Investigation of bone and mineral metabolism in hyperthyroidism before and after treatment using calcitonin, 47Ca and balance studies.

Seventeen normocalcaemic patients with severe hyperthyroidism were examined before therapy was initiated; 9 were re-examined about 1 year later. Studies with 47Ca under balance conditions and with calcitonin demonstrated a high rate of bone resorption in untreated patients. As a result of the increased bone turnover, the reaction to 6 MRC units of porcine calcitonin iv was more marked in the untreated than in the treated patients or the control group. In contrast to the normal diurnal pattern for PO4, it was found that during fasting the plasma PO4 level increases in the morning in patients with hyperthyroidism. This increase which was not suppressed by the administered dose of calcitonin developed in spite of an elevated urinary PO4 excretion. After treatment, the serum Ca concentration as well as the urinary and faecal Ca excretion was decreased. The Ca balance improved; the rapidly-exchangeable Ca pool returned to normal. The slowly-exchangeable and the total Ca pools, however, remained enlarged. The rate of bone resorption normalized. The accretion rate on the other hand remained elevated. This is atributed to continued enhancement of bone formation to compensate for the previous loss of bony tissue.     

Effect of methimazole pretreatment on serum thyroid hormone levels after radioactive treatment in Graves' hyperthyroidism

Radioiodine (131I) is the preferred definitive treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism. Pretreatment with antithyroid drugs is often used to avoid thyroid hormone discharge after 131I ablation. However, this may represent an unnecessary increase in risk and costs. Fifty-one patients with Graves' disease were randomly assigned to receive 131I alone (28 patients) or 131I plus pretreatment with methimazole (30 mg/day; 23 patients). Methimazole was interrupted 4 days before 131I therapy. Serum T4, free T4 (FT4), and T3 were measured on days -4 and -1, on the day of treatment, and on days 2, 5, 7, 14, 20, and 30. In patients receiving 131I alone, mean serum T4 levels did not change after therapy. Mean serum FT4 and T3 levels decreased significantly 5 days after 131I administration (15% and 18%, respectively). Serum T3 reached its lowest level on day 30 (38%). With pretreatment, mean serum T4, FT4, and T3 levels increased (38%, 39%, and 70%, respectively) after methimazole discontinuation and before 131I administration. After 131I, serum T4 levels peaked on day 7 (23% vs. treatment day; 70% vs. baseline); FT4 levels peaked on day 14 (53% vs. treatment day; 107% vs. baseline). The serum T3 concentration increased 9% on day 2 (85% vs. baseline) and decreased from day 14 (15%) to day 30 (21%). We conclude that interruption of antithyroid drugs causes a short term increase in serum thyroid hormone levels in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism receiving 131I. Thyroid hormone levels stabilize or decrease during the first 30 days after 131I therapy.     

Association of apolipoprotein A5 gene polymorphisms and serum lipid levels

Background and aims

Apolipoprotein (APO) A5 gene polymorphisms have been associated with increased plasma triglyceride (TG), but the results are inconsistent. The present study was undertaken to detect the APOA5 gene polymorphisms and their associations with lipid profiles in the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations.

Methods and results

Genotyping of the APOA5 −1131T>C, c.553G>T and c.457G>A was performed in 490 subjects of Hei Yi Zhuang and 540 participants of Han Chinese aged 15-89 years. The −1131C allele frequency was higher in high total cholesterol (TC) than in normal TC subgroups in both the ethnic groups (P < 0.05). The c.553T allele frequency was higher in high TG than in normal TG subgroups (P < 0.01), in high APOB than in normal APOB subgroups in Hei Yi Zhuang (P < 0.05), or in females than in males in Han (P < 0.01). The c.457A allele frequency in Han was higher in high TG than in normal TG subgroups, in low APOA1 than in normal APOA1 subgroups, in males than in females, or in normal APOB than in high APOB subgroups (P < 0.05-0.01). The levels of TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and APOB in Hei Yi Zhuang were correlated with −1131T>C genotype or allele, and the levels of TG were associated with c.553G>T genotype (P < 0.05). The levels of TG, APOA1 and APOB in Han were correlated with c.457G>A genotype or allele, and the levels of TC were associated with −1131T>C allele (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The differences in the lipid profiles between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different APOA5 gene-environmental interactions.     

