~1H-MRS在脑胶质瘤诊断及分级中的应用

目的:分析脑胶质瘤的氢质子磁共振波谱(proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1H-MRS)表现及其临床意义;探讨脑胶质瘤的1H-MRS特点与其病理级别相关性。方法:搜集经临床手术、病理证实的脑胶质瘤38例,按照WHO分级(2000)标准分成两组:低级别脑胶质瘤组、高级别脑胶质瘤组。所有患者在术前行1H-MRS检查,均在MR非增强成像的基础上获得。使用GE Signa1.5T超导磁共振扫描仪,多体素扫描,点分辨选择波谱法,检测不同区域代谢物变化。结果:脑胶质瘤的1H-MRS表现:肌酸(Cr)无明显变化;N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)下降,胆碱(Cho)增高,变化的程度由肿瘤级别高低决定;低级别、高级别脑胶质瘤的肿瘤组织分别和对侧正常脑组织的NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho比值存在显著性差异(P<0.01);低级别脑胶质瘤和高级别脑胶质瘤的肿瘤组织的NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho比值有统计学意义(P<0.05),脑胶质瘤的NAA/Cho、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr比值与病理级别相关。结论:1H-MRS与MRI相结合能提高脑胶质瘤术前诊断的准确性。1H-MRS可评价脑胶质瘤的分级,反映脑胶质瘤代谢特性以及肿瘤生长潜能。     

联合~1H-MRS及DTI在脑胶质瘤级别的应用

目的联合应用~1H-MRS及DTI在脑胶质瘤病理级别和侵袭性的研究。方法把55例术后病理证实的脑胶质瘤患者分为高低级别两组,并对肿瘤实质~1H-MRS比值及DTI各参数进行组间和组内差异性分析。结果高、低级别脑胶质瘤实质区Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA两者比值有显著差异及相关性(P0.01);FA及rFA值亦有显著差异及相关性(P0.01)。结论 Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA比值、FA及rFA值为术前脑胶质瘤分级提供重要参考价值。     

脑胶质瘤1H-MRS的应用与VEGF、MMP-9及uPA表达的相关性研究

目的 探讨脑胶质瘤氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)特征与肿瘤病理级别和侵袭性的关系及与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-9和尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂(uPA)表达的相关性.方法 55例术后病理证实的脑胶质瘤患者分为高、低级别2组,并对肿瘤实质1H-MRS比值进行组间和组内差异性分析.检测脑胶质瘤中的MMP-9、VEGF及uPA的表达情况,探讨三者与1H-MRS比值变化的相关性.结果 高、低级别脑胶质瘤实质区胆碱/肌酸(Cho/Cr)、胆碱/N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(Cho/NAA)两者比值有显著差异及相关性(P<0.01),VEGF、MMP-9肿瘤表达具有显著差异(P<0.01),与前者存在显著相关性(P<0.01),而NAA/Cr比值及uPA表达均无明显差异及相关性(P>0.05).结论 VEGF、MMP-9在脑胶质瘤发生发展中具有重要促进作用,Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA比值为术前脑胶质瘤分级提供重要参考价值,间接反映了VEGF、MMP-9的表达.     

~1H-MRS在亚急性脑梗死与低级别脑胶质瘤鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨二维多体素氢质子磁共振波谱(2D1 H-MRS)在亚急性脑梗死与低级别脑胶质瘤鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法 20例亚急性脑梗死患者及22例低级别脑胶质瘤患者接受了2D1 H-MRS检查,观察亚急性脑梗死与低级别脑胶质瘤2D1 H-MRS胆碱峰(Cho)、肌酸峰(Cr)、N-乙酰天门冬氨酸峰(NAA)及乳酸峰(Lac)的变化,并统计分析Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho比值。结果与对侧或邻近相对正常脑组织比较,亚急性脑梗死病例Cho峰呈轻度降低或升高,低级别脑胶质瘤病例Cho峰升高,两组病例NAA峰均不同程度降低,Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho三个比值在亚急性脑梗死与低级别脑胶质瘤之间的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 2D1 H-MRS在亚急性脑梗死与低级别脑胶质瘤的鉴别诊断中有重要的临床应用价值。     

