核素心肌灌注显像在冠心病中的应用进展

多年来核素心肌灌注显像一直是全世界,尤其是美国最常用的冠心病诊断处理技术。现回顾并评价核素心肌灌注显像在冠心病诊断、危险度分层和预后评估,以及临床治疗决策中的价值。同时,联合冠状动脉钙化积分、螺旋CT冠状动脉造影及正电子发射体层摄影等其它无创检查将有助于冠心病的早期诊断、治疗决策和血运重建术的合理选择,减少冠心病患者总体医疗费用。     

负荷与静息门控核素心肌灌注显像左心室不同步参数的差异性研究

目的 比较负荷与静息门控核素心肌灌注SPECT显像(G-MPS)相位分析技术(SyncTool)所测定的左心室不同步参数之间是否存在差异.方法 回顾性入选行负荷/静息G-MPS的正常对照组患者60例、心肌缺血组患者40例和心功能不全组患者40例,各有一半接受运动或腺苷负荷G-MPS.应用SyncTool对负荷/静息G-MPS短轴图像进行相位分析,计算出左室不同步参数相位标准差(PSD)和相位直方图带宽(PHB).结果 各组患者运动负荷与静息G-MPS的左心室不同步参数(PSD、PHB)均无明显差异(P＞0.05),腺苷负荷与静息G-MPS的上述参数也均无明显差异(P＞0.05).将心功能不全组分为缺血性心肌病与扩张型心肌病两个亚组,各亚组负荷与静息G-MPS的左心室不同步参数(PSD、PHB)均无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 负荷试验(运动或腺苷)后1小时采集的99Tcm-sestamibi G-MPS所获得的PSD和PHB与静息G-MPS所获得的上述参数无显著差异,常规负荷G-MPS可以用于左心室同步性分析.     

负荷门控心肌灌注显像在肥厚型心肌病临床应用中的研究进展

肥厚型心肌病是以室间隔和左室游离壁非对称性肥厚,左心室流出道梗阻为特点,以呼吸困难、胸痛、心悸、头晕、晕厥甚至猝死为临床表现的心肌病,正确地诊断该病对改善患者的预后非常重要。超声心动图是诊断肥厚型心肌病的重要检查方法,但它也有不足之处。负荷门控心肌灌注显像通过检测核素在心肌的分布,明确心肌肥厚的部位及范围,同时观察左室运动情况及是否合并心肌缺血,对肥厚型心肌病的诊断、分型及预后评估具有重要价值,是一种无创且安全的方法。     

缺血性和非缺血性心肌病核素心肌断层显像的定量分析

本文回顾性地分析了24例缺血性心肌病（ISCM）和21例非缺血性心肌病（NISCM）患者的核素心肌断层显像与超声心动图，并且结合53例正常对照组心肌定量结果进行了定量分析，结果显示陈旧性心梗组（OMI）、高血压病组（EN）和扩张性心肌病组（DCM）的左室扩大，腔／壁比值分别是2、13±0．44、2．25±0．38及2．78±0．70与正常对照组的1．05±0．17比较有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。OMI组心肌定量分析见171个减低及缺损区。每个患者病变区数占自身总区数的11．60％～61．10％，平均27．16％，DCM组左室呈不均匀性分布，定量分析有27个减低区，每个患者病变心肌数占3．50％～11．52％，平均6．39％。两组分布存在显著性差异（P＜0．01）；EH组定量显像有52个增强区，每个患者心肌增强的区数占17．20％～50％，平均31．28％，DCM组有21个增强区，每个患者心肌增强的区数占0～10．72％，平均7．8％，两组分布有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。     

PET/SPECT核素心肌显像对存活心肌检测的研究进展

核素心肌显像是心脏功能检查的方法之一,可以对心肌存活进行评估,了解缺血或梗死心肌的具体情况。正电子发射断层成像术(PET)及新型半导体单光子发射计算机断层成像术(SPECT)心肌血流绝对定量分析,为冠状动脉微循环病变的诊断提供重要依据,对缺血性心脏病及特殊人群心肌缺血的早期诊断、临床分级及治疗具有重要意义。     

