纳滤膜技术在普伐他汀生产中的应用

纳滤膜技术应用于普伐他汀生产，成功解决了普伐他汀萃取体积过大、组分复杂等问题，革新了萃取工艺，减少有机溶媒的用量，提高了产品质量，降低了生产成本。     

纳滤膜技术在泰乐星提炼过程中的应用

泰乐星提炼过程中原工艺脱色液用薄膜真空浓缩,本试验改进为耐溶纳滤膜浓缩,料液不需要加热即可浓缩,防止了料液的高温分解破坏, 缩收率明显提高;在浓缩的同时,部分小分子杂质可以随水分子一起通过纳滤膜而除掉,成品质量明显提高,解决了用原工艺成品酪胺、溶解度不合格的质量问题;     

纳滤膜在硫酸多粘菌素E浓缩与纯化中的应用

纳滤膜能在低温状态下,将硫酸多粘菌素Ｅ树脂解析液的浓缩和纯化合二为一,彻底替代了原有的真空薄膜蒸发器和树脂除杂质,既降低了能耗,又避免了产品受热分解和树脂除杂质时损失,提高了产品的收率和成品质量。     

纳滤膜技术在硫酸奈替米星生产中的应用

纳滤膜能在常温状态下将硫酸奈替米星的解析液浓缩,替代了原有的真空薄膜蒸发器.既降低了能耗,又防止了料液的高温分解破坏,提高了产品的收率和成品质量,经济效益可观.现纳滤膜成功地运用到奈替米星大生产中.     

膜分离技术在微生物制药中的应用

膜分离技术已逐渐成为现代生物制药分离工程中具有巨大应用潜力的技术。本文介绍了膜分离技术中微滤膜、超滤膜、纳滤膜、反渗透膜以及液膜在β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、大环内酯类，四环素类等几大类抗生素以及氨基酸和酶等生产中的应用。同时，论述了膜分离技术在微生物制药中应用的一些限制以及相应改进办法。     

膜分离技术在药物分离中的应用

膜分离技术近年来广泛应用于医药领域,现代生物技术和制药工业的发展加速了膜技术的进步。本文以膜分离技术为中心,介绍了微滤、超滤、纳滤、反渗透和分子印迹复合膜技术在药物分离纯化中的应用,并就其发展趋势做了分析。     

磁珠法和滤膜法提取核酸在手足口病荧光定量检测中的比较

目的 分析比较磁珠法和滤膜法提取病毒核酸的重复性及灵敏度.方法 选用国产的磁珠法和滤膜法试剂同时提取核酸检测临床手足口病标本,荧光相对定量比较两种方法的重复性及灵敏度.结果 磁珠法提取核酸的标本用量较少,成功率较高,磁珠法试剂检测重复性较好,灵敏度较高.结论 磁珠法提取核酸在手足口病的荧光定量检测中优于滤膜法.     

纳滤膜在D-对羟基苯甘氨酸提取中的应用

考察了pH对D-对羟基苯甘氨酸溶解度、旋光度、氧化速度、截留率的影响,并比较了纳滤膜和反渗透膜对其通量的影响,结果显示,在酸性条件下,优化后的工艺所得D-对羟基苯甘氨酸的含量为98.8%,比旋度为-158.     

土霉素结晶工艺改进的研究

为缩短结晶时间，提高结晶设备的利用率，本文研究了结晶过程中影响晶型的各种因素，改进了发酵液预处理、结晶工艺。试验结果表明，在控制发酵液酸化pH值1．95—2．05、黄血盐钠加量0．3％、黄血盐钠和硫酸锌配比3：2、结晶温度等条件，找到了一个较为适宜的发酵液预处理和结晶工艺，在结晶时间仅为47min的情况下，可明显改善土霉素晶型，使晶体粒度分布均匀，产品内在质量得到进一步提高。     

应用超滤法从发酵液中提纯抗生素

土霉素的生产包括酸化、过滤、脱色和结晶等步骤,多年来土霉素的提纯技术一直没有大的改变。常用的树脂脱色过程成本高,收率低,还因树脂再生产生酸、碱废水而增加污水处理费用。本研究试用超滤取代树脂脱色单元操作以克服其上述缺点。在实验中使用了切割分子量为4960.5u的超滤膜,实验结果表明超滤是取代树脂脱色的有效手段,可以充分纯化土霉素结晶液并改善结晶,脱色过程收率由树脂法的95.3%提高到98.6%。如果超滤与净化剂预处理相结合,可以提高土霉素质量,并使土霉素结晶收率由90.58%提高到93.3%。     

NP型复合纳米滤膜在抗生素浓缩过程中的应用

对ＮＰ型复合纳米滤膜的分离性能的实验结果表明,其性能与国外数种纳米滤膜的性能指标基本相当。纳米滤膜用于分子量为８００－１０００抗生素的浓缩实验取得满意结果。浓缩过程中,抗生素损失为１％,经简单清洗,即可恢复膜透量。     

The oxidative stress response of oxytetracycline in the ciliate Pseudocohnilembus persalinus

