化疗联合单一剂量rhG-CSF用于自体外周血造血干细胞移植的临床研究

背景与目的:总结广东省干细胞多中心研究协作组自1999年6月至2001年12月间55例自体外周血造血干细胞移植治疗造血系统恶性疾病的资料,对化疗联合单一剂量rhG-CSF用于自体外周血造血干细胞移植前动员及移植后造血重建的效果进行研究和评价。方法:全部病例(急性髓细胞性白血病28例,急性淋巴细胞性白血病9例,非霍奇金淋巴瘤14例,其他4例)采用化疗+重组粒系集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF,格拉诺赛特)联合动员方案,其中白血病患者主要采用EA方案,恶性淋巴瘤患者主要采用以CTX为主的方案。rhG-CSF用量为250μg/d,WBC升至>4×109/L后,连续1～2天采集PBSC。移植后+3天开始使用rhG-CSF250μg/d,并观察造血重建情况。结果:动员所需的时间即自化疗开始至采集的平均时间为(18.08±3.63)天,rhG-CSF平均应用剂量为4.15μg·(kg·d)-1,应用时间平均7.12天。55例患者平均采集1.38次,采集到的MNC细胞数为(4.09±1.69)×109/kg,CD34+细胞平均值为8.5×106/kg,CFU-GM平均为(6.1±5.8)×105/kg。WBC恢复至>1.0×109/L及中性粒细胞绝对值>0.5×109/L的中位天数分别为10天和10.5天,全部移植患者均获满意的造血重建。结论:我们采用的EA和以CTX为主的化疗联合单一剂量rhG-CSF,是一种安全有效的动员自体外周血造血干细胞的方法,单一剂量rh     

中剂量环磷酰胺为主的联合化疗加同一剂量G-CSF动员恶性血液病患者自体外周血干细胞

目的:观察中剂量环磷酰胺(CTX)为主的联合化疗加G蛳CSF对恶性血液病患者自体外周血造血干细胞(APBSC)的动员效果。方法:31例患者接受中剂量CTX 2.2 g/m2(1.8 g/m2~3.0 g/m2)联合VP16(600 mg ~ 800 mg)或Ara蛳C(1.0 g/m2 ~ 2.0 g/m2)化疗,WBC降至最低值后开始皮下注射G蛳CSF 300 μg/d直至采集结束。WBC≥(3.0~5.0)×109/L时开始采集,当单个核细胞(MNC)累计≥3.8×108/kg或CD+34细胞≥2.0×106/kg时停止采集。结果:采集次数为(2.9±1.0)次,G蛳CSF持续应用时间为(7.4±2.0)d,采集到的MNC细胞数为(5.53±2.54)×108/kg,CD+34细胞数为(9.46±7.24)×106/kg,CFU蛳GM(46.02±70.58)×104/kg。全部移植患者造血功能均获满意重建。结论:中剂量CTX为主的联合化疗加同一剂量G蛳CSF对血液病患者的APBSC动员是安全、有效的。     

环磷酰胺联合G-CSF动员外周血造血干细胞的实验和临床观察

目的评价环磷酰胺(CTX)联合G-CSF(粒细胞集落刺激因子)对自体外周血造血干细胞(PBSC)的动员效果和毒性反应.方法CTX 3.5～4g/m2第1、2天静滴,WBC降至最低点时开始注射G-CSF 4.5(3.5～5)μg/kg@天,至PBSC采集结束.当WBC恢复至(1.9～3.0)×109/L以上,以及MNC(单个核细胞)≥20%～30%和外周血CD34+≥1%时采集APBSC,当累计采集MNC≥2.0×108/kg和CD34+细胞≥2.0×106/kg时停止采集.结果23例患者经CTX+G-CSF动员后第9(7～10)天WBC最低,为0.65(0.25～0.9)×109/L,G-CSF给药开始时间为动员后第10(8～11)天,持续6.5(5～11)天,第13(11～20)天开始采集PBSC,持续2天,采集得MNC 2.5(1.3～8.9)×108/kg,CFU-GM 6.8(2.8～11.6)×105/kg,CD34+细胞4.9(2.5～8.9)×106/kg,1例患者出现心包炎,无其他严重毒性反应;21例接受自体外周血干细胞移植支持下超大剂量化疗均获得满意造血重建.结论CTX联合G-CSF是高效和安全的PBSC动员方案,值得临床广泛应用.     

