非瓣膜性房颤经食道超声心动图的研究

目的探讨TEE检测非瓣膜性房颤左心耳的大小及功能与左心耳内血栓形成之间的关系，为临床进行风险评估、判断愈后及指导治疗等方面提供重要依据。方法采用TEE对41例非瓣膜性房颤伴有或不伴有高血压患者进行左心耳检测，根据左心耳的形态特点，测量出左心耳入口的宽度、左心耳顶部到入口的长度，同样用描记法测出左心耳舒张末容积，运用脉冲多普勒测出左心耳血流充盈与排空速度，检测左心耳内透声情况及有无血栓。结果41例房颤患者中左心耳血栓7例，有血栓组与无血栓组的左心耳的大小、容积无显著性差异，而左心耳的峰值血流排空速度差异具有显著性；随房颤病程变化，左心耳容积具有显著性差异（p〈0．05）；房颤伴高血压组与不伴高血压组上述指标亦具有显著性差异。结论左心耳大小、形态的改变，功能的减低，血流速度的减慢是房颤患者左心耳内血栓形成的重要危险因素。因此，对左心耳大小、形态及功能的检测可以帮助临床进行风险评估、判断愈后以及指导治疗等方面都有着重要的临床价值。     

非瓣膜性房颤经食道超声心动图的研究

目的探讨TEE检测非瓣膜性房颤左心耳的大小及功能与左心耳内血栓形成之间的关系,为临床进行风险评估、判断愈后及指导治疗等方面提供重要依据。方法采用TEE对41例非瓣膜性房颤伴有或不伴有高血压患者进行左心耳检测,根据左心耳的形态特点,测量出左心耳入口的宽度、左心耳顶部到入口的长度,同样用描记法测出左心耳舒张末容积,运用脉冲多普勒测出左心耳血流充盈与排空速度,检测左心耳内透声情况及有无血栓。结果41例房颤患者中左心耳血栓7例,有血栓组与无血栓组的左心耳的大小、容积无显著性差异,而左心耳的峰值血流排空速度差异具有显著性;随房颤病程变化,左心耳容积具有显著性差异(P<0.05);房颤伴高血压组与不伴高血压组上述指标亦具有显著性差异。结论左心耳大小、形态的改变,功能的减低,血流速度的减慢是房颤患者左心耳内血栓形成的重要危险因素。因此,对左心耳大小、形态及功能的检测可以帮助临床进行风险评估、判断愈后以及指导治疗等方面都有着重要的临床价值。     

急性非瓣膜性房颤患者凝血功能观察

目的观察急性非瓣膜性房颤患者是否存在血栓前状态及复律后凝血因子水平的变化。方法检测24例急性房颤患者（〈48h）自发或药物转复后1、3、30天血浆血管性假血友病因子（vWF）、D-二聚体浓度，并设24例慢性房颤组和24例健康对照组。结果房颤患者血浆vWF、D-二聚体浓度升高（vWF：急性房颤组137．2±36．9ng／ml，慢性房颤组133．1±25．0）ng／ml，对照组86．7±33．2ng／ml，D-二聚体三组分别为：2．35±2．68mg／ml、1．12±0．65mg／ml、0．39±0．28mg／ml，P〈0．05），复律后30天，急性房颤组D-二聚体浓度高于其他组（P=0．04），而vWF浓度无显著变化。结论急性房颤患者存在内皮功能损害和血栓形成增加，并且可以持续到复律后30天，     

左心耳充盈排空功能的超声研究

目的：应用超声组织速度显像（TVI）技术对持续性房颤患者左心耳充盈和排空功能变化特点进行研究。方法：选择29例持续性房颤患者（房颤组）和31例对照者（对照组），在食管超声心动图（TEE）条件下获取左心耳超声图像，应用TVI技术对左心耳壁各节段收缩期峰值速度（PSV）和舒张早期峰值速度（PDVE）及其相关指标进行定量分析。结果：对照组左心耳壁顶部PSV和PDVs高于其余节段（P〈0．05），房颤组左心耳壁各节段PSV和PDVE较对照组均降低（P〈0．01）。对照组心耳顶部PSV与左心耳面积变化率（LAA—EF）和左心耳充盈速度（LAA—EV）呈正相关（r=0．656、0．712，P〈0．001），房颤组心耳顶部PSV与左房腔内径（LADd）呈线性负相关（r=-0．66，P〈0．001）。结论：TVI技术可定量评价左心耳排空及充盈功能，左心耳顶部PSV是反映左心耳整体排空功能的有效指标。     

多平面经食道超声心动图估测左心耳功能及血栓的评价

目的 评价应用经食道超声心动图(TEE)估测左心耳功能及诊断左房血栓的价值。方法 采用TEE对33例伴有或不伴有房颤患者检测左心耳容量及收缩功能，探测左房和左心耳内有无明确血栓征象。并与经胸多普勒二维超声心动图(TTE)比较。结果 33例患者中左房血栓6例，左心耳血栓6例，排除左房血栓3例。根据左心耳面积测定计算出左心耳射血分数(Efv)与左心耳峰值血流排空速度(Per)相关性良好(r=0．84)。结论 TEE不仅可定性诊断左房血栓，还可测量左心耳射血分数，房颤患者左心耳面积扩大，左心耳射血分数减低，评价左心耳功能较二维超声心动图更为准确。     