甲亢患者血清miR-133a水平变化与甲状腺激素及脂质代谢的关联性研究

［摘要］　目的　探讨甲亢患者血清miR-133a水平变化与甲状腺激素及脂质代谢的关联性。方法　招募2020年10月至2022年8月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九八三医院收治的新发显性甲亢患者100例（甲亢组）,其中28例患者接受标准甲巯咪唑治疗;另选择同期健康体检者100名作为对照组。收集研究对象的性别、年龄、甲状腺激素、肝功能及其他生化指标等临床资料。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（PCR）法检测血清miR-133a水平,分析其与甲状腺激素及脂质代谢水平的相关性。结果　与对照组相比,甲亢组游离甲状腺素(FT₄)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT₃)、促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)、舒张压、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)和直接胆红素(DBIL)水平较高,体质量指数(BMI)、腰围、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平较低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。甲亢组血清miR-133a水平显著低于对照组（Z=9.796,P<0.001）。甲亢组血清miR-133a水平与ALT、FT₃、FT₄水平呈负相关（P<0.05）,与TC、LDL-C和TSH水平呈正相关（P<0.05）。在接受甲巯咪唑治疗后,甲亢患者FT₃和FT₄水平显著降低（P<0.05）,TC、LDL-C、TSH及血清miR-133a水平显著升高（P<0.05）。治疗前后血清miR-133a水平变化值与FT₃（r_s=-0.728,P<0.001）、FT₄（r_s=-0.377,P=0.048）水平变化值呈负相关,但与TC、TG、LDL-C和TSH水平变化值相关性不显著（P>0.05）。结论　甲亢患者血清miR-133a水平下调,这可能与甲状腺激素升高导致的脂质代谢紊乱有关。     

Respiratory muscle strength in hyperthyroidism before and after treatment.

We undertook this study to investigate respiratory muscle strength in relation to thyroid function in 20 thyrotoxic patients and in a group of 20 normal subjects matched for age and sex. Global respiratory muscle strength was assessed by measuring mouth pressure during maximal static inspiratory (PImax) and expiratory (PEmax) efforts. We also measured VC, FVC, and FEV1 as well as thyroid-related hormones (T3, T4, TSH). Measurements were made once in normal subjects and twice in thyrotoxic patients, before and 3 months after medical treatment. Our results showed that both maximal pressures were significantly reduced (p less than 0.0001) before treatment in thyrotoxic patients in relation to the mean values of the normal subjects (p less than 0.0001), and they increased significantly (p less than 0.0003) after treatment. Lung volumes were significantly reduced (p less than 0.0001) before and increased significantly (p less than 0.008) after treatment. The ratio FEV1/FVC did not change. A statistically significant linear relationship was found when PImax of patients with thyrotoxicosis before treatment and of normal subjects were plotted against thyroid hormones (T3, T4) (r = -0.746 and r = -0.745, respectively, p less than 0.001). Similarly, a statistically significant linear relationship was found between PEmax and T3 and T4 (r = -0.837 and r = -0.838, respectively, p less than 0.001). No relationship was found between maximal pressures and TSH. Finally, a significant linear relationship was found between PImax and PEmax (r = 0.872, p less than 0.001). Our results confirm that in thyrotoxicosis respiratory muscle weakness occurs that affects both inspiratory and expiratory muscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effect of transdermal testosterone treatment on serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in men more than 65 years of age

PURPOSE: Because the effects of androgen replacement on lipoprotein levels are uncertain, we sought to determine the effect of transdermal testosterone treatment on serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in elderly men. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and eight healthy men more than 65 years of age who had serum testosterone concentrations >1 SD below the mean for young men were randomly assigned to receive either testosterone (54 men; 6 mg/day) or placebo (54 men) transdermally in a double-blind fashion for 36 months. Serum concentrations of lipids and apolipoproteins were measured, and cardiovascular events recorded. RESULTS: Serum total cholesterol concentrations decreased in both the testosterone-treated men and placebo-treated men, but the 3-year mean (+/- SD) decreases in the two groups (testosterone treated, -17 +/- 29 mg/dL; placebo treated, -12 +/- 38 mg/dL) were not significantly different from each other (P = 0.4). Similarly, serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels decreased in both treatment groups, but the decreases in the two groups (testosterone treated, -16 +/- 24 mg/dL; placebo treated, -16 +/- 33 mg/dL) were similar (P = 1.0). Levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoproteins A-I and B did not change. Lipoprotein(a) levels increased in both groups by similar amounts (testosterone treated, 3 +/- 9 mg/dL; placebo treated, 4 +/- 6 mg/dL; P = 1.0). The number of cardiovascular events was small and did not differ significantly between the testosterone-treated men (9 events) and the placebo-treated men (5 events) during the 3-year study (relative risk = 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 0.7 to 5.0). CONCLUSIONS: As compared with placebo, transdermal testosterone treatment of healthy elderly men for 3 years did not affect any of the lipid or apolipoprotein parameters that we measured. The effect of testosterone treatment on cardiovascular events was unclear, because the number of events was small.     