自体和供者外周血干细胞动员效果观察

 目的 探讨自体和供者外周血造血干细胞动员的方法及其效果。方法 自体干细胞移植者,采用化疗加G-CSF方案动员,WBC降至最低点又回升至2×109／L以上时,开始皮下注射G-CSF 5 μg·kg-1·d-1到采集结束前1天,采集日予地塞米松（DEX）10 mg／d。当WBC上升到>10×109／L时,用CS 3000 plus或MCS +血细胞分离机采集外周血干细胞,连续采集2 d。6名供者予G-CSF 10 μg·kg-1·d-1皮下注射共6 d,动员第5,6天采集外周血干细胞,采集当天清晨给予DEX 10 mg静脉滴注。结果 自体和供者均连续采集2次,采集单个核细胞（MNC）数分别为（3.72±2.17）×108／kg 和（6.07±1.64）×108／kg ,CD+34细胞总数分别为（6.22±2.38）×106／kg和（13.33±1.72）×106／kg。均无严重不良反应。结论 化疗联合G-CSF方案动员自体外周血干细胞和单用G-CSF进行供者干细胞动员是一种简便、经济、高效、低毒的方法。     

联合化疗加重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子动员自体外周血干细胞

目的观察环磷酰胺(CTX)为主的联合化疗加重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)对自体外周血干细胞(APBSC)的动员效果。方法CTX（2.5±1.0）g/m     

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子促进自体造血干细胞移植后造血功能恢复的临床研究

背景与目的:高剂量化放疗联合自体造血干细胞移植(autologoushematopoieticstemcellstransplantation,AHSCT)能够提高某些实体瘤的疗效,该疗法的成功得益于重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(recombinanthumangranulocytecolony-stimulatingfactor,rhG-CSF)的运用。本研究的目的是观察rhG-CSF对实体瘤患者自体造血干细胞移植后造血功能重建的影响。方法:将接受AHSCT的130例实体瘤患者分为rhG-CSF组和对照组,rhG-CSF组在造血干细胞回输后第6天开始连日给予rhG-CSF250～300μg/d,皮下注射,直至白细胞(whitebloodcell,WBC)≥5.0×109/L为止;对照组在造血干细胞回输后不给予rhG-CSF。结果:130例患者共完成移植132次,其中2例为2次移植。研究早期的24例患者采取自体骨髓移植,其中12例移植后给予rhG-CSF;此后的106例均采用自体外周血造血干细胞移植(2例为2次移植),其中47例移植后给予rhG-CSF。(1)rhG-CSF组和对照组自体骨髓移植患者住无菌病房的中位时间为33天和41天,WBC恢复到1.5×109/L以上的中位时间为14天和24天,两组之间的差异有显著性(P<0.05);两组血小板(platelet,PLT)恢复到20×109/L及50×109/L以上的中位时间均无显著性差异。(2)rhG-CSF组和对照组自体外周血干细胞移植患者住无菌病房的中位时间为17天和20天,     

紫杉醇联合重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子动员 乳腺癌患者外周血干细胞的效果及影响因素

 目的研究紫杉醇联合重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（rhG-CSF）动员乳腺癌患者外周血干细胞（peripheral blood stem cell,PBSC）的效果及影响因素分析。方法2006年2月至2009年6月我科收治行紫杉醇动员的26例乳腺癌患者,紫杉醇（PTX,175 mg/m2 持续静脉滴注24 h）化疗后,白细胞降至1.0×109/L左右时使用rhG-CSF 5 μg /(kg·d) 动员至采集结束。并进一步分析患者年龄,化疗后白细胞最低数,采集前各类血细胞数,术后分期以及既往化疗等因素对采集单个核细胞（mononuclear cell,MNC）、CD34+细胞数的影响。结果白细胞计数于紫杉醇化疗后中位7d降至1.0×109/L 左右,皮下注射rhG-CSF中位4d进行外周造血干细胞采集,采集总MNC平均(7.89±1.45)×108/kg,采集总CD34+细胞平均(4.88±1.54)×106/kg。年龄与采集CD34+细胞数显著相关。而其他因素对MNC及CD34+细胞数均无显著影响（P>0.05）。所有患者均未出现严重不良反应。结论PTX（175 mg/m2 持续静脉滴注24h）联合rhG-CSF为转移性乳腺癌患者动员的有效安全方案。患者年龄显著影响CD34+细胞的采集数量。     