多体素氢质子MR波谱结合ADC鉴别胶质瘤复发与放射性坏死

目的探讨多体素氢质子MR波谱(1H-MRS)联合ADC图鉴别胶质瘤术后放疗后复发与放射性坏死的临床应用价值。方法回顾分析我院38例胶质瘤术后放疗后行MR检查发现异常强化病灶患者的1H-MRS和ADC图资料。测量强化区、水肿区以及正常脑组织区的胆碱(Cho)/肌酸(Cr)、Cho/N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、NAA/Cr及ADC值。比较复发与放射性坏死两组间Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA、NAA/Cr以及病灶-对侧相对ADC(r ADC)值的差异。ROC曲线分析各参数值最佳诊断界值及对应的诊断敏感性、特异性。结果胶质瘤术后复发17例,放射性坏死21例。复发组强化区、水肿区的Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA均明显高于放射性坏死组(P0.05)。复发组强化区r ADC值低于放射性坏死组(P0.05)。强化区Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA、r ADC值最佳诊断界值分别为2.470、2.825、0.538。水肿区Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA最佳诊断界值分别为1.345、1.750。结论临床可联合应用多体素1H-MRS和ADC图对胶质瘤术后放疗后复发与放射性坏死进行鉴别诊断,从而有助于及时合理的选择个体化治疗方案。     

MR多参数评分鉴别脑胶质瘤术后复发与放射性脑损伤的初步研究

目的 探讨MR多参数评分系统对脑胶质瘤术后复发与放射性脑损伤的诊断价值.资料与方法 对18例脑胶质瘤术后出现异常强化区患者进行扩散加权成像(DWI)、氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)检查.计算感兴趣区的表观扩散系数比值(rADC)和代谢物峰值比值[胆碱/肌酸(Cho/Cr)、胆碱/氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸(Cho/NAA)].根据受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线确定各比值参数的最佳诊断阈值,并对每个病灶分别进行评分,联合多个参数(rADC、Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA)评分结果建立多参数评分系统,对每个病灶综合评分,总得分≥12者诊断为复发,总得分<2者诊断为放射性脑损伤.通过Kappa检验分析各参数诊断结果与金标准诊断结果的吻合程度.结果 最佳诊断阈值分别为:1.41(rADC)、1.31(Cho/Cr)和1.43(Cho/NAA),诊断准确性、敏感性、特异性分别为:83.3%、83.3%、83.3%(rADC),83.3%、91.7%、66.7%(Cho/Cr),83.3%、83.3%、83.3%(Cho/NAA),多参数评分系统(94.4%、91.7%、100%);诊断结果与金标准吻合程度分别为:rADC(高度,K=0.64)、Cho/NAA(高度,k=0.64)、Cho/Cr(高度,K=0.61)、多参数评分系统(极强,K=0.87).结论 与MR单个参数诊断结果相比,MR多参数评分系统可明显提高对胶质瘤术后复发与放射性脑损伤的诊断准确性.     

质子磁共振波谱对脑肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值

目的初步探讨氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)对不同脑肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断价值.材料和方法39例颅内肿瘤分别行常规MRI及1H-MRS检查,将肿瘤实质与对侧相应部位及正常对照组行对照研究.检查方法为PRESS序列,主要观察代谢物为氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、含胆碱的化合物(Cho)、肌酸(Cr/PCr)、乳酸(Lac)和脂类(Lipids).结果几乎所有肿瘤波谱均呈现NAA峰降低,Cho升高,Cho/Cr及Cho/NAA比值升高,与正常组织相比有显著性差异(p＜0.05).低度恶性胶质瘤组8例Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho代谢物比值分别为1.87±0.45、1.13±0.26、0.74±0.21;高度恶性胶质瘤组7例的代谢物比值的均值分别为2.75±1.17、1.07±0.31和0.62±0.28;脑膜瘤组11例,其代谢物比值的均值分别为6.04±2.15、0和0;转移瘤组10例,其代谢物比值的均值分别为2.32±1.08、1.22±0.17和1.23±0.46.胶质瘤组2例术后与术前比较Cho/Cr比值有明显降低.淋巴瘤1例放疗后较放疗前Cho/Cr比值降低;听神经鞘瘤1例见升高的Cho峰;蛛网膜囊肿1例仅见Lac峰.结论H1-MRS对脑肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断、治疗后随访、手术后疗效的评价均有重要价值,可作为一种非损伤性的辅助诊断手段.     