Fibrinogen and fibrinolytic activity in hyperthyroidism before and after antithyroid treatment

Plasma concentration of fibrinogen and B beta 15-42, a specific product of fibrinogen metabolism induced by plasmin, were measured in a group of patients with untreated hyperthyroidism and in controls. Significantly increased plasma levels of both parameters were observed in hyperthyroid patients. The restoration of euthyroidism either by antithyroid drug or by radioiodine caused a significant decrease of fibrinogen and B beta 15-42. These data indicate that hyperthyroidism is another clinical condition associated with increased concentration of fibrinogen and B beta 15-42.     

Effects of CS-514 on serum lipoprotein lipid and apolipoprotein levels in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia

Effects of CS-514, a new competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, on serum lipoprotein lipid and apolipoprotein levels were studied in 13 heterozygous patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Treatment with 10 mg of CS-514 twice daily reduced total serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) cholesterol levels by 25%, 33%, and 33%, respectively, and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels by 15%. Apolipoprotein B, E, and C-II levels decreased by 24%, 20%, and 19%, and apolipoproteins A-I and A-II levels increased by 10% and 7%, respectively. One patient showed abnormally high levels of SGOT, SGPT, and serum alkaline phosphatase, which returned to normal levels immediately after the cessation of CS-514. No other adverse effects were observed. Thus, CS-514 reduces atherogenic lipoproteins and apolipoprotein B, and increases HDL and apolipoprotein A-I and A-II, and appears to be a useful drug for heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.     

Interactions of the apolipoprotein A5 gene polymorphisms and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels

Objectives Apolipoprotein(Apo) A5 gene poly-morphisms and alcohol consumption have been associated with increased serum triglyceride(TG) levels,but little is known about their interactions on serum lipid levels.The present study was undertaken polymorphismsand alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels.Methods A total of 516 unrelated nondrinkers and 514 drinkers aged 15 -89 were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the ApoA5was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism,and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Interactions of the ApoA5alcohol consumption were assessed by using a cross-product term between genotypes and the aforementioned factor.Results The levels of total cholesterol (TC),TG,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), ApoA1 and ApoB were higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers (P<0.05-0.001).The genotypic and allelic frequencies of the three single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were not different between the two groups.The levels of TG in non-drinkers, and TC,TG,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)and ApoB in drinkers were different among the three -1131T>C genotypes(P<0.05-0.001).The -1131C allele carriers had higher serum TC,TG,LDL-C and ApoB levels than the allele noncarriers.The levels of TG,HDL-C and ApoB in nondrinkers,and TG and HDL-C in drinkers were different between the two c.553G>T genotypes(P<0.05-0.01).The C.553T allele carriers had higher serum TG and ApoB levels,and lower HDL-C levels than the allele noncarriers.Serum lipid levels in nondrinkers were not different among the three c.457G>A genotypes(P<0.05 for all), but the levels of HDL-C,LDL-C,ApoA1 and ApoB in drinkers were different between the GG and GA/AA geno-types (P<0.05-0.001).The C.457A allele carriers had lower serum HDL-C,LDL-C,ApoAl and ApoB levels than the allele noncarriers.We also observed four haplotypes:G-G-T, G-G-C,G-A-T,and T-G-C with frequencies ranging from 0.06 to 0.87,representing 100%o     

2型糖尿病患者载脂蛋白A5对血脂代谢的影响

测定2型糖尿病患者和健康体检者的载脂蛋白A5（ApoA5）的浓度及各项血脂指标和血糖。与对照组比较，糖尿病组的ApoA5水平明显降低（P〈0．05），血清ApoA5与甘油三酯之间呈显著的负相关（P〈0．05）。提示ApoA5水平降低可能是糖尿病的危险因素，ApoA5可能是甘油三酯代谢的重要调节因子之一。     

Alterations in serum protein levels in patients with Cushing's syndrome before and after successful treatment