心脏磁共振显像评估肥厚型 心肌病患者左心室心肌应变变化

目的 应用心脏磁共振显像分析肥厚型心肌病（HCM）患者的左心室心肌应变变化。方法 收集浙江大学医学院附属金华医院2013年3月至2021年12月收治的HCM患者189例（HCM组）,30名健康者为对照组。利用心脏电影序列进行分析,测量左心室的结构和功能;利用延迟增强序列定量心肌延迟强化（LGE）,通过心肌特征追踪模块分析左心室整体应变及局部心肌应变。分析左心室整体、局部心肌应变与心脏结构、LGE的相关性。结果 HCM组的左心室整体心肌应变及局部心肌应变的绝对值均较对照组降低（均P<0.05）。HCM组患者的肥厚节段、LGE节段、肥厚且LGE节段的局部心肌应变的绝对值分别较非肥厚节段、非LGE节段、肥厚且非LGE节段降低（均P<0.05）。相关性分析显示,左心室整体径向应变与左心室质量呈负相关（r=-0.52,P<0.05）,肥厚节段局部径向应变与LGE呈负相关（r=-0.46,P<0.05）。结论 HCM患者的左心室心肌径向应变功能受损,与心肌肥厚及LGE相关。     

核素—运动心肌灌注显像在心肌梗塞病人中的应用

无并发症的急性心肌梗塞病人在出院前做核素－次极量运动心肌灌注显像对估计预后十分重要，此检查使临床医生能分析某一特定区域的心肌血供，客观评估残余缺血的范围和程度，区梗塞区内及区外缺血，弥补冠状动脉造影仅提供血管解剖病变的局限性。     

核素心肌灌注显像评价经皮室间隔化学消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病疗效

目的 利用核素心肌灌注显像评价肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者经皮室间隔化学消融术术前、术后心肌血流灌注及心功能的变化.方法 68例肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者,其中男45例、女23例,年龄16~68岁.对其行经皮室间隔化学消融术,术前及术后早期[(5.9±2.1)d]行99Tcm MIBI SPECT 心肌灌注显像,其中11例进行了术后半年[(6.1±1.4)个月]的复查.采用半定量评分方法评价化学消融术前、术后左心室室壁节段的血流灌注情况.33例患者进行了门控心肌灌注显像,采用QGS分析软件比较术前、术后节段性室壁运动、室壁增厚率及左心室整体射血分数,评价化学消融术对心功能的影响.结果 将68例患者术前与术后早期心肌灌注显像左心室17节段评分进行比较,结果显示术后早期患者间隔部(间隔心尖段、前间隔中段、后间隔中段、前间隔基底段及后间隔基底段)心肌灌注较术前明显减低(P<0.05).11例患者进行了术后半年随访复查,与术前比较前间隔基底段、后间隔基底段、前间隔中段、后间隔中段、间隔心尖段血流灌注均减低(P均＜0.05),但与术后早期比较前间隔基底段、后间隔基底段、前间隔中段血流灌注均增加(P均＜0.05).33例门控静息心肌灌注显像中,术后早期左心室整体射血分数[(56±12)%]与术前[(57±15)%]比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),前壁基底段、前间隔基底段、后间隔基底段、下壁基底段的室壁运动术后早期均较术前减低(P均＜0.05),前间隔中段、后间隔中段、后间隔基底段室壁增厚率术后早期均较术前减低(P均＜0.05).结论 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT心肌灌注显像可用于评价经皮室间隔化学消融术的疗效.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the myocardial perfusion and function in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) before and after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA).Methods Sixty-eight patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy were included and 99 Tc m -MIBI SPECT MPI was applied before and at 1 week after PTSMA, six-month follow-up was finished in 11 patients. Semi quantity and QGS quantity perfusion and function assessment was performed in 17 LV segments.Results Myocardial perfusion post-PTSMA was significantly reduced in 98% patients, especially in basal anterosepta, basal inferoseptal, mid-anteroseptal, mid-inferoseptal and apical septal segments compared with pre-PTSMA (all P<0.05). Perfusion was significantly increased at 6 months follow-up than at 1 week post-PTSMA but still lower than pre-PTSMA (all P<0.05). LVEF (evaluated by gated SPECT) was similar before and after the procedure (P>0.05). Regional wall motion after PTSMA was lower than pre-PTSMA in basal anterior, basal anteroseptal, basal inferoseptal and basal inferior (P<0.05). Regional wall thinkening was lower than pre-PTSMA in basal inferoseptal, mid-anteroseptal, mid-inferoseptal (P<0.05) .Conclusions 99Tcm MIBI SPECT can be used to monitor myocardial perfusion post PTSMA in patients with HOCM.     

