康复运动有助于心肌梗塞患者的恢复

目的:探讨早期康复运动对急性心肌梗塞患者的疗效。方法:将2002年8月到2004年10月在我院循环内科住院并符合入选标准的80例急性心肌梗塞患者,按自愿原则,分成两组,治疗组早期进行常规药物治疗,并早期实行严格合理的运动疗法,对照组绝对卧床,只进行常规药物治疗,不进行康复训练。采用Barthel指数评定患者的日常生活能力,并对比两组的平均住院天数,住院期间的平均花费,心律失常的发生率及生活自理能力,两组患者两年后心肌梗塞的再发率。结果:治疗组平均住院天数、平均花费较对照组减少(P<0.05),日常生活能力较对照组有显著改善(P<0.05),心律失常的发生率两组之间无显著性差异,治疗组的生活自理能力优于对照组(P<0.05)。两年后,治疗组心肌梗塞的再发率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:康复运动有助于心肌梗塞患者的恢复。     

急性心肌梗死患者实施早期运动康复的疗效

目的：探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）早期运动康复的效果。方法：选择64例生命体征稳定的AMI患者,随机分为早期运动康复组和常规康复组,每组32例。早期运动康复组在发病24h后由床旁康复师给予早期运动康复指导,常规康复组由同水平资质康复师在其绝对卧床1周后给予其运动康复指导。此外两组接受的其他治疗及护理完全相同。观察并统计两组患者的主要不良心血管事件（MACE）（再梗死、死亡、严重心律失常、梗死后心绞痛、心力衰竭）情况、住院天数和生活自理能力情况,并进行比较分析。结果：出院前早期康复组和常规康复组的并发症发生率（40．63％比43．75％）和生活可自理的患者比例（100％比96．88％）无显著差异（P〉0．05）,但早期康复组患者的住院天数明显短于常规康复组[（9．23±1．45）d比（15．03±2．53）d,P〈0．01]。结论：早期运动康复训练对于生命体征稳定的急性心肌梗死患者能缩短患者的住院天数,而且是安全的。     

早期活动五级法在急性心肌梗塞患者心脏康复应用的评价

目的 :评价早期活动五级法对急性心肌梗塞患者的临床应用价值 ,探讨其可行性。　　方法 :10 9例急性心肌梗塞 (AMI)患者随机分为两组。对照组 5 5例 ,不实行早期活动五级法 ;实验组 5 4例 ,实行严格合理的早期活动五级法 ,两组进行对比。　　结果 :对照组和实验组在住院期间病死率分别为 10 .70 %和 9.2 6 % ,无显著性差异。但两组平均住院天数对照组为2 4.6 7± 9.85天 ,实验组为 18.6 3± 9.12天 ,有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。　　结论 :早期活动五级法在 AMI患者心脏康复的应用是安全可行的 ,病死率并未增加 ,但缩短了平均住院时间 ,减少了费用。     

急性心肌梗塞早期康复运动耐量与心率变异性分析

目的 :探讨急性心肌梗塞 (AMI)患者早期运动康复对运动耐量的影响以及心率变异性的变化。方法 :对 35例 AMI患者出院前行活动平板运动试验和心率变异性测定 ,其中 2 0例 AMI患者进行了两周运动康复程序治疗。结果 :康复组平均运动耐量为 5.3± 2 .5METs,未康复组为 2 .87± 0 .83METs,两组间有显著差异 (P<0 .0 1)。 35例 AMI患者心率变异性较正常对照组明显降低 ,AMI康复组的心率变异较非康复组有明显的改善。结论 :早期运动康复治疗可增加 AMI患者运动耐量 ,明显改善其心率变异性 ,并可能降低 AMI死亡率 ,改善其预后     

急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后行早期心脏康复的安全性研究

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后行早期心脏康复的安全性。方法 在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院心血管中心CBD-Bank数据库选取2017年5月至2019年12月住院的AMI患者1 364例,根据纳入与排除标准最终纳入379例行急诊PCI的AMI患者。根据患者是否接受早期心脏康复将其分为心脏康复组(接受早期心脏康复患者,n=79)和对照组(未接受早期心脏康复患者,n=300)。对两组患者基线资料进行1∶1倾向性评分匹配。比较两组患者住院期间主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率及随访1年全因死亡率、心源性死亡率、因急性冠脉综合征(ACS)再住院率。结果 匹配后,两组心源性死亡率及靶血管重建、恶性心律失常发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。匹配后,两组随访1年全因死亡率、心源性死亡率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);心脏康复组随访1年因ACS再住院率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 AMI患者急诊PCI后开展早期心脏康复相对安全,且早期心脏康复可有效降低AMI患者因ACS再住院率。     