经食道及经胸超声检测房颤患者左心耳血栓的对比研究

目的：比较经食道超声（TEE）及经胸超声（TTE）在检测房颤患者左心耳血栓中的价值。方法对74例非瓣膜性房颤患者同时进行TEE和TTE检查,比较左心耳血栓的检出情况。结果74例房颤患者中,TTE检出左心耳血栓9例（12.16%）,其中假阳性3例;检出左心耳自发显影（SEC）5例（6.76%）,其中假阳性2例;TEE检出左心耳血栓24例（32.43%)、左心耳SEC18例（24.32%）,两种方法比较具有统计学差异。超声表现：左心耳血栓表现为左心耳内壁异常回声团块附着,为低回声或稍强回声,左心耳SEC表现为左心耳内漩涡状或云雾状回声,提示血栓形成高危状态。结论 TEE对左心耳血栓的检出率明显高于TTE,对房颤治疗具有重要的临床价值。     

多平面经食道超声心动图对左心耳血流动力学的研究

应用多平面经食道超声心动图，对30例正常人左心耳血流动力学进行了检测。其结果：左心耳最大直径1．6±0．2cm，左心耳最大面积3．4±0．6cm2，左心耳面积变化率为53．1％±8．3％，左心耳收缩期最大排空速度为70．4％±10．9cm／s。本文对正常人左心耳血流频谱模式及检测左心耳血流动力学的临床价值，进行了初步讨论。     

房颤患者左心耳血流频谱对除颤成功率的预测

目的　探讨房颤患者左心耳血流频谱类型与除颤成功率的关系。方法　应用多平面经食管超声心动图 (TEE)对 6 2例非瓣膜性房颤患者的左心耳血流频谱进行了检测 ,并与除颤成功率进行了对比分析。结果　本组病例左心耳血流频谱显示 3种类型。第 1种类型为在整个心动周期内表现持续而明确的不规则充盈波及排空波 ,其除颤成功率为 10 0 % ;第 2种类型为在整个心动周期内出现不连续的低小充盈波及排空波 ,其除颤成功率为 80 % ;第 3种类型为整个心动周期内显示持续的低流速波 ,除颤均未转复窦性心律。结论　房颤患者通过TEE对左心耳血流频谱的检测 ,可预测除颤治疗的成功率。     

经食管超声心动图及凝血指标评估非风湿性房颤栓塞危险性的临？…

目的探讨经食管超声心动图(TEE)检查和测定血浆凝血标志物用于评估非风湿性房颤(NRAF)栓塞危险性价值。方法对124例的研究对象全部测定血浆中凝血标志物,对风湿性房颤(RAF)组32例和NRAP组34例实施常规经胸超声心动图(TTE)和TEE检查。结果①TEE的心房血栓和左房自发性超声对比(LASEC)现象检出率显著高于TTE(P<0．01);左心耳(LAA)血流排空速率降低(<25cm／s)与心房血栓和LASEC形成密切相关。②四种血浆中凝血标志物水平在NRAF组均显著高于正常对照组(P<0．01);其中D-2聚体水平在LAA功能减退患者中显著升高(P<0．01)。结论①TEEⅢ较TTE在评估NRAF栓塞危险性方面具更高的应用价值;心房内存在血栓、LASEC阳性,LAA血流排空速率下降是三项重要的TEE评估指标。②心房颤动可导致某些特异性凝血标志物水平显著升高。③D-2聚体浓度升高与TEE评估指标高度相关。     

CTA定量评价广西壮族人群非瓣膜性房颤患者左心耳结构与血栓形成关联性及意义

目的 探讨计算机断层扫描血管造影(CTA)定量评价广西壮族人群非瓣膜性房颤患者左心耳结构与血栓形成的关系。方法 选取2020年7月～2022年6月崇左市人民医院、钦州市第一人民医院、柳州市工人医院180例广西壮族人群非瓣膜性房颤患者,均行经食道超声心动图(TEE)、心脏CTA检查,以TEE为标准,统计CTA诊断左心耳血栓价值,分析CTA与TEE评价左心耳空间形态的一致性。根据TEE左心耳是否有血栓分为血栓组(80例)、无血栓组(100例),比较两组一般资料、开口长径、开口短径、开口周长、左心房容积、左心耳容积、左上肺静脉口长径、左心耳空间形态,经Logistic回归方程分析左心耳血栓形成的相关影响因素。结果 经CTA检查共检出左心耳血栓77例,诊断敏感度为92.50%(74/80),特异度为97.00%(97/100);CTA评价左心耳空间形态与TEE的一致性为98.89%(178/180),Kappa值为0.983(95%CI:0.891～1.075)(P<0.05);血栓组开口短径、开口长径、开口周长、左心耳容积、左心房容积、左上肺静脉口长径大于无血栓组,左心耳空间形态与无血...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.