脑胶质瘤ADC值及1H磁共振波谱分析与病理分级的相关性研究

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)的表观弥散系数(ADC)值和1H磁共振波谱(MRS)对脑胶质瘤的诊断价值.方法 对43例病理证实的胶质瘤患者进行MRI平扫、增强、DWI和1H磁共振波谱成像,分别测量肿瘤的实质部分、肿瘤坏死囊变区、肿瘤周边区域及对侧相应部位正常脑白质的ADC值和相对ADC值,同时测量脑胶质瘤中的各种化学成分,如NAA、Cho 、Cr 和Lac等,并计算NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr、NAA/Lac、Cho/Cr、Lac/Cr比值,测量结果与术后病理分级进行对照.结果 ①低级胶质瘤(1~2级)组的肿瘤实质部分的平均ADC值和rADC值均明显高于高级胶质瘤(3~4级)组(P<0.01).②胶质瘤实质部分的ADC值和rADC值均与肿瘤组织的病理分级呈明显负相关(P值均<0.01,r= - 0.767和-0.792).③ 高级别、低级别脑胶质瘤的肿瘤组织NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值存在显著性差异(P<0.01);高、低级别脑胶质瘤的肿瘤组织分别与对侧正常脑组织NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值存在显著性差异(P<0.01).④ 脑胶质瘤的NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr比值与病理级别呈负相关,r分别为-0.782和-0.712;Cho/Cr比值与病理级别呈正相关,r=0.806.结论 ADC值和1H MRS与胶质瘤的病理分级有明显相关性,可作为胶质瘤术前评价的依据.     

氢质子磁共振波谱鉴别孤立脑转移瘤与高级别脑胶质瘤的临床应用价值

目的探讨孤立脑转移瘤与高级别脑胶质瘤的MRI、1H-MRS的临床应用价值。方法经手术病理证实的高级别脑胶质瘤(Ⅲ、Ⅳ级脑胶质瘤)25例及孤立脑转移瘤20例,术前均行常规MRI及1H-MRS检查。从病变部位、信号强度、水肿程度、强化形态及出血与否等方面评价孤立脑转移瘤和高级别脑胶质瘤的常规MRI表现;检测肿瘤组织、瘤周组织区和对侧正常脑组织对照区NAA、Cho和Cr的变化,计算出NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr的比值。结果(1)孤立脑转移瘤和高级别脑胶质瘤的常规MRI各种表现中仅病变部位和水肿程度在两者间存在差别,P值分别为0.009、0.046;(2)高级别脑胶质瘤和孤立脑转移瘤的肿瘤组织的NAA/Cr和NAA/Cho比值存在显著性差异(P<0.01),但Cho/Cr比值无显著性差异(P>0.05);(3)高级别脑胶质瘤和孤立脑转移瘤的瘤周组织的Cho/Cr比值存在显著性差异(P<0.05),但NAA/Cr和NAA/Cho比值无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论常规MRI结合1H-MRS表现可望提高鉴别高级别脑胶质瘤和孤立脑转移瘤的可能性。     

脑胶质瘤外科手术后辅助放疗的MR波谱随访研究

目的:探讨脑胶质瘤外科手术后辅助放射治疗的MR波谱变化趋势和可能的病理学基础.方法:搜集23例经手术病理证实的胶质瘤患者,术后均接受辅助放射治疗,监测脑组织、部分病例的残留肿瘤及复发肿瘤的代谢物浓度的变化趋势,并与放疗结束时的自身数据进行比较.结果:放射野内脑组织NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr和NAA/Cho值逐步降低,至放疗结束后第3个月达最低水平,分别为1.83±0.16、1.27±0.10和1.02±0.15,然后逐渐升高至接近放疗前水平,分别为1.73±0.17、1.45±0.07和1.31±0.18,差异具有统计学意义(F值分别为305.20、50.62和266.68,P值均＜0.01).7例残留瘤体中5例未复发,3种代谢物比值放疗后有所降低并保持在一定水平,2例复发者放疗结束后第12个月NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr和NAA/Cho值分剐为0.20±0.13、3.45±0.11和0.12±0.10,表明肿瘤细胞增值活跃,代谢旺盛,高度提示肿瘤复发,与第二次手术病理结果具有较好的一致性.结论:磁共振波谱通过监测代谢物浓度变化,能无创性反映胶质瘤术后放疗脑损伤的修复过程,监测残留瘤体放疗后的生物活性,可为诊断肿瘤复发提供有价值的信息.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.