肝病患者胆囊壁增厚的声像图特点分析

目的探讨急性肝炎、肝硬化、脂肪肝、肝癌患者胆囊壁增厚情况及临床意义。方法运用超声显像仪观察胆囊壁厚度。结果急性肝炎和肝硬化患者胆囊壁明显增厚，脂肪肝一般不增厚，慢性肝炎及肝癌患者部分增厚。结论急性肝炎和肝硬化患者胆囊壁增厚声像图改变是继发的，与病情呈正比，随着病情好转而恢复，为可逆性病变，肝癌患者为不可逆性病变。     

B超测量胆囊壁增厚100例临床分析

本文统计总结了１００例患者胆囊壁增厚的原因,结果表明：胆囊壁局限性增厚多由胆囊自身病变引起,而胆囊壁普遍性增厚既可能是胆囊自身的病变,也可能是其他疾病的一种表现。     

胆囊壁增厚与胆囊炎相关性超声诊断与临床评价分析

目的探讨胆囊壁增厚与胆囊炎的相关性及其诊断意义。方法采用超声检查测量胆囊壁厚度以及对胆囊全貌进行分析，结合临床症状、表现及胆囊切除术后对胆囊的病理检查进行系统分析。结果超声诊断胆结石并胆囊炎58例，病理检查诊断38例合并胆囊炎，20例不合并胆囊炎，超声诊断符合率65．5％，病理检查诊断合并急性胆囊炎11例，胆囊壁增厚的6例，壁不明显增厚的5例，病理检查诊断合并慢性胆囊炎27例，胆囊壁增厚的15例，壁不明显增厚的12例，由此可见，胆囊壁的增厚与否与胆囊的急慢性炎症无明显的关系，应同时结合临床等综合考虑。结论胆囊壁增厚是诊断胆囊炎的重要依据，但应结合其他的声像图特征，观察胆囊全貌的改变及毗邻关系、临床症状，同时还需排除胆囊以外的病变，以便做出更加可靠的诊断。     

胆囊壁增厚与乙型肝炎后肝硬化相关因素研究

目的 探讨肝硬化患者中胆囊壁增厚的相关因素.方法 测量42例乙型肝炎后肝硬化非急性胆囊炎患者在MRI上的胆囊壁厚度、门脉、脾静脉及肠系膜上静脉管腔直径,并对比患者MRI检查前2周内肝功能检查结果及每毫升病毒复制拷贝数量.将胆囊壁厚度≤3 mm归为A组;将胆囊壁厚度>3 mm归为B组.结果 A组较B组血清白蛋白明显减低...     

肝硬化门脉高压时胆囊壁增厚的原因分析及其临床诊治

目的：分析盱硬化门脉高压患者胆囊壁增早的相关因素，并分析脾切责门周围血管离断术对胆囊壁增厚的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2003～2006年佑安医院收治的143例门静脉高压患者，对其胆囊壁增早的原因及术后转归做统计学分析。结果：自由门静脉压（p〈0.01）、血浆白蛋白浓度（p〈0．05）与胆囊壁增厚显著相关；脾切贲门周围血管离断术对减轻肝硬化门脉高压患者胆囊壁增厚有效。结论：自由门静脉压升高是肝硬化门脉高压患者胆囊壁增早主要原因，低蛋白血症是重要原因。脾切贲门周围血管离断术对减轻肝硬化门脉高压患者胆囊壁增厚有较好疗效：     

胆囊壁增厚的声像图特征及诊断价值

目的　研究各型胆囊壁增厚的声像图特征及诊断价值。方法　应用B超检测分析 2 40例胆囊壁增厚的声像图并按照不同程度表现分为弥漫型、节段型、局限型三种类型。结果　 12 0例胆囊疾病引起胆囊壁增厚轻度 2 3例( 19.2 % ) ,中度 3 3例 ( 2 7.5 0 % ) ,重度 64例 ( 5 3 .3 1% )。 12 0例非胆囊疾病引起胆囊壁增厚 ,轻度 62例 ( 5 1.7% ) ,中度 41例 ( 3 4.12 % ) ,重度 17例 ( 14 .1% )。胆囊疾病组与非胆囊疾病组的胆囊壁增厚按轻度、中度、重度三组相比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　单纯的胆囊壁增厚伴有弱回声带 ,并非是胆囊本身病变的特异性指征 ;胆囊壁内多发的弱回声带即“条纹征”是急性胆囊炎的最有力指征。胆囊壁内缘强回声带的模糊或者呈弱回声带以及整个胆囊壁回声均匀减低是诊断胆囊炎有价值的特征。胆源性疾病、慢性心衰以及慢性肾炎等引起的胆囊壁增厚 ,因有低蛋白血症 ,胆囊声像图改变是继发性的 ,且随着病变的好转或进展 ,发生相应的变化     

