modelling, log10 PR3 [HR (hazard ratio), 3.80] and log10 NT-proBNP (HR, 2.51) were significant independent predictors of death or heart failure. When patients were stratified by plasma NT-proBNP (median, 1023?pmol/l), PR3 gave additional predictive value for death or heart failure, in both the patients in whom NT-proBNP level was above the median (log rank for trend, 12.54; P<0.0004) and those with NT-proBNP level below the median (log rank for trend, 3.83; P<0.05). Neither marker predicted recurrent AMI. In conclusion, this is the first report showing a potential role for the serine protease PR3 in determining mortality and incidence of heart failure following AMI, independent of established conventional risk factors. PR3 may represent a clinically useful marker of prognosis after an AMI as part of a multimarker strategy.     

小剂量地高辛早期应用对急性心肌梗死合并心力衰竭患者PCI术后远期预后的价值

目的研究小剂量地高辛早期应用对急性心肌梗死合并心力衰竭患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后远期预后的价值。方法连续选择200例符合本研究的患者随机分为对照组和观察组各100例。PCI术后药物治疗包括双联抗血小板、降脂和抗心力衰竭治疗,观察组术后立即给予小剂量(0.125~0.250mg/d)地高辛。根据恢复状态尽早进行个性化运动训练。对比治疗效果。结果治疗前、后两组左室舒张末内径比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组左室射血分数均较前升高,血清N末端脑利钠肽前体较前降低,且观察组改善更明显,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组总心脏不良事件发生率、心力衰竭加重和心源性猝死比例均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组药物相关的不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论急性心肌梗死合并心力衰竭患者PCI术后早期给予小剂量地高辛治疗,对改善近期心功能,降低远期主要心脏不良事件发生率获益较多,且不增加不良反应。     

心肌缺血预适应对急性心肌梗死面积及近期预后的影响

目的 :观察急性心肌梗死前心绞痛发作与梗死范围及近期预后的关系。方法 :选择 178例急性心肌梗死患者 ,根据梗死前 72h以上有无心绞痛 ,分为A组 (有心绞痛 ) 76例 ,B组 (无心绞痛 ) 10 2例。对两组的梗死面积、并发症和病死率进行统计分析。结果 :A组梗死面积小 (两组间有显著差异 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,住院期间严重心律失常、心力衰竭、心原性休克发生率及病死率均低于B组 (两组间有显著差异 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论 :急性心肌梗死前有心绞痛发作对心肌有明显的保护作用     

急性心肌梗死患者应激性血糖升高的临床研究

目的研究急性心肌梗死时应激性高血糖对患者心功能、心律失常及院内死亡率的影响。方法200例急性心肌梗死患者被分成非糖尿病组及糖尿病组,前者又被分为应激性血糖增高组及血糖正常组,并详细记录三组患者的临床资料。结果非糖尿病血糖增高组心力衰竭、心律失常及院内死亡率均高于血糖正常组,而血糖>10.0 mmol/L组,则上述指标与糖尿病患者相似。结论急性心肌梗死时伴有应激性高血糖可增加患者心力衰竭、心律失常及院内死亡率。     

红细胞比容对急性心肌梗死患者预后的影响

Objective To examine the relationship between hematocrit and risk of long term mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods A total of 274 patients with acute myocardial infarction were recruited and divided into two groups by death after long term follow-up, the relationship between hematocrit and mortality was evaluated through the methods of independent t-test,chi-square test and multivariate regression analysis. Results The mean age was 69. 79 ± 7.45 years, with 73. 0% of male. The average of followup was 44. 4± 10. 7 months, with mortality of 38.7% . Comparison of baseline data showed that NYHA classification, smoking history, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean red cell volume, glomerular filtration rate, ejection fraction,left ventricular diastolic diameter and right ventricular diameter was significantly different between the two groups( Ps ＜ 0. 05), Multivariable logistic analysis showed that hematocrit ,glomerular filtration rate, ejection fraction and smoking history were independently predicted factors, with OR of 0. 904 (95% CI: 0. 832 - 0. 982,P =0. 016) ,0. 983 (95% CI: 0. 969 -0. 996,P =0. 014) ,0. 932 (95% CI: 0. 887 -0. 979,P =0. 005) and 3. 230 (95% CI: 1.468 - 7. 106, P = 0. 004), respectively. The power of hematocrit to predict mortality was examined by ROC curves, the area under the curve was 0. 669(P ＜ 0. 001,95% CI: 0. 603 - 0. 736) Conclusion Hematocrit is a significant independent predictor for long term death among patients with acute myocardial infarction.     