MA或MOED方案联合造血生长因子动员自体外周血干细胞效果观察

目的：探讨米托蒽醌(MIT)为主的MA或MOED化疗方案联合造血生长因子对自体外周血干细胞(APBSC)的动员效果。方法：12例患者用MA联合造血生长因子动员方案(Ⅰ组)，8例患者用MOED联合造血生长因子动员方案(Ⅱ组)，两组均在白细胞(WBC)降至最低点开始回升时。皮下注射G-CSF或G-CSF+GM-CSF至采集结束。wBC恢复至＞2.5×109／L，CD34)+细胞比例＞1.0％时，用血细胞分离机连续2天采集APBSC。当累计采集的单个核细胞(MNC)达到4×108／kg以上时停止采集。以文献报道的环磷酰胺联合造血生长因子动员方案为对照(Ⅲ组)。结果：Ⅰ组动员方案在两次采集的CD34)+细胞数量优于Ⅱ组动员方案。Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组两种动员方案在第1次采集的CD34)+细胞数、采集次数、骨髓抑制强度方面优于Ⅱ组动员方案，但是第2次采集CD34)+细胞较少。20例患者连续采集APBSC 2次，共采集到MNC(4.36±2.08)×108／kg，CD34)+细胞(9.87±7.30)×106／kg，CFU-GM(2.86±2.10)×104／kg。18例接受自体外周血干细胞移植(APBSCT)者造血功能均获得满意重建。结论：以MIT为主的化疗联合造血生长因子是一种安全、高效的APBSC动员方法。     

足叶乙甙联合重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子动员自体外周血干细胞的临床研究

目的　观察足叶乙甙 (Vp 16 )联合重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子 (rhG CSF)对恶性实体瘤患者自体外周血造血干细胞 (APBSC)的动员效果 ,并寻找Vp 16合适的给药剂量。方法　按照入组的先后顺序 ,将 30例患者随机分成A、B两组 ,每组 15例。A组Vp 16的给药剂量为 10 0 0mg/m2 ,B组为15 0 0mg/m2 。白细胞 (WBC)降至最低点时开始皮下注射rhG CSF 30 0 μg/d ,直至采集结束前一天。WBC恢复到 5 .0× 10 9/L以上时开始连日采集APBSC ,当累计采集的单个核细胞 (MNC)≥ 5× 10 8/kg或CD34 细胞≥ 2× 10 6/kg时停止采集。结果　Vp 16给药后 ,A、B两组患者外周血中WBC和中性粒细胞绝对值 (ANC)的最低值及最低值出现的时间 ,差异均无显著性。两组rhG CSF给药的开始时间和给药次数、APBSC采集的开始时间和采集次数差异均无显著性 ;在APBSC采集时的循环血量、血流速度和采集时间相同的情况下 ,每次APBSC采集的细胞数量和总量差异亦无显著性 ,B组Vp 16引起的某些毒副反应略重于A组 ,但两组间差异无显著性。结论　Vp 16联合rhG CSF是一种安全、高效的APBSC动员方法 ,15 0 0mg/m2 与 10 0 0g/m2 的Vp 16均可获得满意的APBSC动员采集效果。     

健康供者外周血造血干细胞动员采集最佳时机的探讨

目的探讨自身对照外周血造血干细胞的动员和采集的最佳采集时间。方法10例健康供者应用自身对照设计方法,分别在用rhG-CSF第4天或第5天后2h及4h分2组采集,比较2次采集的细胞浓度(MNC及CD3+4)。结果用rhG-CSF后4h组采集的细胞浓度比2h组的高。结论5~10μg·kg-·1d-1rhG-CSF动员外周血干细胞时,第4天或第5天采集以用药后4h采集干细胞有较好的动员效率和较合理的采集时间-价值-效益关系。     

High-versus standard-dose filgrastim (rhG-CSF) for mobilization of peripheral-blood progenitor cells from allogeneic donors and CD34(+) immunoselection.