肝脏疾病所致胆囊壁增厚的B超诊断分析

胆囊壁增厚是B超诊断胆囊炎的重要依据但不是特异性表现,某些非胆囊疾病也可导致胆囊壁增厚,特别是肝脏疾病引起的胆囊壁增厚非常多见,实践证明肝病患者对胆囊的B超检查比单纯观察肝实质回声图像更有意义。本文通过对116例肝病患者的胆囊声像图进行观察,进一步了解肝脏疾病与胆囊壁增厚的关系,并对其原因进行分析。     

肝炎肝硬化门静脉高压症胆囊壁增厚时的肝动脉血流动力学变化研究

目的探讨肝炎肝硬化门静脉高压症胆囊壁增厚时肝动脉的血流动力学变化。方法56例患者根据是否有门静脉高压和胆囊壁增厚分成三组：肝炎肝硬化门静脉高压症伴胆囊壁增厚（A组）、肝炎肝硬化门静脉高压症不伴胆囊壁增厚（B组）、有肝炎病史但无门静脉高压及胆囊壁增厚（C组）。彩色多普勒超声诊断仪检测肝动脉内径、收缩期峰值流速（PSV）、舒张末期流速（EDV）。结果A组中肝动脉内径、PSV、EDV较B、C组大,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;B组与C组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论肝炎肝硬化门静脉高压症时肝动脉血流动力学改变参与胆囊壁增厚的病理生理机制。     

传染性单核细胞增多症伴胆囊壁增厚10例分析

传染性单核细胞增多症( Infectious mononucleosis,IM)是由 EB病毒引起的感染性疾病,以发热、咽峡炎、淋巴结肝脾肿大、外周血出现大量异型淋巴细胞为特征性表现.本病可累及多个系统,并发心、肝、肾、胰腺、腮腺等多脏器损害.传染性单核细胞增多症合并胆囊壁增厚报道很少见,我院 2001年 1月～ 2002年 12月共收治 IM患儿 50例,其中 10例合并胆囊壁增厚,现报道如下.     

Endoscopic sonographic evaluation of the thickened gallbladder wall in patients with acute hepatitis

PURPOSE: Thickening of the gallbladder wall is often observed during abdominal sonographic examination in patients with acute hepatitis. However, there is rarely an opportunity for a histopathologic analysis of these structural changes. Endoscopic sonography (EUS) can accurately delineate the structure of the gallbladder wall and therefore may be useful for visualizing changes in the gallbladder wall in patients with acute hepatitis. Hence, we prospectively studied the ability of EUS to detect specific structural changes in the gallbladder wall in patients with acute hepatitis and examined the effect of high elevation of serum liver enzyme levels on the gallbladder wall. METHODS: A study group of patients diagnosed with acute hepatitis who had gallbladder wall thickening and a control group of patients without acute hepatitis or gallbladder disease underwent EUS between May 1, 1999, and June 1, 2002. EUS was used to measure the thickness of the gallbladder wall and to visualize each of its layers. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels of the patients with acute hepatitis were measured at the time of the EUS examination. Statistically significant differences were determined using an independent t test and the chi-squared test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The acute hepatitis group comprised 28 men and 24 women with a mean age of 40.8 years. The control group comprised 25 men and 25 women with a mean age of 45.1 years. The mean gallbladder wall thickness +/- standard deviation in the acute hepatitis group (6.3 +/- 2.6 mm) was significantly greater than that in the control group (1.6 +/- 0.4 mm; p < 0.01). The mean thickness of the gallbladder wall for patients in whom both the AST and the ALT levels were 500 U/l or higher (7.0 +/- 2.6 mm) was significantly greater than that for patients with levels below 500 U/l (5.4 +/- 2.3 mm; p < 0.05). In the acute hepatitis group, EUS showed thickened, well-defined muscular and serosal layers of the gallbladder wall in 24 of the patients and a diffusely thickened gallbladder wall, in which each layer was ill defined, in the other 28 patients. The mean thickness of the gallbladder wall for patients with the pattern of ill-defined layers was significantly greater than that for the patients with the pattern of well-defined layers (p < 0.05). The pattern of ill-defined layers was more common among patients in whom the serum AST and ALT levels were at least 500 U/l than among patients with levels below 500 U/l (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We propose that gallbladder wall thickening in patients with acute hepatitis is associated with prominent changes in the muscular and serosal layers. Patients with highly elevated serum liver enzyme levels are more likely to have gallbladder wall thickening and disruption of planes between the muscular and serosal layers than are patients with normal liver enzyme levels.     

