腹腔镜辅助手术切除小儿骶尾部畸胎瘤的疗效分析

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助手术切除小儿Ⅲ、Ⅳ型骶尾部畸胎瘤的可行性、安全性及疗效。方法回顾性分析腹腔镜辅助手术治疗的12例骶尾部畸胎瘤患儿的临床资料,其中Ⅲ型8例,Ⅳ型4例。先经腹腔镜游离瘤体的腹腔部分,结扎肿瘤供应血管,再经骶尾部完整切除肿瘤。结果 12例患儿均顺利完成手术,无一例出现严重并发症。2例术后失访,10例获得半年以上的随访,其中1例复发,其余病例无复发。结论腹腔镜辅助小儿骶尾部畸胎瘤切除术是有效、安全、可行、损伤小的手术方法。     

腹腔镜辅助技术在小儿骶尾部手术的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助技术在小儿骶尾手术中应用的价值与意义。方法采用腹腔镜辅助技术,分别对先天性高位肛门闭锁、先天性直肠尿道瘘、骶尾部畸胎瘤进行手术治疗。结果全部病例均在腹腔镜辅助下完成,均手术顺利,比较传统手术,无需开腹或作骶尾部切口,出血量减少2乃以上,手术时间约为传统手术的一半,均无新的手术并发症发生。结论腹腔镜辅助小儿骶尾部手术出血量少,手术时间短,手术损伤小,是可供选择的手术方法之一。     

小儿骶尾部畸胎瘤的临床特点及术后并发症的预防

目的探讨小儿骶尾部畸胎瘤的临床特点及术后并发症的预防及处理。方法回顾性分析26例小儿骶尾部畸胎瘤的临床特点、手术方法及并发症。手术年龄25d至5岁,女16例,男10例。Ⅰ型（显型）9例（34．6％）,Ⅱ型（混合型）13例（50．0％）,Ⅲ型（哑铃型）3例（11．5％）,Ⅳ型（隐型）1例（3．8％）。骶尾入路手术21例,经腹骶尾联合入路手术5例。结果26例中,获随访22例（良性20例,恶性2例）,存活20例,死亡2例。发生并发症8例,其中大便失禁2例,切口皮下积液感染3例,皮瓣坏死2例,慢性窦道1例。结论术中修复盆底、重建肛尾韧带及消灭死腔是防治小儿骶尾部畸胎瘤术后并发症的重要措施。     

骶尾部畸胎瘤50例

目的总结小儿骶尾部畸胎瘤的特点与外科治疗。方法对1983年3月～2003年3月本院收治骶尾部畸胎瘤患者50例的临床资料进行回顾性分析,均经手术治疗,病理检查证实。结果良性肿瘤86.0%（43/50）,恶性14.0%（7/50）。随访1～10年,7例恶性患者均于术后1～2年死亡。良性患者中5例于手术后2年复发,复发率为11.5%。其中4例肿瘤恶变复发死亡。另37例良性患者术后发育正常,无大小便异常,盆底松弛现象2例。结论小儿骶尾部畸胎瘤以良性居多;良性畸胎瘤术后复发率较高,手术完整切除是减少肿瘤复发和恶变关键。重视保存盆底完整和良好解剖修复,对提高术后功能性效果有积极意义。     

