床旁超声心动图对急性心肌梗死后左室舒张功能的评价

目的　应用床旁超声心动图动态观察心肌梗死急性期左室舒张功能 (LVDF)的变化 ,评价溶栓治疗对其的影响。方法　对 61例首发急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者行系列床旁超声心动图检查。检测指标包括 :舒张早晚期最大充盈速率比值 (VE/VA)及其时间流速积分比值 (ETVI/ATVI)和等容舒张时间 (IVRT )。结果　AMI患者IVRT均延长 ,前壁心肌梗死溶栓组和下壁心肌梗死组VE/VA下降 ,前壁心肌梗死未溶栓组VE/VA正常。溶栓再通组第 3dIVRT、ETVI/ATVI明显改善 ,第 7d、3周末持续改善。溶栓未通组、未溶栓组各指标无显著变化。前壁溶栓再通组与溶栓未通组及未溶栓组同期比较IVRT有显著性差异。结论　AMI患者急性期LVDF减退 ,溶栓再通后LVDF明显改善 ,但存在舒张顿抑。床旁超声心动图评价AMI后LVDF的变化有良好的临床应用价值。     

多普勒组织成像技术评价尿毒症患者左室舒缩功能的临床研究

目的 :采用脉冲多普勒组织成像技术 (PW- DTI)观察尿毒症患者二尖瓣环运动 ,定量分析其左室舒缩功能。方法 :2 0例健康人 ,35例尿毒症患者均行常规脉冲多普勒超声 (PW)及脉冲 DTI检查。采用 PW获得二尖瓣口血流 E、 A及 E/ A;DTI分析二尖瓣环 4个位点的 DTI平均指标 :峰值收缩速度 (VS)、收缩时间速度积分 (TVIS)、舒张早期速度 (VA)、舒张晚期速度 (VE)、 VE/ VA 比值。结果 :尿毒症患者与健康人比较 ,二尖瓣环 4个位点平均 VS、TVIS显著降低 (7.92± 1 .2 9和 9.2 3± 1 .1 8;P<0 .0 5与 1 .2 7± 0 .1 0和 1 .61± 0 .0 3;P<0 .0 5) ,VE、 VE/ VA 亦显著降低 (7.1 6± 4.1 6和 1 0 .69± 2 .1 5;P<0 .0 1与 0 .73± 0 .0 4和 1 .2 4± 0 .0 2 ;P<0 .0 1 ) ;对尿毒症患者 VE/ VA 比值组成分析 ,部分 E/ A>1患者 VE/ VA<1。结论 :脉冲 DTI可定量分析尿毒症患者心脏舒缩功能 ,为尿毒症患者合理治疗措施的选择及预后判断提供新的定量指标     

前列地尔脂肪乳剂加快尿激酶溶栓再通速度的临床研究

目的　研究前列地尔脂肪乳剂 (Lipo-PGE1 )与尿激酶 (UK)联合溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死 (AMI)的效果。方法　前瞻性临床对照研究。病例为适合溶栓的首次发病 6h内的AMI心功能Killip1～ 3级者。对照组用UK溶栓 (5 0例 ) ,联合溶栓组在用UK前予Lipo -PGE1 1 0 μg静脉注射 (5 0例 )。统计再通率 ,记录再通时间 ,测定溶栓前后的血小板聚集率 ,两周后室壁运动情况及左室功能。结果　联合溶栓组较对照组再通率略有提高 (6 4 %vs 5 8% ,P >0 0 5 ) ,再通时间明显缩短 [(4 5±2 5 )minvs (6 7± 2 5 )min ,P <0 0 5 ],溶栓后 2h的血小板聚集率明显低于对照组 [(31± 1 8) %vs (4 5± 2 2 ) % ,P <0 0 1 ],2周后的梗死部位收缩期室壁增厚率明显高于对照组 [(34± 5 ) %vs (30± 7) % ,P <0 0 5 ]、左室收缩末期容量明显低于对照组 [(5 5± 8)mLvs (6 1± 7)mL ,P <0 0 5 ]。结论　Lipo -PGE1 与UK联合溶栓加快再通速度、提高再通率 ,进一步改善左室功能     

