高血压病人胰岛素抵抗状态分析

目的了解高血压患者同时存在多种代谢异常时胰岛素敏感性。方法测定４１例高血压患者和４０例健康者胰岛素敏感性指数。再将高血压组分为单纯高血压、合并高血糖、合并高脂血症、合并高血糖高血脂、合并肥胖组。结果合并高血糖高血脂组胰岛素敏感性降低的发生率明显增高（Ｐ〈０．０５）。直线相关分析结果显示,无论是高血压组还是正常组的体重指数与胰岛素敏感性指数呈明显负相关（高血压组ｒ＝－０．３７,Ｐ〈０．０５;正常组ｒ     

肥胖和高血压病患者胰岛素敏感性的变化

探讨高血压病与肥胖患者胰岛素抵抗现象。方法用正常血糖胰岛素钳夹技术测定３６例正常血压者，２３例单纯肥胖患者，５１例高血压非肥胖患者及５４例高血压合并肥胖患者的葡萄糖代谢率（Ｍ值），同时做口服葡萄糖耐量试验和胰岛素释放试验。结果发现（１）肥胖、高血压非肥胖和高血压合并肥胖患者口服葡萄糖７５ｇ后，６０和１２０分钟血糖及不同时间点胰岛素值均比正常血压者高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（２）Ｍ值：正常人、高血压非肥胖患者、单纯肥胖者、高血压合并肥胖患者分别为９．２±１．０、７．６±２．０、６．７±１．５、５．２±１．８ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｍｉｎ－１，差异均有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）；胰岛素敏感性降低在高血压病合并肥胖组为８７．０％，单纯肥胖为６９．６％，高血压非肥胖为４１．１％，正常人为２．８％，差异有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）；（３）多因素回归分析，发现性别、年龄、舒张压对Ｍ值无明显影响，而体重指数每增加１ｋｇ／ｍ２，Ｍ值减少０．４２ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｍｉｎ－１，收缩压每增加１０ｍｍＨｇ，Ｍ值减少０．２０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｍｉｎ－１。结论胰岛素敏感性降低可能是肥胖与高血压病的发病因素。肥胖对胰岛素敏感性的影响比血压的影响更明显。     

肥胖和高血压患者胰岛素敏感性的变化

目的 探讨高血压病与肥胖患者胰岛素抑抗现象。方法 用正常血糖胰岛素钳夹技术测定３６例正常血压者，２３例单纯肥胖患者，５１例高血压非肥胖患者及５４例高血压合并肥胖患者的葡萄糖代谢率（Ｍ值），同时做口服葡萄糖耐量试验和胰岛素释放试验。结果 发现（１）肥胖、高血压非肥胖和高血压合并肥胖患者口服葡萄糖７５ｇ后，６０和１２０分钟血糖及不同时间点胰岛素值均比正常血压者高（Ｐ〈０．０１）；（２）Ｍ值；正常人、高     

氯沙坦对高血压病患者胰岛素敏感性的影响

目的：观察氯沙坦对高血压病（EH）患者胰岛素敏感性（ISR）的影响。方法：临床观察原发性高血压惠者68例,用氯沙坦治疗5周前后分别采用无创性携带式动态血压监测仪监测动态血压,同时治疗前后分别测空腹血糖（BG）及空腹血胰岛素（IS）,同时选取正常对照组52例观察胰岛素敏感性指数（ISI）。结果：①服用氯沙坦后EH患者的血压与用药前比较明显降低（P〈0．01）。②治疗前EH组与正常对照组BG均正常,无显著差异。治疗前EH组IS显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）,而ISI低于对照组（P〈0．01）。③治疗前后比较BG无统计学差异;治疗后较治疗前IS明显下降（P〈0．01）;ISI明显增高（P〈0．01）。结论：高血压病患者存在胰岛素抵抗;氯沙坦在稳定降压的同时改善胰岛素敏感性。     

老年原发性高血压病与胰岛素抵抗关系的临床研究

目的：探讨老年原发性高血压病患者血清胰岛素水平及胰岛素的敏感性。方法：对无糖尿病老年高血压组74例、老年对照组54例测定空腹及餐后2h血糖（FBG）、胰岛素（FINS）、C肽和胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）进行对比。结果：空腹血糖测定两组间无显著性差异，老年高血压组患者空腹及餐后2h血清胰岛素水平及C肽水平均较老年对照组患者明显升高（P〈0．01）。老年原发性高血压组患者胰岛素敏感指数较对照组明显升高（P〈0．05）。结论：老年高血压患者存在着高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗。     