红细胞比容对急性心肌梗死患者预后的影响

目的 探讨红细胞比容(HCT)与急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者远期病死率之间的相关性.方法 观察分析274例AMI患者的血液及心脏超声指标,并随访患者出院后生存情况,按是否死亡分为死亡组(106例)与非死亡组(168例),通过组间单因素比较、相关性分析以及多因素回归等方法分析各临床指标与病死率之间的相关性.结果 入选的274例患者平均年龄(69.79±7.45)岁,男性200例(73.0%),随访(44.4±10.7)个月,远期病死率为38.7%.2组组间基线资料比较发现NYHA分级、吸烟史、血红蛋白、HCT、平均红细胞体积、肾小球滤过率、射血分数、左室舒张末期内径以及右室内径差异有统计学意义,此9项指标经多因素回归分析结果显示HCT(OR=0.904,95%CI:0.832～0.982,P=0.016)、肾小球率过滤(OR=0.983,95%CI:0.969～0.996,P=0.014)、射血分数(OR=0.932,95%CI:0.887～0.979,P=0.005)以及吸烟史(OR=3.230,95%CI:1.468～7.106,P=0.004)与远期病死率有显著相关性.通过ROC曲线检验HCT的预测效能,计算ROC曲线下面积为0.669(P＜0.001,95%CI:0.603～0.736).结论 HCT可作为AMI患者远期死亡的独立预测因素.

Abstract：

Objective To examine the relationship between hematocrit and risk of long term mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods A total of 274 patients with acute myocardial infarction were recruited and divided into two groups by death after long term follow-up, the relationship between hematocrit and mortality was evaluated through the methods of independent t-test,chi-square test and multivariate regression analysis. Results The mean age was 69. 79 ± 7.45 years, with 73. 0% of male. The average of followup was 44. 4± 10. 7 months, with mortality of 38.7% . Comparison of baseline data showed that NYHA classification, smoking history, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean red cell volume, glomerular filtration rate, ejection fraction,left ventricular diastolic diameter and right ventricular diameter was significantly different between the two groups( Ps ＜ 0. 05), Multivariable logistic analysis showed that hematocrit ,glomerular filtration rate, ejection fraction and smoking history were independently predicted factors, with OR of 0. 904 (95% CI: 0. 832 - 0. 982,P =0. 016) ,0. 983 (95% CI: 0. 969 -0. 996,P =0. 014) ,0. 932 (95% CI: 0. 887 -0. 979,P =0. 005) and 3. 230 (95% CI: 1.468 - 7. 106, P = 0. 004), respectively. The power of hematocrit to predict mortality was examined by ROC curves, the area under the curve was 0. 669(P ＜ 0. 001,95% CI: 0. 603 - 0. 736) Conclusion Hematocrit is a significant independent predictor for long term death among patients with acute myocardial infarction.     

Predictive value of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients with or without silent myocardial ischemia

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) and cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in asymptomatic diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We recruited 120 diabetic patients with no history of myocardial infarction or angina, a normal 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), and two or more additional risk factors. SMI assessment was carried out by means of an ECG stress test, a thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy with dipyridamole, and 48-h ECG monitoring. CAN was searched for by standardized tests evaluating heart rate variations. Accurate follow-up information for 3-7 years (mean 4.5) was obtained in 107 patients. RESULTS: There was evidence of SMI in 33 patients (30.7%). CAN was detected in 33 of the 75 patients (38.9%) who were tested, and a major cardiac event occurred in 11 of them. Among these 75 patients, the proportion of major cardiac events in the SMI+ patients was not significantly higher than that in the SMI- patients (6 of 25 vs. 5 of 50 patients), whereas it was significantly higher in the CAN+ patients than in the CAN- patients (8 of 33 vs. 3 of 42 patients; P = 0.04), with a relative risk of 4.16 (95% CI 1.01-17.19) and was the highest in the patients with both SMI and CAN (5 of 10 patients). After adjusting for SMI, there was a significant association between CAN and major cardiac events (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: In asymptomatic diabetic patients, CAN appears to be a better predictor of major cardiac events than SMI. The risk linked to CAN appears to be independent of SMI and is the highest when CAN is associated with SMI.     

血浆微小核糖核酸-21对急性心肌梗死患者心肌缺血程度及预后的评估价值分析

目的 探讨血浆微小核糖核酸-21(miRNA-21)水平评估急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者心肌缺血严重程度及预后的临床价值.方法 选取150例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者作为研究对象,根据心肌缺血严重程度将患者分为轻度组(SYNTAX评分＜23分)58例、中度组(SYNTAX评分23～ 32分)48例和重度组(SYNTAX评分＞32分)44例.比较3组治疗前后血浆miRNA-21、生化指标水平以及Gensini评分.采用Pearson直线相关分析评估血浆miRNA-21与Gensini评分、SYNTAX评分的相关性.随访1年,依据主要不良心血管事件(MACE)随访结果将患者分为非MACE组108例和MACE组42例,比较上述临床指标的差异.采用多元Logistic回归分析评估上述指标与预后的相关性.应用受试者工作特征(ROG)曲线分析血浆miRNA-21水平对AMI患者预后的诊断性能.结果 中度组的血浆miRNA-21、Gensini评分及SYNTAX评分均低于重度组但高于轻度组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).3组低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、餐后2h血糖(2hPBG)、空腹血糖(FBG)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);3组间凝血酶原时间(PT)、国际标准化比率(INR)比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).血浆miRNA-21水平与Gensini评分、SYNTAX评分呈正相关(r=0.823、0.784,P=0.029、0.033).随访1年,MACE组的血浆miRNA-21水平高于非MACE组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001).血浆miRNA-21水平、Gensini评分与SYNTAX评分是AMI患者随访1年预后的影响因素(OR=3.656、2.887、2.913,P=0.013、0.036、0.029).血浆miRNA-21截断值3.25预测AMI患者随访1年MACE发生的曲线下面积为0.824,灵敏度为83.9％,特异度为87.6％ (P=0.023).结论 血浆miRNA-21能有效评估AMI患者心肌缺血严重程度,对近期预后有较好的预测价值.     