PURPOSE: The efficacy of a high- versus a standard-dose filgrastim (recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, or rhG-CSF) regimen to mobilize peripheral-blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) for allogeneic transplantation was investigated in 75 healthy donors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From December 1994 to December 1997, 75 consecutive donors (median age, 38 years; range, 17 to 67 years) were assigned to two different schedules of rhG-CSF for PBPC mobilization. Fifty donors received 24 microg rhG-CSF/kg body weight (BW) divided into two daily subcutaneous injections (two doses of 12 microg, group A), whereas 25 were treated with 10 microg rhG-CSF once daily (group B). Apheresis was started on day 4 in group A and on day 5 in group B. Target CD34(+) cell numbers in apheresis products were >/= 4 x 10(6)/kg recipient BW. RESULTS: Cytokine priming and collection of PBPCs were equally well tolerated in both groups. Significantly higher CD34(+) cell numbers in group A with 3. 7 x 10(6)/kg recipient BW/apheresis (0.47 x 10(6)/L apheresis) compared with 2 x 10(6)/kg recipient BW/apheresis (0.25 x 10(6)/L apharesis) in group B were obtained (P <.05). Using standard aphereses (median, 9 L), two doses of 12 microg rhG-CSF/kg allowed collection of >/= 4 x 10(6)/kg CD34(+) cells with two aphereses (range, one to three) in group A versus three aphereses (range, one to six) in group B (P <.015). Donor age, sex, and BW influenced the collection of CD34(+) cell numbers: in particular, significantly higher apheresis results were obtained in donors younger than 40 years compared with donors older than 40 years of age (P <.05). In 65 CD34(+) selection procedures using avidin-biotin immunoabsorption columns (Ceprate SC System, CellPro, Bothell, WA), a median CD34(+) purity of 53%, CD34(+) recovery of 40%, and the collection of 2 x 10(6)/kg CD34(+) cells/selection were achieved. In group A with higher CD34(+) cells/kg/apheresis, CD34(+) purity, recovery, and cell yields were 60%, 45%, and 2.3 x 10(6)/kg/selection, respectively, as compared with 48%, 31%, and 0.7 x 10(6)/kg in group B (P <.05). CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that twice daily rhG-CSF (two doses of 12 microg/kg BM) compared with once daily rhG-CSF (10 microg/kg BW), in addition to being well tolerated, significantly improves PBPC mobilization, allows the collection of higher numbers of CD34(+) cells with one or two standard aphereses, and facilitates subsequent selection procedures in healthy allogeneic donors.     

Randomized cross-over trial of progenitor-cell mobilization: high-dose cyclophosphamide plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) versus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus G-CSF.

PURPOSE: Patient response to hematopoietic progenitor-cell mobilizing regimens seems to vary considerably, making comparison between regimens difficult. To eliminate this inter-patient variability, we designed a cross-over trial and prospectively compared the number of progenitors mobilized into blood after granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) days 1 to 12 plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) days 7 to 12 (regimen G) with the number of progenitors after cyclophosphamide plus G-CSF days 3 to 14 (regimen C) in the same patient. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine patients were randomized to receive either regimen G or C first (G1 and C1, respectively) and underwent two leukaphereses. After a washout period, patients were then crossed over to the alternate regimen (C2 and G2, respectively) and underwent two additional leukaphereses. The hematopoietic progenitor-cell content of each collection was determined. In addition, toxicity and charges were tracked. RESULTS: Regimen C (n = 50) resulted in mobilization of more CD34(+) cells (2.7-fold/kg/apheresis), erythroid burst-forming units (1.8-fold/kg/apheresis), and colony-forming units-granulocyte-macrophage (2.2-fold/kg/apheresis) compared with regimen G given to the same patients (n = 46; paired t test, P<.01 for all comparisons). Compared with regimen G, regimen C resulted in better mobilization, whether it was given first (P =.025) or second (P =.02). The ability to achieve a target collection of > or =2x10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg using two leukaphereses was 50% after G1 and 90% after C1. Three of the seven patients in whom mobilization was poor after G1 had > or =2x10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg with two leukaphereses after C2. In contrast, when regimen G was given second (G2), seven out of 10 patients failed to achieve the target CD34(+) cell dose despite adequate collections after C1. Thirty percent of the patients (nine of 29) given regimen C were admitted to the hospital because of neutropenic fever for a median duration of 4 days (range, 2 to 10 days). The higher cost of regimen C was balanced by higher CD34(+) cell yield, resulting in equivalent charges based on cost per CD34(+) cell collected. CONCLUSION: We report the first clinical trial that used a cross-over design showing that high-dose cyclophosphamide plus G-CSF results in mobilization of more progenitors then GM-CSF plus G-CSF when tested in the same patient regardless of sequence of administration, although the regimen is associated with greater morbidity. Patients who fail to achieve adequate mobilization after regimen G can be treated with regimen C as an effective salvage regimen, whereas patients who fail regimen C are unlikely to benefit from subsequent treatment with regimen G. The cross-over design allowed detection of significant differences between regimens in a small cohort of patients and should be considered in design of future comparisons of mobilization regimens.     