Oxytetracycline (OTC) is commonly employed in fish farms to prevent bacterial infections in China, and because of their widely and intensive use, the potential harmful effects on organisms in aquatic environment are of great concern. Ciliates play an important role in aquatic food webs as secondary producers, and Pseudocohnilembus persalinus, is one kind of them which are easily found in fish farms, surviving in polluted water. Therefore, using P. persalinus as experimental models, this study investigated the effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) on the growth, antioxidant system and morphological damage in pollution-resistant ciliates species. Our results showed that the 96-h EC₅₀ values for OTC of P. persalinus was 21.38 mg L⁻¹. The increased level of SOD and GSH during 96 h OTC stress was related to an adaptive response under oxidative stress induced in ciliates. Additionally, sod1, sod2 and sod3 exhibited a significant increased expression level compared to control group at 24 h treatment, indicating a promoting of dense system in ciliates at this exposure time. However, only sod1 and sod2 showed raised expression level at 48 h stress, showing the different sensitive of gene isoforms to some extent. With OTC treatment, damage of regular wrinkles, shrunk, twisted on the cell surface, even forming cyst of scuticociliatid ciliate cells were firstly observed by SEM (scanning electron microscope) in this study. Overall, physiological, molecular and morphological information on the toxicological studies of ciliates and more information on possibility of ciliates as indicators of contamination were provided in this study.     

膜分离法回收土霉素结晶母液中的土霉素

土霉素结晶母液经超滤膜预处理后 ,通过反渗透膜所得浓缩液 ,再经超滤膜处理后 ,15 %氨水调p H值从土霉素结晶母液回收土霉素 ,得到的土霉素纯度 82 .9% ,效价 771u/ mg,回收率 6 2 %。此结晶母液为二次母液 ,与车间冲洗水等混合后可较容易地进行生物降解     

高效毛细管电泳法分离土霉素及其相关物质的方法研究

目的：采用高效毛细管电泳法分离土霉素及其相关物质。方法：以含1mmol/L的EDTA的25mmol/L柠檬酸钠溶液（用0．1mol/L的氢氧化钠液调pH值至11．5）作为运行缓冲液，未涂层毛细管柱为70cm*50um.i.d)，有效长度为64cm，采用压力方式由毛细管柱的阳极旱样5s，运动电压为15kV，分离温度为20度，检测波长为254nm，并将方法测得的结果与药典规定方法测得的结果进行了比较，结果：所确定的实验条件可使土霉素与数种相关物质得到令人满意的分离，其分离效率较法定方法的为高，结论：本方法可使土霉素与数种相关物质分离，分析时间较短，能有效控制我国现行工艺生产的土霉素质量以及监控储存条件对质量的影响。     

Simultaneous determination of streptomycin and oxytetracycline in agricultural antimicrobials by CZE after an experimental design

A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of both streptomycin (STP) and oxytetracycline (OTC) in bactericidal products to be used in agriculture. Using fused-silica capillaries, the influence of the electrolyte composition, pH and concentration, as well as temperature and applied voltage were investigated using a central composite design to optimize the method. The optimized electrophoretic conditions were as follows: 0.10 M sodium phosphate, pH 2.5, 7.0 kV and 20.0 degrees C. The method was validated for STP and OTC determination in agricultural formulations through the following performance criteria: linearity and linear range, sensitivity, selectivity, intra-day and inter-day precision, detectability, accuracy and ruggedness. This optimized CZE-method for the identification and quantification of STP and OTC is a potential alternative method to the HPLC methods described by the US Pharmacopeia, with the advantage that the same method could be used for the simultaneous determination of these different antibiotics.     

Ceforanide pharmacokinetics in haemodialysis: the effect of ultrafiltration

The kinetics of ceforanide in plasma and dialysate was studied in 8 patients with terminal renal impairment after undergoing haemodialysis sessions lasting between 4 and 5 h. All patients received a single i.v. dose of 15 mg kg-1 of the drug at the start of the session. The dialysers used in this study were Spiraflow capillar 1.3 m2, Travenol plates 1.4 m2, and PAN plates. Blood flow ranged between 200 and 300 ml min-1 and dialysate flow between 500-650 ml min-1. Plasma ceforanide levels were measured at the input and output of the dialyser and the antibiotic levels in dialysate were determined coinciding with the withdrawal times of the blood samples. A microbiologic plate diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic concentrations. The mean values of some pharmacokinetic parameters of ceforanide calculated with a non-linear regression program from the data obtained from arterial blood were the following: alpha (h-1) = 4.14 +/- 1.32; beta (h-1) = 0.26 +/- 0.07; t1/2 beta (h) = 2.82 +/- 0.82; Vdss (1) = 10.24 +/- 2.14. From the relationships between the antibiotic concentrations at the input and output of the dialyser it was possible to calculate an extraction coefficient of 0.11 +/- 0.06. The dialysis clearance of ceforanide was calculated from the determination of the extraction coefficient and from the measuring of antibiotic in dialysate, though different results were obtained with the two methods. Dialysis clearance calculated from the extraction coefficient showed a mean value of 18.68 +/- 12.16 ml min-1, significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than that established by analysis of the antibiotic in dialysate, which was 41.55 +/- 15.83 ml min-1. These differences may be attributed to problems related to the determination of blood flow and to the ultrafiltration capacity of the dialysis membranes. A linear relationship was established between the percentage error in the observed and predicted extraction coefficients and the ultrafiltration rate. The results obtained suggest that the simultaneous measurement of the antibiotic in plasma and dialysate is the most suitable method for predicting the dialysis clearance of the drug. The amount of antibiotic extracted over a 4-hour dialysis session proved to be equal to 57.85 +/- 15.62 per cent of the dose administered.