高血压病急症患者胰岛素抵抗性的研究

目的研究高血压病急症患者的胰岛素抵抗性。方法分别测定高血压病急症组32例和对照组32例的空腹血糖、胰岛素、血脂、体重指数和胰岛素敏感性指数。结果高血压病急症组血清胰岛素18．78±8．27uIU／L，对照组14．14±5．89uIU／L（P＜0．05），高血压病急症患者存在明显的高胰岛素血症，其胰岛素敏感性指数降低（P＜0．01）．血清甘油三酯明显增高（P＜0．05）。结论高血压病急症患者存在明显的胰岛素抵抗性和高胰岛素血症，应使用改善胰岛素敏感性的药物治疗。     

多囊卵巢综合征中医证型与胰岛素抵抗的研究

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征（polycystie ovary syndrome,PCOS）的不同中医证型及其内分泌代谢特征,提高中西医结合诊治水平。方法根据中医理论对510例PCOS患者辨证分型,回顾性分析入组患者的糖耐量试验（OGTF）、胰岛素释放试验、体重指数（BMI）等内分泌代谢指标,计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA/IR）、空腹胰岛素/空腹血糖（I/G）。结果肾阳虚组192例（37．7％）、脾阳虚组167例（32．8％）、肝郁化热组84例（16．4％）、肾阴虚组67例（13．1％）,肾阳虚、脾阳虚患者较多（P〈0．01）;PCOS患者中44％糖耐量异常,4个证型组糖耐量异常率差异无统计学意义。PCOS患者胰岛素抵抗者占62．7％,脾阳虚组胰岛素抵抗较其他三个证型组高（P〈0．01）。HOMA-IR、I／G诊断胰岛素抵抗的敏感性分别为89．4％、87．5％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;HOMA-IR、I/G诊断胰岛素抵抗的特异性分别为94％、75％,HOMA-IR的特异性较强（P〈0．01）。结论PCOS以肾阳虚证、脾阳虚证较常见,PCOS患者代谢异常的主要特征为胰岛素抵抗,HOMA-IR诊断胰岛素抵抗的特异性较好。     

高血压患者围手术期胰岛素抵抗

目的 观察高血压患者围手术期胰岛素敏感性的变化规律,探讨高血压病胰岛素抵抗的特点及相关因素。方法 非糖尿病、ASAⅠ∽Ⅱ级全麻下择期手术患者,高血压（A组）27例,非高血压（B组）13例。平衡麻醉下分别在麻醉前、手术开始后1h、术毕拔管后、术后第一天测定空腹血糖、血胰岛素。结果 两组各时相血糖值均高于术前,术后第一天高血压组血糖值较非高血压组明显升高（P〈0．01）。两组血浆胰岛素手术中无明显变化,但至术后第一天显著上升（P〈0．01）。胰岛素敏感指数术中即开始下降,术后第一天降至最低,且高血压组胰岛素敏感性下降幅度大于非高血压组。高血压组术后第一天胰岛素敏感指数较非高血压组低（P〈0．05）,且与术前胰岛素敏感指数,手术时间、BMI相关。结论 高血压病术后第一天存在更显著高血糖和胰岛素抵抗,胰岛素抵抗程度与术前胰岛素敏感指数,手术时间、BMI有关。     

儿童肥胖与胰岛素敏感性的关系研究

目的研究儿童单纯肥胖与胰岛素敏感性之间的关系。方法测定60例单纯性肥胖和40例正常体重儿童的体重指数（BMI）、空腹血糖（FPG）及空腹胰岛素水平（INS），计算胰岛素抵抗指数（IRI）和胰岛素敏感指数（ISI），比较两组差异及肥胖组的体重指数（BMI）与胰岛素抵抗指数（IRI）和胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）之间的关系。结果肥胖组空腹胰岛素水平（INS）和胰岛素抵抗指数（IRI）显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）；胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）；在肥胖组，随着体重指数（BMI）的增加。胰岛素抵抗程度增强。结论肥胖儿童普遍存在胰岛素抵抗和敏感性下降，其与BMI程度有关。     

妊娠期糖尿病孕妇产后血糖随访结果分析

①目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）孕妇产后2个月75g葡萄糖耐量（OGTT）试验结果及其相关的临床因素。②方法对98例GDM孕妇于产后2个月行OGTT试验，根据结果进行再分类，分为糖尿病（DM）组21例、糖耐量减低（IGT）组24例和血糖正常组53例，对其相关的临床因素进行分析。③结果DM组诊断为GDM的孕周早于其他两组，孕期的50g葡萄糖筛查试验（GCT）血糖水平及OGTT中的空腹血糖水平均高于其他两组，差异有显著性（F=4．40～8．30，q=3．19～5．75，P〈0．05）。DM组孕妇胰岛素使用率高于正常组（χ^2=5．47，P〈0．05），开始使用胰岛素孕周早于其他两组（F=4．97，q=4．39、3．19，P〈0．01）。④结论GDM孕妇中表现为发病早、GCT血糖值高、空腹血糖高、胰岛素使用率高者常预示产后糖代谢异常将持续存在。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.