Harvesting of autologous blood stem cells after a mobilising regimen with low-dose cyclophosphamide

Although high-dose cyclophosphamide (HD-CTX) is commonly used as a mobilising regimen for autologous peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection, significant morbidity and insufficient harvesting may complicate the procedure. Alternative regimens and lower doses of cyclophosphamide (CTX) have been investigated as possible ways of overcoming these difficulties. Low-dose CTX (1.5 g/m2) was administered to 102 lymphoma patients as an autologous PBSC mobilising regimen. The collection of 6 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg was chosen as the target of the apheresis sessions, whereas 3 x 10(6)/kg were considered the minimum necessary to perform autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) safely. The apheretic sessions were started a median of eight days after CTX administration; a median of two aphereses was required. More than 6 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg were collected from 78 patients, between 3 and 6 x 10(6)/kg from 19, and fewer than 3 x 10(6)/kg from 5, two of whom underwent bone marrow harvesting and one a successful second PBSC harvesting session using the same mobilising regimen. Eighty-two patients underwent autografting, six of whom received a second transplant after relapse (five using autologous PBSCs coming from the first apheretic course). Low-dose CTX proved to be a safe and effective regimen for autologous PBSC mobilization and also compared favourably with alternative regimens in terms of the rate of harvesting insufficiency. This does not imply that low-dose CTX is the best mobilising regimen for all patients, and the identification of prognostic factors predicting mobilising potential may help in choosing the best individualised regimen.     

rhG-CSF与rhGM-CSF动员人外周血单核细胞后DC疫苗数量及功能变化的比较

目的 探讨利用人外周血单核细胞制备树突状细胞（dendritic cell, DC）疫苗过程中,使用重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,rhG-CSF）和重组人粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, rhGM-CSF）进行动员的临床应用可行性,并比较两者作为动员试剂的优劣。方法 对2011年8月至2013年12月中国人民解放军第81医院肿瘤生物治疗科进行DC疫苗治疗的恶性肿瘤患者134例进行随机分组,其中rhG-CSF动员者69例,rhGM-CSF动员者65例。rhG-CSF动员组在血细胞分离机采集前1天行rhG-CSF皮下注射3 μg/(kg·d),rhGM-CSF动员组在血细胞分离机采集前1天行rhGMCSF皮下注射3 μg/(kg·d)。比较两组动员前后血常规变化的差异;分析两组采集终产品中单个核细胞（mononuclear cell, MC）数量及表型,检测体外培养所得DC的数量、表型及细胞因子的表达。结果 动员后rhGM-CSF动员组单核细胞增高值高于rhG-CSF动员组（P≤0.001）,但中性粒细胞计数增高值低于rhG-CSF动员组（P≤0.001）,其余血常规项目两者差异无统计学意义。rhGMCSF动员组采集终产品中单个核细胞数量高于rhG-CSF动员组（P=0.046）,而CD14+单核细胞的比例两组差异无统计学意义。rhGM-CSF动员组最终诱导所得DC数量高于rhGCSF动员组（P=0.011）,且DC细胞表面分子HLA-DR的表达高于rhG-CSF动员组（P=0.001）,其余CD80、CD86,CD83、CD11C、CD54表达两组差异无统计学意义。两组DC细胞Th1型和Th2型细胞因子的表达差异都无统计学意义。结论 在用人外周血单核细胞制备DC疫苗的过程中,使用rhGM-CSF动员比rhG-CSF更有优势。     

Hematopoietic progenitor cell collection and neoplastic cell contamination in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy plus granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) or G-CSF alone for mobilization