急诊直接冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗塞的临床价值

目的:探讨急诊直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)对急性心肌梗塞(AMI)患者近期及远期预后的影响。方法:65例初次AMI患者被随机分为两组:直接PCI组(A组,35例)及静脉溶栓成功组(B组,30例)。比较分析住院及随访期间两组主要临床事件发生率。结果:(1)住院期间直接PCI组的平均住院天数(d)、出血率(%)、再发不稳定心绞痛(%)、非致死心肌梗塞(%)、心源性死亡率(%)明显低于溶栓组(P<0.01);(2)随访期直接PCI组左室扩大(%)、室壁瘤形成(%)、死亡(%)、再狭窄率(%)等发生率亦显著低于溶栓组(P<0.01),存活率(%)及射血分数(%)明显高于溶栓组(P<0.05~<0.01)。结论:急诊直接PCI治疗是早期再灌注安全有效的方法,对于提高再通率、减少并发症及改善心功能优于溶栓组。     

急性心肌梗死伴恶性室性心律失常的预后

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）伴恶性室性心律失常对预后的影响。方法 以74例AMI患为对象，按是否合并恶性室性心律失常分A组和B组，A组（伴恶性室性心律失常）32例，B组（不伴恶性室性心律失常）42例，对比两组患的临床资料，分析恶性室性心律失常对预后的影响。结果 A组住院病死率显高于B组（P＜0.05)，A组3年再发心脏事件发生率和3年再发心脏事件病死率均显高于B组（P＜0.05)。结论 AMI伴恶性室性心律失常患，住院病死率高，再发心脏事件发生率高，再发心脏事件病死率高，预后差。改善预后关键除积极治疗原发病外，及时有效的预防和控制恶性室性心律失常也极为关键。     

早期PCI对急性心肌梗塞并发完全性右束支传导阻滞患者预后的影响

目的：探讨早期PCI对急性心肌梗塞（AMI）并发完全性右束支传导阻滞（CRBBB）患者预后的影响。方法：回顾分析AMI并发CRBBB患者36例的临床资料,分为两组,早期行PCI的12例为观察组,未行PCI的24例为对照组,对两组患者的左室射血分数（LVEF）、心功能Killip分级、严重恶性心律失常发生率及住院病死率等临床资料进行对比性分析,并做统计学处理。结果：观察组的心功能Killip分级[（1．7±0．5）级：（2．6±0．5）级]、严重恶性心律失常发生率（8．3％：20．8％）及住院病死率（8．3％：33．3％）均显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）,观察组的LVEF[（56．3±7．1）％：（32．6±4．7）％]显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：早期PCI可以改善急性心肌梗塞并发完全性右束支传导阻滞患者的预后。     

心脏程序康复对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入患者疗效的影响

目的:研究对急诊经皮冠脉介入(PCI)治疗后的急性心肌梗塞(AMI)患者进行心脏程序康复的意义。方法:67例急诊PCI后的AMI患者随机分为康复组(进行早期程序康复)和对照组,并作对比分析。结果:康复组34例患者顺利完成住院期的康复程序,其平均住院时间康复组为(6.41±3.73)d,对照组为(10.01±4.14)d,P<0.001,康复组的二项乘积较对照组显著减少(P<0.05)。SAQ量表得分情况则康复组优于对照组(P<0.05~0.01)。结论:对施行PCI后的AMI患者实施程序康复可以减少住院时间,改善其长期的心脏功能和运动耐力,从而提高生活质量。     

早期康复训练对严重脓毒症患者ICU获得性肌无力的影响

目的:探讨ICU严重脓毒症患者获得性肌无力早期康复训练的作用。方法:32例严重脓毒症患者,分为早期康复训练组(20例)和晚期康复训练组(12)。比较发病第1、3、6个月改良Barthel指数评分(MBI)、英国医学研究理事会(MRC)总分值、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间以及总住院时间等指标。结果:早期康复训练组在机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、总住院时间方面均较晚期康复组明显减少(均P0.05)。晚期康复训练组在第1、3个月处于瘫痪状态,而早期康复训练组在第3个月四肢肌力及日常生活能力MBI方面基本恢复到正常状态,2组MRC总分及MBI比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:早期康复训练可减少严重脓毒症患者机械通气及住院的时间,改善患者的四肢肌力及日常生活能力。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.