Alteration in serum protein concentration is used commonly in clinical practice as a nonspecific indicator of underlying disease or to monitor disease activity. Although hypercortisolemia may affect protein metabolism directly or indirectly, data regarding alterations of levels of serum protein in a large series of patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) have been lacking. We have now evaluated, retrospectively, the levels of circulating serum albumin, globulins, total proteins, and the albumin to globulin ratio in 99 patients with endogenous CS before, immediately after, and 3, 6, and 12 months following successful treatment. Subjects with concomitant infections or other chronic diseases were excluded from the analysis. Although mean serum albumin and total protein levels were within the normal reference ranges, in general, they gradually increased after treatment with maximal values being reached at 12 months after normalization of hypercortisolemia (P < 0.0001 for both); there were no significant changes in serum globulin levels or in the albumin to globulin ratio. Patients with CS as a whole showed a weak but significant negative correlation between serum albumin and 0900 h cortisol level (r = -0.303; P = 0.0035). In conclusion, our data suggest that CS is associated with a small but significant reduction in circulating serum protein levels, which are restored following treatment of hypercortisolemia, although these changes occur within the reference range. Thus, extreme alterations in serum total protein or albumin levels in patients with CS should alert physicians to the presence of concomitant pathology, and additional specific investigation should be undertaken to elucidate the cause.     

Changes of sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin levels in male adults with hyperthyroidism before and after antithyroid drug treatment

<正>Objective To observe the changes of sex hormone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels in young male patients with hyperthyroidism before and after antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment. Methods Between January 2015 and July 2016,forty male patients with hyperthyroidism aged 19-52 years (with an median age of     

心房颤动导管消融术前后血清心肌酶的变化

目的观察心房颤动(房颤)导管消融术前后血清心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌红蛋白(MYO)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)的变化,并以此评估导管消融术对心肌损伤的程度。方法测定49例房颤患者导管消融术前及术后4h的血清cTnI,MYO,CK和CK-MB。结果49例患者导管消融术后比术前心肌酶学各项指标均升高(cTnI2.90±1.67μg/L比0.01±0.00μg/L,MYO70.32±58.96μg/L比23.32±7.01μg/L,CK219.58±117.20U/L比119.79±32.76U/L,CK-MB33.47±16.11U/L比19.63±5.87U/L,P均<0.05)。术后持续性房颤组cTnI为3.82±1.71μg/L,MYO为96.00±72.59μg/L,CK为278.60±130.75U/L,CK-MB为38.40±17.19U/L;阵发性房颤组cTnI为1.88±0.86μg/L,MYO为41.78±12.43μg/L,CK为154.00±49.80U/L,CK-MB为28.00±13.68U/L。组间比较,持续性房颤组cTnI,MYO和CK水平均较阵发性房颤组明显升高(P均<0.05),而两组间CK-MB差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论房颤导管消融术后心肌酶升高,在所有指标中以cTnI最为敏感和特异。     

淡漠型甲状腺功能亢进症与血钙水平关系的临床回顾分析

分析典型甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)与淡漠型甲亢患者血钙水平的差异,发现淡漠型甲亢血钙较典型甲亢显著增高,血清骨源性碱性磷酸酶(BAP)则显著降低(均P<0.01).淡漠型甲亢临床表现不典型的原因可能与血钙过度增高有关.     

淡漠型甲状腺功能亢进症与血钙水平关系的临床回顾分析

分析典型甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)与淡漠型甲亢患者血钙水平的差异,发现淡漠型甲亢血钙较典型甲亢显著增高,血清骨源性碱性磷酸酶(BAP)则显著降低(均P<0.01).淡漠型甲亢临床表现不典型的原因可能与血钙过度增高有关.     

淡漠型甲状腺功能亢进症与血钙水平关系的临床回顾分析

分析典型甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)与淡漠型甲亢患者血钙水平的差异,发现淡漠型甲亢血钙较典型甲亢显著增高,血清骨源性碱性磷酸酶(BAP)则显著降低(均P<0.01).淡漠型甲亢临床表现不典型的原因可能与血钙过度增高有关.     

淡漠型甲状腺功能亢进症与血钙水平关系的临床回顾分析

分析典型甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)与淡漠型甲亢患者血钙水平的差异,发现淡漠型甲亢血钙较典型甲亢显著增高,血清骨源性碱性磷酸酶(BAP)则显著降低(均P<0.01).淡漠型甲亢临床表现不典型的原因可能与血钙过度增高有关.