非胆源性疾病中胆囊壁增厚的可能机制

胆囊壁增厚是较常见的超声表现,其不仅可见于胆源性疾病中而且亦可见于各种非胆源性疾病中。在非胆源性疾病中胆囊壁增厚的机制是多种多样的。本文对各种非胆源性疾病导致胆囊壁增厚的可能机制进行综述。     

不同类型失代偿期肝硬化患者胆囊壁变化分析

目的 探讨不同类型失代偿期肝硬化患者胆囊壁变化异同。方法 按发病原因的不同将78例失代偿期肝硬化患者分为乙型肝炎后肝硬化组48例,丙型肝炎后肝硬化组15例,酒精性肝硬化组10例,自身免疫性肝硬化组2例,药物性肝硬化组3例。采用二维超声结合彩超对78例肝硬化患者的胆囊壁厚度、胆囊壁分型、门静脉内径(Dpv)、门静脉血流速度(Vpv)进行检测。结果 各组间在以上各检测指标间差异均无统计学意义。结论 门静脉高压症比肝功能减退与胆囊壁变化的关系密切;肝功能减退时血清胆红素、转氨酶的增高可能与胆囊壁变化呈并行关系;雌激素可能参与胆囊壁的变化。     

Gallbladder contractility in patients with cirrhotic versus malignant ascites

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in gallbladder contractility by measuring gallbladder wall thickness, fasting and residual gallbladder volume, and gallbladder ejection fraction in patients with cirrhotic and malignant ascites. METHODS: Twenty-four patients (16 women and 8 men) with malignant ascites (2 cervical, 2 colon, 2 stomach, 6 pancreatic, and 12 ovarian carcinomas), aged 59 +/- 12 years, and 26 patients (14 women and 12 men) with cirrhotic ascites, aged 57 +/- 16 years, were included in the study. After patients fasted overnight for 8 hours, gallbladder wall thickness, fasting gallbladder volume, and gallbladder volume and ejection fraction were measured sonographically at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 minutes after ingestion of a standard liquid test meal. RESULTS: The mean gallbladder wall thickness was higher in patients with cirrhotic ascites than in those with malignant ascites (5.5 +/- 1.5 mm [standard deviation] versus 3.1 +/- 0.6 mm, respectively; p < 0.001). The mean fasting gallbladder volume was also higher in patients with cirrhotic ascites than in those with malignant ascites (27.3 +/- 11.5 cm(3) versus 17.6 +/- 8.9 cm(3); p < 0.05). Patients with cirrhotic ascites had significantly higher mean postprandial gallbladder volumes and ejection fractions than did those with malignant ascites at all times except 10 minutes after the meal (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that gallbladder contractility is greater in patients with cirrhotic ascites than in patients with malignant ascites.     

肝硬化失代偿期合并低钠血症82例临床分析

目的：探讨肝硬化失代偿期合并低钠血症患者补充钠盐治疗的临床疗效。方法选取2010年3月至2012年6月解放军302医院收治的82例肝硬化合并低钠血症患者作为研究对象,根据血钠浓度将所选患者分为轻、中、重3组,分别为36、29、17例,对不同组别采用不同补钠治疗,并比较各组的治疗效果。结果3组患者采用补钠治疗后的血钠浓度相比于补充钠盐之前均明显上升,治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;轻度低钠血症组补钠治疗后显效31例,显效率为86．11％;中度低钠血症组显效22例,显效率为75．86％;重度低钠血症组显效4例,显效率为23．53％;轻度低钠血症组显效率最高,中度低钠血症组显效率次之,重度低钠血症组显效率最低。轻度低钠血症组与中度低钠血症组显效率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,重度低钠血症组显效率与轻度低钠血症组及中度低钠血症组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论肝硬化失代偿期合并轻中度低钠血症患者补钠能有效纠正,但重度低钠血症患者应用补充高张钠的方法疗效仍不理想,提示对于低钠血症的早期发现、及时干预可以改善预后。     

乙型肝炎后肝硬化患者血小板参数的临床分析

目的观察血小板参数的变化与肝硬化的关系并探讨其临床意义。方法 114例乙型肝炎后肝硬化患者分为合并上消化道出血组54例,无消化道出血组60例,另选择50例健康者作为健康对照组,将两组血小板参数进行对照比较。结果肝硬化患者血小板计数(PLT)和血小板比容(PCT)分别为(71.95±55.35)×109/L、0.08%±0.07%,与健康对照组比较,均显著降低(P<0.01),平均血小板体积(MPV)和血小板分布宽度(PDW)分别为(12.06±1.23)fL、15.92%±3.33%,比健康对照组显著升高(P<0.01);肝硬化合并上消化道出血组PLT、PCT、MPV、PDW均比无消化道出血组显著降低(P<0.05)。结论血小板参数的测定对评估肝硬化患者肝功能损害程度,判断有无出血倾向具有重要的指导意义。     

肝硬化患者的心理状态分析

目的：分析肝硬化患者的心理状态。方法：对40例肝硬化患者（研究组）及40例健康志愿者（正常对照组）采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）和汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）进行问卷调查及对比研究。结果：肝硬化患者的焦虑发生率为27．5％,抑郁发生率为42．5％．焦虑合并抑郁的发生率为27．5％,与正常对照组相比,肝硬化患者的焦虑抑郁不良情绪的发生率升高（P〈0．05）,其中家庭月收入少于1000元、有并发症的肝硬化患者的抑郁积分较高（P〈0．01）。结论：肝硬化患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪发生率显著高于正常人群,且受家庭经济状况和有无并发症的影响。