心肌灌注显像诊断隐匿性心肌缺血

~(201)铊闪烁显象检测心肌缺血的敏感性较心电图运动试验为强,灌注缺损的发生率较心电图ST段压低为高且出现在心绞痛之前。~(201)铊闪烁显像可鉴别无心绞痛者心电图运动试验是真阳性还是假阳牲。锝标记异腈显像提高了心肌灌注显像的精确性。     

三磷酸腺苷负荷~(99m)锝—甲氧基异丁基异腈门控心肌灌注显像在评价心肌桥引起心肌缺血患者中的临床价值

目的:探讨三磷酸腺苷(ATP)负荷99m锝—甲氧基异丁基异腈(99mTc-MIBI)门控心肌灌注显像(G-MPI)对评价心肌桥患者心肌缺血的程度、部位及心功能的临床价值。方法:选择58例以冠状动脉造影或冠状动脉计算机断层血管造影术(CTA)明确诊断为心肌桥的患者,行ATP负荷99mTc-MIBI G-MPI检查,将左心室心肌短轴及垂直长轴像划分为13个节段,应用目测法按0~3分4阶法半定量评价左心室心肌各节段核素分布情况,计算左心室负荷总积分,判定心肌桥患者心肌缺血的程度及部位,并与心肌桥的严重程度进行对比。同时分析ATP负荷99mTc-MIBI G-MPI得出的左心室射血分数(LVEF)与经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图获得的LVEF的相关性。结果:ATP负荷99mTc-MIBI G-MPI对心肌桥患者心肌缺血的检出率为82.76%,动态心电图的检出率为56.10%,前者明显高于后者(P0.05)。ATP负荷99mTc-MIBI G-MPI显像中冠状动脉左前降支支配区域核素分布异常为258个节段(63.55%),冠状动脉左回旋支支配区域核素分布异常为82个节段(47.13%),右冠状动脉支配区域核素分布异常为74个节段(42.53%),冠状动脉左前降支支配区域核素分布异常节段数明显高于左回旋支及右冠状动脉(P0.0125)。在58例心肌桥患者,ATP负荷99mTc-MIBI G-MPI定量分析中得出的静息状态下LVEF为(69.59±4.13)%,经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图测得的LVEF为(63.22±4.12)%,二者差异无统计学意义(P0.05),且呈明显正相关性(r=0.555,P0.05)。结论:ATP负荷99mTc-MIBI GMPI可以较直观准确地评价心肌桥患者的心肌缺血程度、部位及左心功能,对临床治疗具有一定的指导价值。     