Drug-induced myocardial ischemia and acute myocardial infarction.

Myocardial infarction generally occurs in the presence of known risk factors and identifiable coronary artery disease. Atypical presentations due to therapeutic and illicit drug use are documented, however, and lead to the consideration of alternative pathophysiologic rationales for myocardial infarction. This article discusses central nervous system stimulants and other drugs that have the potential for myocardial damage and their nursing implications.     

护理干预对急性心肌梗死病人预后的影响

急性心肌梗死（AMI）为内科常见急危重症，病情变化快，病死率高，护理质量对病情的转归起着不容忽视的作用。我院急诊科自2004年1月-2006年4月共收治急性心肌梗死病人110例，通过对病人实行全面、系统、有效的护理干预，取得了较为满意的效果。现将护理方法和体会介绍如下。     

院前急救对急性心肌梗死患者预后的影响

目的探讨院前急救对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者预后的影响,并就其可能存在的问题提出对策。方法将86例AMI患者分为两组,其中经过院前急救的32例为抢救组,另外未经院前急救的54例为对照组,然后比较两组人院后的抢救成功率。结果抢救组入院后的抢救成功率高于对照组,两组比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论院前的及时救治是成功抢救AMI患者的关键。     

In-hospital prognosis of patients with fasting hyperglycemia after first myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and prognostic significance of fasting hyperglycemia in a large group of patients with a first myocardial infarction. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood glucose was measured after an 8-h overnight fast in 752 patients with a first myocardial infarction. Three groups of patients were identified: patients with normal fasting blood glucose (92.5%), patients with fasting hyperglycemia but no prior history of glucose intolerance (3%), and patients previously known to have diabetes mellitus (4.5%). RESULTS: The fasting hyperglycemic patients were significantly older and had significantly more in-hospital complications than the normal blood glucose group. Previously known diabetic subjects tended to be older and had more mechanical complications postinfarction than the group with normal blood glucose but the difference did not reach statistical significance. There was no significant difference between the diabetic subjects and patients with fasting hyperglycemia in mean age and in-hospital prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Fasting hyperglycemia detected after a first myocardial infarction is associated with a poor in-hospital prognosis that was not due to larger infarct size, as reflected in peak levels of cardiac enzymes. The measurement of a fasting blood glucose level provides additional information in identifying high-risk groups of patients postinfarction.     

护理干预对急性心肌梗死病人预后的影响

急性心肌梗死(AMI)为内科常见急危重症,病情变化快,病死率高,护理质量对病情的转归起着不容忽视的作用.我院急诊科自2004年1月-2006年4月共收治急性心肌梗死病人110例,通过对病人实行全面、系统、有效的护理干预,取得了较为满意的效果.现将护理方法和体会介绍如下.     

急性心肌梗死并发心房颤动病人的预后评估

[目的]探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)并发心房颤动(AF)的危险因素、近期预后及护理对策。[方法]对137例急性心肌梗死合并心房颤动11例病人发生心力衰竭、心室颤动及行气管插管、主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)事件发生情况进行相关因素研究。[结果]AMI并发AF的病人年龄大、气管插管率高、病死率高,与非AF组比较具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]高龄AMI并发AF病人气管插管率高、病死率高,预后不良,应做好预见性护理。     

结肠癌术后突发急性广泛前壁心肌梗死合并室颤致心搏呼吸骤停成功救治一例

急性心肌梗死(myocardial infarction)即急性心肌缺血性坏死,大多是在冠脉血供急剧减少或中断,相应心肌出现严重而持久的急性缺血导致心肌坏死,美国35～ 84岁人群发病率男性为71‰,女性为22‰,每年约有150万人发生急性心肌梗死[1-2].随着我国老龄化的加重,外科围手术期出现急性心肌梗死的情况越来越多见[3],但出现反复心室颤动致心搏呼吸骤停而获得抢救成功病案较少[4],结肠癌根治术后出现急性广泛前壁心肌梗死并发室颤抢救成功的案例更是罕见.