Background: We compared hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) collection and neoplastic cell contamination in breast cancer patients given cyclophosphamide (CTX) plus granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) or G-CSF alone for mobilization.Patients and methods: In 57 stage II–III breast cancer patients, CD34+ cells, colony-forming units-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM), early HPC and breast cancer cells were counted in HPC collections obtained after CTX plus G-CSF (n = 27) or G-CSF-alone mobilization (n = 30).Results: The CD34+ cell collection was about two-fold greater after CTX plus G-CSF mobilization (11.0 ± 7.9 vs. 5.8 ± 3.5 × 10⁶/kg, P < 0.001). Similarly, the total number of CFU-GM, CD34+CD38– cells and of week-5 cobblestone area forming cells (CAFC) collected was significantly higher in patients mobilized with CTX plus G-CSF. Breast cancer cells were found in the apheresis products of 22% of patients mobilized with CTX plus G-CSF and in 10% of patients mobilized with G-CSF alone (P = 0.36). Of seven patients who failed G-CSF-alone mobilization and eventually underwent chemotherapy plus G-CSF mobilization, none had cytokeratin-positive cells after G-CSF mobilization, whereas four out of seven had cytokeratin-positive cells after chemotherapy plus G-CSF (P = 0.07 by ² test).Conclusion: The CTX plus G-CSF mobilization protocol was associated with a significantly higher HPC collection. However, this benefit was not accompanied by a reduction in the incidence of tumor-contaminated HPC graft.     

Mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells with a combination of cyclophosphamide, r-metHuSCF and filgrastim in patients with breast cancer previously treated with chemotherapy.

The objective of our study was to determine the effect of adding r-metHuSCF to Filgrastim and cyclophosphamide for mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC), on collection of CD34(+) cells and engraftment after autologous stem cell transplant. Twenty-three patients with previously treated stage II-IV breast cancer received cyclophosphamide (3 g/m(2)), Filgrastim 5 microg/kg daily and r-metHuSCF 20 microg/kg daily. Two PBPC collections were performed on consecutive days starting the day the WBC count was above 7.5 x 10(3)/microl. Collection was performed between days +9 and +12 and the median number of CD34(+) cells collected was 9.9 x 10(6)/kg (1.1-53.1) and 6.6 x 10(6)/kg (1.4-33.8) for the first and second apheresis, respectively. Despite being previously treated patients, the target CD34(+) cell dose required for SCT was obtained in all patients. SCT was associated with rapid neutrophil and platelet engraftment and a highly significant correlation was observed between the number of CD34(+) cells infused and engraftment. Treatment with SCF plus filgrastim was well tolerated, with mild to moderate local skin rash being the most frequently reported adverse event. In conclusion, addition of r-metHuSCF induces mobilization of a large number of CD34(+) cells which results in shortening of time to engraftment and hospitalization.     

Intermediate dose etoposide plus G-CSF 16 g/kg is more effective than cyclophosphamide 4 g/m(2) plus G-CSF 10 g/kg in PBSC mobilization of lymphoma patients

We designed intermediate dose etoposide + G-CSF 16 microg/kg as a Peripheral Blood Stem Cell (PBSC) mobilization schedule suitable for outpatient administration. Forty-one Lymphoma patients received intermediate dose etoposide (200 mg/m(2) i.v. day +1, +2, +3) +G-CSF 16 microg/kg/day. Results of PBSC mobilization in these patients were compared with those of a group of 37 lymphoma patients mobilized using cyclophosphamide (CTX) at dosage of 4 g/m(2) + G-CSF 10 microg/kg/die. Mean peak of CD34+ cells achieved in P.B. and total CD34+ cells harvested were higher in patients mobilized with intermediate dose etoposide (p = 0.003 and p = 0.004, respectively). After transplantation recovery of polymorphonucleate neutrophils (PMN) > 0.5 x 10(9)/L did not differ significantly between groups: 11.7 days in intermediate dose etoposide group and 11.5 days in CTX group (p = 0.7). Intermediate dose etoposide + G-CSF 16 microg/kg resulted in a maximum length of neutropenia (PMN < 0.5 x 10(9)/L) of 2 days and neutropenic fever was registered during only 3/41 courses (7.3%). Intermediate dose etoposide + G-CSF 16 microg/kg is a highly effective mobilizing therapy, further, it has the advantage of low hematologic toxicity and can be easily administered as outpatient treatment.