70岁以上肥厚性梗阻型心肌病患者化学消融的安全性初探

目的:总结70岁以上肥厚性梗阻型心肌病(HOCM)患者行经皮室间隔心肌化学消融术(PTSMA)治疗的并发症发生情况及近期疗效,探讨70岁以上HOCM患者行PTSMA的利与弊。方法:对1998-07至2010-07我院行PTSMA治疗的9例70岁以上HOCM患者的临床资料和化学消融结果进行回顾性分析,总结其化学消融术中和术后围术期并发症的发生情况及近期疗效。结果:9例70岁以上HOCM患者中共8例接受PTSMA治疗,术后静息及早搏后左心室流出道压力阶差明显降低(13.29±16.60 vs 77.71±45.51,P=0.006;42.25±21.98 vs 113.50±38.46,P=0.04),左心室射血分数较术前略有下降,但差异无统计学意义(0.60±0.05 vs 0.62±0.05,P=0.053)。术中发生完全性右束支传导阻滞3例,Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞1例,急性心包填塞、死亡1例,急性左心衰竭、死亡1例。结论:70岁以上HOCM患者行PTSMA治疗是有效的,但围术期并发症发生率较高,死亡率较高,因此70岁以上HOCM患者行PTSMA弊大于利,应谨慎施行。     

Prognostic Study of Cardiac and Renal Events in Japanese Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Using Myocardial Perfusion SPECT: J-ACCESS 3 Study Design

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Recent studies have indicated that the incidence of cardiovascular disease increases inversely with estimated glomerular filtration rate. Although coronary angiography is considered the gold standard for detecting coronary artery disease, contrast-induced nephropathy or cholesterol microembolization remain serious problems; therefore, a method of detecting coronary artery disease without renal deterioration is desirable. From this viewpoint, stress myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) might be useful for patients with chronic kidney disease. We recently performed the Japanese Assessment of Cardiac Events and Survival Study by Quantitative Gated SPECT (J-ACCESS) investigating patients with suspected or extant coronary artery disease and the J-ACCESS 2 study of patients with diabetes. The findings from these studies showed that SPECT can detect coronary artery disease and help to predict future cardiac events. Thus, we proposed a multicenter, prospective cohort study called “J-ACCESS 3” in patients with chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk. The study aimed at predicting cardiovascular and renal events based on myocardial perfusion imaging and clinical backgrounds. We began enrolling patients in J-ACCESS 3 at 74 facilities from April 2009 and will continue to do so until 31 March 2010, with the aim of having a cohort of 800 patients. These will be followed up for three years. The primary endpoints will be cardiac death and sudden death. The secondary endpoints will comprise any cardiovascular or renal events. This study will be completed in 2013. Here, we describe the design of the J-ACCESS 3 study.     

潘生丁、~(99m)Tc-MIBI心肌断层显像对原发性高血压心肌供血诊断的评价

对24例原发性高血压病人和6例正常人进行潘生丁、99mTC－MIBI心肌断层显像研究。发现高血压左室肥厚组心肌灌注异常率明显超过心电图左室肥厚伴劳损、平板运动试验阳性、动态心电图心肌缺血者；高血压左室肥厚患者静息状态心肌各节段灌注异常占64．3％～85．7％，而无肥厚患者为0～10．0％，证实左室肥厚更会诱致心肌缺血。     

核素心肌灌注显像在糖尿病人群中的应用

核素心肌灌注显像作为一种非侵入性的影像学技术已经广泛应用于冠心病的诊断、危险度分层、预后判断以及疗效的评估中,其临床价值已经得到充分肯定.近年来,随着糖尿病发病率的逐步上升,探讨该技术在糖尿病人群中的应用具有重要的临床价值.     

Myocardial Perfusion and Viability Imaging in Coronary Artery Disease: Clinical Value in Diagnosis,Prognosis, and Therapeutic Guidance

Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Noninvasive imaging tests play a significant role in diagnosing coronary artery disease, as well as risk stratification and guidance for revascularization. Myocardial perfusion imaging, including single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography, has been widely employed. In this review, we will review test accuracy and clinical significance of these methods for diagnosing and managing coronary artery disease. We will further discuss the comparative usefulness of other noninvasive tests—stress echocardiography, coronary computed tomography angiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging—in the evaluation of ischemia and myocardial viability.     