儿童骶尾部畸胎瘤手术治疗

目的 总结儿童畸胎瘤的手术措施,分析手术并发症的常见原因,以提高肿瘤切除率,减少手术并发症.方法 对2002年2月-2011年5月本院收治的12例儿童骶尾部畸胎瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析.男4例,女8例;年龄7个月～11岁,平均 6.67 岁.按Altman分类:Ⅰ型(显露型)5例,Ⅱ型(内外混合型)5例,Ⅲ型(哑铃状型)1例,Ⅳ型(隐匿型)1例.术前空腹血清AFP正常7例(＜20 μg·L-1),5例有不同程度的增高,其中2例 >1 210 μg·L-1.所有患儿均行手术切除肿瘤及尾骨,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型患儿中9例采用经骶尾部倒"V"形切口切除术,2例因瘤体较大采取横梭形切口切除术,1例Ⅳ型患儿采用经腹骶联合切口切除术.恶性肿瘤患儿术后行联合化疗.结果 本组瘤体完整切除10例,术中瘤体包膜破溃切除2例.病理检查证实良性7例,恶性5例.12例患儿术后全部进行随访,随访时间6个月～ 5 a.近期并发症有切口感染3例,直肠损伤1例;远期并发症小便失禁1例.术后复发2例,死亡1例.结论 骶尾部畸胎瘤须尽早手术治疗.术中切除尾骨、避免肿瘤破溃残留是预防复发的关键.盆底修复,肛尾韧带重建及消灭死腔是减少术后并发症的关键.     

小儿骶尾部混合型畸胎瘤手术治疗体会

我院自1995年以来,共收治各类畸胎瘤(腹膜后28例、卵巢7例、睾丸17例、肾脏11例、骶尾部44例)107例。其中骶尾部混合型畸胎瘤18例。与其它各类畸胎瘤比例,骶尾部混合型畸胎瘤手术难度较大,术后并发症多。我院经治18例病儿,除1例拒绝化疗外,余17例效果良好。本文重点总结小儿骶尾部混合型畸胎瘤的手术治疗体会。     

小儿巨大骶尾部畸胎瘤的手术治疗

直径超过10cm的骶尾部肿瘤，约占小儿骶尾部畸胎瘤的33％。因瘤体侵犯盆底组织广泛，故手术损伤较大，技术要求高。本院近年来共收治小儿巨大骶尾部畸胎瘤37例，现报告如下。     

小儿骶尾部畸胎瘤的手术治疗

小儿骶尾部畸胎瘤的手术治疗李福玉胡廷泽郎诗民骶尾部畸胎瘤是小儿常见的肿瘤，在治疗方面尤其是瘤体巨大者尚存在一些值得重视的问题。现总结８４例的手术经验，就防止术后复发、盆底重建等问题探讨如下。临床资料：１９５５年５月～１９９６年１２月，我院收治小儿骶尾...     

新生儿骶尾部畸胎瘤的诊治

目的总结新生儿骶尾部畸胎瘤的临床特点,探讨术前后检测血清AFP对判断畸胎瘤的良恶性是否有意义。方法自1988年12月～2004年1月共诊治新生儿骶尾部畸胎瘤25例,对临床表现、辅助检查、手术及病理等进行详细分析。结果本组25例中,年龄0～10d者16例,11～20d者5例,21～30d者4例。其中6例尿潴留,1例大便潴留伴发低位肠梗阻。囊性8例,实性4例,混合性13例,多数呈哑铃型。11例X线平片见骶尾部有边界较清楚肿物,偶见条状或斑块状钙化。9例术前MRI检查,可见低信号或混杂信号,个别者有钙化影。9例三维彩超见骶尾部及盆腔内囊实混合性肿物。术前用电化学发光法检测血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)15例,其中AFP≥400Iu/ml13例,2例<400Iu/ml。出院复查AFP<400Iu/ml10例,AFP≥400Iu/ml5例。出院后1～4个月复查AFP正常。全部病例出院。病理:成熟型畸胎瘤18例,未成熟型畸胎瘤6例,恶性小圆细胞性肿瘤1例。结论新生儿骶尾部畸胎瘤绝大多数为良性,混合型居多,早期以尿便障碍就诊。经骶尾部切口可完整切除肿瘤,无副损伤,预后良好。术前后检测血清甲胎蛋白(AFP),有一定参考意义,可作为畸胎瘤随访的客观指标。     

