汉语失写检查法及其在失写症检查中的临床应用

根据汉语文字的特点，书写行为相关因素及我国文化背景的具体情况。设计了一套用于评定汉语失写症患者书写能力的方法，包括自动书写，抄写、听写、看图书写、主动书写及书写能力检查６个部分。通过临床应用，初步显示了该检查法在失写症评估中的可靠性和实用性。     

左右两侧基底神经节区病变致汉语失写症的临床研究

目的：观察左、右两侧基底神经节区病变致汉语失写症失写程度间差异。方法：选择左侧、右侧基底神经节区单一病灶的患者各50例,测查其书写状况,计算各项书写得分和失写指数。结果：左侧失写42例与右侧失写7例在各项书写得分、失写指数方面差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：左侧基底神经节区病变致汉语失写症失写程度重于右侧。     

右侧基底神经节区病变致汉语失写症临床特征分析

失写症（Agraphia）是由于获得性脑损害而导致书写功能受损或丧失。基底神经节性失写是指病灶部位主要位于基底神经节区,包括壳核、尾状核、苍白球、内囊区,引起失写综合征。对于基底神经节性失写、基底神经节性汉语失写的相关研究报道较少,现对我科收治的50例右侧基底神经节区病变致7例汉语失写症的失写特征报道如下。     

汉语失写症的神经心理学研究及其意义

目的 探讨汉语失写症的神经心理语言学机制以及该研究对于汉语失写症病理行为的康复学意义。方法 采用汉语失语检查法和汉语失写检查法测试口语和书写能力，详细记录患者的书写、失写行为特征，区分言语障碍类型；运用计算机图像处理技术对病灶CT／MRI图像进行标准化、二维叠加、三维重建等处理，并与非失写对照组相减，显示不同失写类型病变的集中趋势。结果 左侧半球损害48例，其中失语30例，失写32例，后者中纯失写1例，失读并失写1例；右侧半球损害15例，其中失语失写3例。具体的资料分析表明：不同的失写类型有不同的病理行为特点。计算机图像处理结果显示：失语性失写病灶较集中的区域为左额顶叶深部白质。惰性失写主要集中在左外侧裂的前方、从额中下回向后部延伸。镜像书写则分散于左丘脑、基底节附近。结论 汉语失写症的病理行为特点与病损定位有密切的关系；双通道理论有可能符合汉语语言学机制；汉语失写症的神经心理学研究对汉语失写康复模式的制定有重要意义。     

基底神经节区脑损害与汉语失写症关系的研究

目的 研究基底神经节损害所致汉语失写症的特点。方法 采用汉语失语检查法(ABC)及汉语失写检查法(CAB)测试基底神经节损害患者的口语和书写能力,统计言语障碍类型,计算各项书写得分和失写指数。结果 38例患者中,左侧基底神经节损害21例,其中失语18例,失写18例;右侧损害14例,其中失语1例,失写4例,左右两侧失语失写率有显著性差异(P<0.01);双侧损害3例,均伴失语,失写2例。汉语书写障碍类型主要为构字障碍、字词错写和语句篇章层级书写障碍。结论 基底神经节损害可导致汉语失写症,其失写语言机制可能有低灌注机制、整合中枢、环路受损、字形在脑内结构的记忆提取受损等。     

汉语失写症的神经心理学研究及其意义

目的探讨汉语失写症的神经心理语言学机制以及该研究对于汉语失写症病理行为的康复学意义.方法采用汉语失语检查法和汉语失写检查法测试口语和书写能力,详细记录患者的书写、失写行为特征,区分言语障碍类型;运用计算机图像处理技术对病灶CT/ MRI图像进行标准化、二维叠加、三维重建等处理,并与非失写对照组相减,显示不同失写类型病变的集中趋势.结果左侧半球损害48例,其中失语30例,失写32例,后者中纯失写1例,失读并失写1例;右侧半球损害15例,其中失语失写3例.具体的资料分析表明:不同的失写类型有不同的病理行为特点.计算机图像处理结果显示:失语性失写病灶较集中的区域为左额顶叶深部白质.惰性失写主要集中在左外侧裂的前方、从额中下回向后部延伸.镜像书写则分散于左丘脑、基底节附近.结论汉语失写症的病理行为特点与病损定位有密切的关系;双通道理论有可能符合汉语语言学机制;汉语失写症的神经心理学研究对汉语失写康复模式的制定有重要意义.     

左侧基底神经节区病变致汉语失写书写障碍临床分析

失写症（Agraphia）是指由于获得性脑损害而导致书写功能受损或丧失。基底神经节性失写是指病灶部位主要在基底神经节区（包括壳核、尾状核、苍白球、内囊区）,引起的失写综合征。现对我科收治的50例左侧基底神经节区病变致42例汉语失写症的失写特征报告如下。     

汉语失写症的书写行为及特点

本文从自动书写，抄写，听写，看图书写，主动书写和书写相关能力检测几个方面研究了２０例汉语失写症的书写行为，结果分析失语性，视空间性，惰性，失用性，镜像和完全性六种性质的失写，其中失语怀失写占绝大部分（１８／２０），每种性质的失写各具特点，作者认为失语性失写是大脑笔划提取程序或音义限定受到某种因素干扰时，信息提取发生错乱所致，视空间失写是由于正常，连续的视空间功能破坏所致，惰性失写是因大脑执行连续行     

纯失写症的神经心理测试及其语言机制探讨

书写是人类特有的行为和语言功能,是大脑高级神经元活动的结果.失写症是由于这些高级神经元活动的破坏引起的书写行为的障碍或异常,不包括因单纯手部肌肉运动障碍所致的构字不能.纯失写症是失写症中特殊罕见的一种,它只表现为单一的书写障碍,而不伴有其他语言功能的异常,因而它在神经语言学研究中很具重要性.自1884年pitres首例报道以来,国际上已有对不少典型纯失写症病例的系统研究,而我国自上世纪80年代也开始有纯失写症的相关报道,但多只限于临床描述,没有采用实验化的研究方法,因而所取得的成果相对偏少.本文利用实验神经心理学的研究方法尝试对一纯失写症进行系统、深入地实验化研究,现报道如下.     

失读伴失写症患者的实验神经心理学研究

失读症[1]是一种获得性的阅读障碍,主要表现对书面文字的理解困难,可伴或不伴有朗读困难。失读伴失写症又称顶-颞失读症,主要表现为阅读能力和书写能力全部或部分丧失,自发书写和听写障碍常较突出,而抄写能力可能保留。国外学者通过实验神经心理学的研究方法[2],对拼音文字的失读症已经进行了较为深入的研究,而我国对汉语失读症研究甚少,且大多采用临床神经心理学方法。本文即采用实验神经心理学方法对一失读伴失写症患者进行详细、系统的研究,并报道如下。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.