The Benefits of Prone SPECT Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Reducing Both Artifact Defects and Patient Radiation Exposure

Background

Prone imaging has been demonstrated to minimize diaphragmatic and breast tissue attenuation.

Objectives

To determine the role of prone imaging on the reduction of unnecessary rest perfusion studies and coronary angiographies performed, thus decreasing investigation time and radiation exposure.

Methods

We examined 139 patients, 120 with an inferior wall and 19 with an anterior wall perfusion defect that might represented attenuation artifact. Post-stress images were acquired in both the supine and prone position. Coronary angiography was used as the “gold standard” for evaluating coronary artery patency. The study was terminated and rest imaging was obviated in the presence of complete improvement of the defect in the prone position. Quantitative interpretation was performed. Results were compared with clinical data and coronary angiographic findings.

Results

Prone acquisition correctly revealed defect improvement in 89 patients (89/120) with inferior wall and 12 patients (12/19) with anterior wall attenuation artifact. Quantitative analysis demonstrated statistically significant difference in the mean summed stress scores (SSS) of supine and mean SSS of prone studies in patients with disappearing inferior wall defect in the prone position and patent right coronary artery (true negative results). The mean difference between SSS in supine and in prone position was higher with disappearing than with remaining defects.

Conclusion

Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) tetrofosmin myocardial perfusion imaging with the patient in the prone position overcomes soft tissue attenuation; moreover it provides an inexpensive, accurate approach to limit the number of unnecessary rest perfusion studies and coronary angiographies performed.     

99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像与心电图对冠心病的诊断价值

目的评估^99mTc—MIBI心肌灌注断层显像与心电图（ECG）在冠心病（CAD）诊断的价值。方法对28例冠心病和可疑冠心病患者进行心电图检查和^99mTc—MIBI心肌灌注断层显像（同时采用半定量方法分析患者左心室心肌血流灌注情况），其中13例患者行冠状动脉造影术（CAG）。结果心肌灌注断层显像与ECG阳性率分别为42．9％、53．6％，两者阳性率间差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。ECG诊断冠心病的敏感性为3／3，特异性为3／10，阳性预测值为3／10，阴性预测值为3／3，准确度为6／13。心肌灌注显像诊断冠心病的敏感性为3／3，特异性为8／10，阳性预测值为3／5，阴性预测值为8／8，准确度为11／13。心肌灌注断层显像和ECG与CAG阳性率间差异均无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。结论^99mTc—MIBI心肌灌注层显像与心电图是安全、无创伤、方便及费用低的检查方法，临床联合应用对冠心病的诊断、治疗和预后判断有重要的价值。     

Imaging of Myocardial Perfusion with SonoVue™ in Patients with a Prior Myocardial Infarction

Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) is an evolving noninvasive imaging technique that can be used to assess regional myocardial perfusion. MCE relies upon the detection of nonlinear ultrasound signal from gas-filled microbubbles during their microvascular transit, resulting in tissue opacification. Provided that the relation between myocardial microbubble concentration and video intensity (VI) is within the linear range, VI measured from any myocardial region reflects the relative tissue concentration of microbubbles, which is influenced by three factors: (1) microbubble concentration in blood; (2) the myocardial blood volume fraction; and (3) microbubble destruction that occurs within the ultrasound beam. In this article, we discuss how these three factors may influence myocardial perfusion information provided by MCE and highlight the importance of image processing. In order to illustrate these concepts, we examine data obtained during perfusion imaging in patients with prior myocardial infarction using intermittent harmonic imaging at various ultrasound pulsing intervals (PIs) during bolus and continuous venous infusions of a second-generation microbubble agent (SonoVue™). Our results suggest that evaluation of resting perfusion is most accurate when both myocardial blood volume and blood velocity are assessed. This information is provided only with continuous infusions of microbubbles during imaging protocols that vary the ultrasound PI.