院前静脉溶栓抢救急性心肌梗死

目的　为缩短急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者发病至溶栓开始的时间 ,提高溶栓疗效 ,探讨院前静脉溶栓的可行性、安全性。方法　接受院前尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗的AMI患者 5 2例为观察组 ,同期住院后行尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗的AMI患者5 8例为对照组 ,两组进行比较。结果　患者从发病至溶栓开始的时间观察组为 3 .12± 1.17小时 ,对照组为 5 .42± 1.92小时 ,P <0 .0 1。冠脉再通率观察组为 71.2 % (3 7/ 5 2 ) ,对照组为 5 1.7% (3 0 / 5 8) ,P <0 .0 5。 5周病死率观察组为 7.7%(4 / 5 2 ) ,对照组为 10 .3 % (6/ 5 8) ,P >0 .0 5。院前AMI诊断准确率达 10 0 % ,院前无 1例死亡。结论　AMI院前静脉溶栓能赢得救治时间 ,提高冠脉再通率 ,院前静脉溶栓安全、可行。     

急性心肌梗塞静脉溶栓后再通对左室重构的影响

目的：分析急性心肌梗塞(AMI)静脉溶栓再通对立室重构的影响。方法：把82例AMI静脉溶栓的病人分为再通组48例,未通组34例,在AMI发病后(6±51)月,用心脏彩超对不同部位室壁运动、室壁厚壁、左室射血分数（1．VEF)、左室舒张末内径(LVDD)、左室收缩末内径(LVDS)等观察,结果：前壁心肌挺塞两组间室壁运动幅度、梗塞区的室壁厚度有显性差异（P<0.01),而下壁心肌梗塞二组间无显性差异(P>0.05),左室形态与功能差异显(P<0.01)。结论：AMI早期再可改善左室重构。     

急性心肌梗死患者早期血管活性物质的变化及意义

目的观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者静脉溶栓前后早期血浆降钙素基因相关肽(cGRP)、内皮素(ET)和血清一氧化氮(NO)水平的变化。方法采用放射免疫法和比色分析法分别对静脉溶栓前后血管再通组(30例),与未通组(22例)的AMI患者及20例正常人上述3种血管活性物质进行检测。结果AMI时患者cGRP再通组(38.64±7.14)ng/L,未通组(32.98±10.07)ng/L;NO再通组(18.71±3.56)μmol/L,未通组(14.85±4.04)μmol/L;ET再通组(132.62±31.63）ng/L,未通组(167.33±30.61）ng/L;对照组分别为(52.94±14.17）ng/L、(21.17±6.34）μmol/L和(66.65±10.63）ng/L,未通组较再通组变化更为明显。溶栓后12小时,各组cGRP、NO有所回升,但未通组cGRP仍显著低于再通组(P<0.05);再通组ET继续升高,未通组则开始下降。溶栓后24小时,2组cGRP和NO继续升高,再通组ET下降,未通组则略有升高。结论血浆cGRP、ET和血清NO参与了AMI早期的病理生理过程,AMI发病24小时内血浆ET升高和cGRP、NO降低可能对静脉溶栓的疗效产生不良的影响。     