骶尾部畸胎瘤术后复发高危因素分析

目的 探讨和分析引起骶尾部畸胎瘤术后复发的高危因素.方法 回顾性分析2003年1月至2012年12月收治的107例骶尾部畸胎瘤患儿的临床资料,使用单因素和多因素危险度Lo-gistic回归法,从Altman分类、手术年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤是否完整切除、术中肿瘤是否溃破以及破溃成分、病理类型等方面分析肿瘤复发的高危因素.结果 肿瘤复发共16例,复发时间为6～59个月,平均(16.25±14.01)个月.恶性肿瘤复发均为术后常规随访发现,良性肿瘤仅2例常规随访发现,其余因出现排便困难、骶尾部出现肿块等临床症状就诊.根据Altman分类,Ⅰ～Ⅳ型的复发病例(复发率)分别为8例(15.4％)、2例(10.5％)、1例(10.0％)和5例(31.3％).病理类型中,成熟性畸胎74例中复发9例,其中5例病理性质复发后转变为未成熟或恶性畸胎瘤;未成熟畸胎瘤6例中复发2例;恶性畸胎瘤17例中复发5例.肿瘤复发后的5年生存率(64.8％)与未复发病例(95.0％)相比,差异有统计学意义(P=0.002).单因素及多因素危险度分析提示术中肿瘤实质成分溃破(P=0.028)、肿瘤残留(P=0.000)、未成熟(P=0.029)及恶性畸胎瘤(P=0.026)是骶尾部畸胎瘤复发的危险因素,而Altman分类、手术年龄、肿瘤大小以及囊液破裂并不是肿瘤复发的危险因素.结论 肿瘤复发是影响骶尾部畸胎瘤预后的重要因素.术中避免肿瘤实质成分溃破,尽可能完整切除肿瘤可减少肿瘤复发.重视骶尾部畸胎瘤,特别是成熟性畸胎瘤的术后随访,有利于尽早发现肿瘤复发,提高治愈率.     

小儿腹腔及腹膜后囊性肿物腹腔镜治疗11例

目的:探讨腹腔镜治疗小儿腹腔及腹膜后囊性肿物的可行性及疗效。方法:回顾性分析2015年6月至2019年1月福建医科大学附属泉州第一医院小儿外科收治的腹腔或腹膜后囊性肿物患儿11例,其中男6例,女5例;年龄8个月～10岁,平均59个月。患儿囊性肿物9例来源于腹腔,2例来源于腹膜后,均于腹腔镜下行肿物切除术。结果:11例患...     

Sacrococcygeal tumors in infancy and childhood; a retrospective histopathological review of 85 cases

This study retrospectively examines the spectrum of sacrococcygeal tumors reported in a tertiary paediatric pathology department during a 15-year period. There were 85 sacrococcygeal tumors identified in total, including 79 (93%) sacrococcygeal germ cell tumors, of which 62 (78%) were benign, whereas 17 (22%) contained malignant yolk sac tumor elements. The median age at examination in cases with malignant elements present was significantly greater than in those with benign sacrococcygeal teratoma only (median 2 years, range birth--3 years versus median 1 week, range birth--10 years, respectively; p < .01). Of the 85 cases of total sacrococcygeal lesions 6 (7%) represented pathologies other than sacrococcygeal teratoma, including one case each of neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, myxopapillary ependymoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, lipomatous tumor, and unclassifiable inflammatory tumor. Of these 6 cases 3 were malignant (50%) compared with 17 of the 79 cases of sacrococcygeal germ cell tumors (22%; Z =1.59, p = .08). The median age in the group of non-germ-cell sacrococcygeal masses was 3 years (range 5 months to 13 years).     

Intra-abdominal (Type IV) sacrococcygeal teratoma presenting with buttock hemangioma

Sacrococcygeal teratoma is the most common type of extragonadal germ cell tumor in infants and young children. Sacrococcygeal teratomas can uncommonly present in an intra-abdominal fashion, with minimal clinical findings. Dermatologic lesions overlying the vertebrae or buttocks are often associated with sacrococcygeal teratoma and may be the only clue to their presence. Here, we report a case of an intra-abdominal sacrococcygeal teratoma presenting with an anatomically separate buttock hemangioma.     

小儿骶尾部内胚窦瘤的治疗

目的探讨骶尾部内胚窦瘤的治疗和预后。方法回顾性分析1999年1月-2005年12月收治12例骶尾部内胚窦瘤患儿。该组病例术前经B超、CT或MRI检查发现骶尾部肿瘤,经检测血清甲胎蛋白均升高,采用手术切除全部或大部分肿瘤,所有患儿均采用BEP（顺铂十足叶乙甙＋博来霉素）方案化疗。结果该组病例术前经B超或CT检查发现骶尾部肿瘤,经检测血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）均升高,采用手术切除全部或大部分肿瘤,病理证实为内胚窦瘤。患儿均采用BEP（顺铂＋足叶乙甙＋博来霉素）方案化疗。随访6年,生存9例,死亡3例,复发5例。结论以顺铂为基础的联合化疗可改善内胚窦瘤疗效,AFP检测及B超联合应用对小儿内胚窦瘤诊断及复发监测有重要意义,选择恰当的手术方式并辅以联合化疗可提高患儿长期生存率。     

Metastatic endodermal sinus tumor: CT appearances

A one-week-old boy had undergone resection of a sacrococcygeal benign cystic teratoma. At the age of 12 months, he had a serum alpha-fetoprotein level of 139,000 IU/ml and a recurrent pelvic mass which was removed, and the microscopic examination revealed endodermal sinus tumor. Postoperatively, massively enlarged inguinal lymph nodes and abdominal distention developed. Computerized tomography displayed enlarged inguinal lymph nodes, metastatic lesions in the liver, and a pelvic recurrent mass. He received BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin) chemotherapy regimen, and a complete remission was achieved with a normal serum alpha-fetoprotein. Close follow-up and serum alpha-fetoprotein monitoring are mandatory after the resection of a sacrococcygeal teratoma.     

Tératome sacrococcygien bénin chez l’enfant : revue de littérature à propos d’un cas

Sacrococcygeal teratomas are rare congenital tumors, generally discovered at birth. These tumors are seldom observed in children. Radical resection must be performed to avoid potentially malignant recurrence even if the primary lesion is benign. We report a case in an 8-year-old girl who did not have a past medical history. Since the age of 2 years, she presented a progressive sacral tumefaction with no neurological deficit. The MRI showed a large sacrococcygeal cyst in hypointense-signal T1-weighted imaging with no contrast enhancement, and a hyperintense signal in T2-weighted imaging. At surgery, the tumor was totally removed. The intraoperative aspect was that of a viscous cyst. The histological study showed a sacrococcygeal teratoma.     

Sacrococcygeal teratoma in Northeastern Nigeria: 18-years experience

Although sacrococcygeal teratomas are rare, there have been several reports from various parts of Nigeria, outside the Northeast region. This report reviews the experience with this tumour from the northeastern part of Nigeria. A retrospective study of 21 children with histologically confirmed sacrococcygeal teratoma managed in 18 years. Over the 18-year-period, 21 histologically confirmed cases of sacrococcygeal teratoma were seen—80% were girls. Thirteen (60.9%) presented during the neonatal period. Eighteen patients presented with benign sacrococcygeal teratoma while three patients and a recurrence from an initial benign tumour had malignant sacrococcygeal teratoma. All malignant tumours had a significant presacral component. There were associated congenital malformations in 3 (14.3%) of the patients. All the benign tumours were resectable. Using the American Academy of Pediatrics (Altman’s) classification (Altman et al., J Pediatr Surg, 9:389–398, 1974), 13 patients were type I, 5 patients type II, 3 patients type Ill and none was for type IV. The commonest post-operative complication was wound infection in six patients. Others were wound dehiscence in three and post-operative diarrhoea in two patients. Three deaths were recorded in this series. The size of mass greater than 5 cm did not correlate with the incidence of post-operative complications (P=0.367). The post-operative follow-up was very poor; but there was a recurrence in a girl, two-years after the initial surgery. Our study revealed that most of our patients with sacrococcygeal teratoma present early to hospital with benign lesions and the immediate post-operative results were excellent. However, the follow-up was poor as such long-term post-operative results are difficult to study. It is to be recommended that sacrococcygeal teratoma presenting early to hospital should have prompt surgical intervention.     