院前应用尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗老年急性心肌梗死的疗效

目的 :观察比较在入医院前和住院后应用尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗老年急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者的疗效和副作用。方法 :选择患者 2 2 0例 ,分为入院尿激酶静脉溶栓对照组 (入院组 ) 112例和院前尿激酶静脉溶栓组 (院前组 ) 10 8例 ,进行对比观察。结果 :入院组与院前组的开始溶栓时间分别为 4 3± 0 8h和 2 6± 0 4h(P <0 0 1) ,血管再通率分别为 73 2 %和 88 9% (P <0 0 1) ,再闭塞率分别为 10 7%和 13 0 % (P >0 0 5 ) ,4周病死率分别为6 3 %和 5 6% (P >0 0 5 ) ,药物副作用分别为 12 5 %和 12 0 % (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :院前比入院应用尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗老年AMI节省时间 ,提高血管再通率 ,降低病死率 ,而且安全有效     

溶栓再灌注对急性心肌梗死QT间期及其离散度的影响

目的 :本文主要观察溶栓灌注对QT间期及其离散度 (QTdispersion ,QTd)的影响。 方法 :测定 37例心肌梗死 ,患者的QT >440ms及QTd >5 0ms的患者比例分别为 41%及 5 7%。用尿激酶 37例 ,剂量 10 0万～ 15 0万u ,溶栓后再通 17例 ,未通 2 0例。结果 :37例溶栓后 2周再通组QTmax(36 1± 2 8、417± 32 ,P <0 0 5 )显著较未通组小 ,QTd为 5 1± 18、72± 32 ,与未通组有较显著差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :成功的溶栓治疗主要是通过对复极的影响来缩短QT间期及降低QTd。提示QTd可作为判断预后的独立参数     

联合溶栓和介入治疗对急性心肌梗死患者预后的影响

目的　探讨联合应用溶栓及PTCA介入治疗对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)预后的影响。方法　随访观察 1 1 0例PTCA+支架治疗的AMI患者 ,分为联合治疗组 (联合溶栓和介入治疗 ) 6 2例和直接介入组 (直接PTCA +支架术 ) 4 8例 ,对比观察临床事件、心功能、心室重构及心律失常情况。结果　联合治疗组 :心绞痛发生率 2 9 5 1 % ,夜间阵发性呼吸困难发生率 6 5 6 % ,死亡率 1 6 1 % ,都低于直接介入组 (分别为 :5 0 0 0 % ,2 5 0 0 % ,1 4 89% ) ,两组比较P <0 0 5 ;而左室射血分数 (LVEF)联合治疗组 (5 8 88± 8 87) % ,高于直接介入组 (5 4 0 0± 8 2 6 ) % ,P <0 0 5 ;联合治疗组 :左室扩大率 33 87% ,室壁瘤形成率 8 4 7% ,室上性心律失常发生率 2 1 31 % ,室性心律失常发生率 1 8 0 3% ,ST -T改变 4 5 90 % ,都低于直接介入组 (分别为 :5 3 1 9% ,2 5 6 4 % ,5 7 5 0 % ,4 7 5 % ,72 5 % ) ,两组相比较P <0 0 5。结论　联合应用溶栓和随后的介入治疗AMI,是一种可行、实用的AMI治疗新方法 ,可使梗死相关动脉 (IRA)早期开通率增高 ,有利于左心室功能的保护 ,不增加临床不良事件 ,患者预后良好     

应用声学定量技术评价高血压病患者左室舒张功能的临床研究

目的 探讨声学定量分析技术评价高血压病患者左室舒张功能的价值.方法 高血压病患者48例,对照组20例.根据左室心肌质量指数将高血压病患者分为无左室肥厚组最与左室肥厚组.声学定量分析技术测量左房充盈分数(AFF)、左室快速充盈期峰值率(PRFR),并与传统评价左室舒张功能的二尖瓣口舒张期血流频谱E峰(VE)、A峰(VA)、VE/VA,二尖瓣环运动频谱e峰(Ve)、a峰(Va)及Ve/Va进行比较.结果 随着高血压病病程加重,AFF逐渐升高,而PRFR逐渐减低;左室肥厚组最为明显,与无左室肥厚组及对照组比较,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论 声学定量参数AFF、PRFR可以评估早期左室舒张功能,是一种无创、快速、准确的新参数.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.