新生儿骶尾部畸胎瘤手术后肛门直肠功能的相关因素分析

目的评估新生儿骶尾部畸胎瘤手术后远期肛门直肠功能,并探讨其影响因素。方法选取2013年8月至2018年2月天津市儿童医院新生儿外科收治的97例新生儿骶尾部畸胎瘤患者,记录患者临床特征及肛门直肠功能障碍发生情况,对患者肛门直肠功能障碍的发生率及其危险因素进行分析。结果新生儿骶尾部畸胎瘤的Altman分型、肿瘤体积和术中残余肿瘤体积与术后肛门直肠功能的恢复相关(P<0.05),而性别、血清AFP水平、肿瘤性状和病理类型与肛门直肠功能障碍不相关(P>0.05);在Altman分型Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型的新生儿中,术后出现肛门直肠功能障碍和未发现肛门直肠功能障碍者比较,畸胎瘤大小差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而Ⅰ型新生儿中上述指标差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论肛门直肠功能的恢复与多种因素有关,术前对Altman分类、肿瘤体积和肿瘤位置关系的准确预判,可有效避免肿瘤生长、瘤体对盆底、肛门直肠周围组织及神经的压迫和侵犯,也可避免术中对重要组织脏器的损伤,并预防终末器官损害,改善患者的远期预后。     

399例儿童畸胎瘤的单中心临床诊疗分析

目的回顾性分析小儿畸胎瘤的治疗及预后特点。方法收集重庆医科大学附属儿童医院1994年10月至2015年6月收治的畸胎瘤患儿,共399例,按照性别、年龄、部位、病理类型、血清AFP水平、治疗及预后等因素进行回顾性分析。结果①成熟型畸胎瘤301例;未成熟畸胎瘤17例,其中组织学Ⅰ级9例,Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ级3例;恶性畸胎瘤81例,按COG/CCG肿瘤分期标准,Ⅰ期5例,Ⅱ期14例,Ⅲ期44例,Ⅳ期18例。②成熟型畸胎瘤及未成熟型畸胎瘤共318例一期接受手术治疗,其中未成熟畸胎瘤Ⅲ级及部分Ⅱ级病例术后辅以化疗;81例恶性肿瘤患儿中,Ⅰ、Ⅱ期均手术完全或完整切除肿瘤,部分Ⅱ期病例术后辅以化疗;40例接受术前新辅助化疗、手术治疗、术后化疗的个体化综合治疗;另外22例中断治疗并放弃;③术后随访1~10年,3例成熟型畸胎瘤患儿术后良性复发,再次予以完整切除后,截止随访时间,301例均无瘤存活;1例未成熟畸胎瘤Ⅲ级术后恶性复发,放弃治疗后死亡;恶性畸胎瘤完成治疗的患儿仅1例恶性复发后死亡,未完成治疗患儿中10例死亡,其余患儿各有不同程度的病情进展。结论在儿童畸胎瘤治疗中,一期完整切除肿瘤,避免肿瘤破溃是预防复发及恶变的关键,未成熟畸胎瘤依据AFP、影像学、肿瘤组织分级、病理免疫组化、术中情况等选择是否化疗;对于恶性畸胎瘤,彻底手术切除的同时结合化疗,术后密切随访,可获得较高的生存率。